scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ ІСНУЮЧИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ВИНИКНЕННЯ НАПРУЖЕНЬ В ТОНКИХ ПЛІВКАХ І ПОКРИТТЯХ

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
О. В. Шорінов
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
As Stress ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stress Measuring ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Coating Stress

The analysis of existing models of stress in thin films and coatings was carried out. While reaching critical value, stress can lead to defects, cracks, delamination of coating from substrate, etc. The task of prediction and controlling of the direction and magnitude of the stress of coating-substrate system is relevant nowadays regardless of coating and thin films deposition methods. Different types of coatings and thin films are widely used in almost all industries: optics, mechanical engineering, measuring technology, medicine, micro- and nanoelectronics, etc. Development and investigation of new promising methods for the formation of nanostructures, such as nanowires in a plasma environment, requires a sufficient theoretical basis for the origin and growing of stresses. Depending on the mechanism, the causes of stress in thin films and coatings can be: chemical reactions, phase transformations, inclusions and impurities, particle bombardment (the cause of internal stress during coating growing); temperature changes (the cause of thermal stress due to different values of coefficients of thermal expansion of coating and substrate materials); deformation of coating-substrate system, etc. Models of stress development in coatings and thin films can be divided into the following groups: stress that occur at the coating-substrate interface, internal coating stress, and stress at the coating-environment interface. The study presents methods of stress measuring in thin films and coatings. Based on the results of the current research, it can be concluded that the existing models of stress in the process of growth of coatings and films, as well as stress arising under the action of external forces, describe only the causes of the stress and unfortunately do not give an understanding of their complex effect on stress-strain state of coating-substrate system and need further development and improvement. Stress relaxation is also important to obtain new structures and certain properties of coatings. The development of stress management tools can be considered as one of the ways to increase the lifetime of products with coatings and thin films.

СОСТОЯНИЕ МЯСНОГО СКОТОВОДСТВА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ: реалии и перспективы

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M. DUNIN ◽  
S.E. TYAPUGIN ◽  
R.K. MESHCHEROV ◽  
V.P. HODYKOV ◽  
V.K. ADZHIBEKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Further Development

Рассмотрены состояние и перспективы развития мясного скотоводства в Российской Федерации. Проведен мониторинг численности поголовья, породного состава и продуктивности мясного крупного рогатого скота во всех категориях хозяйств, изучены масштабы и объемы бонитировки скота за 20102018 годы. По данным Минсельхоза России, в 2018 году поголовье крупного рогатого скота в стране составило более 18 млн голов, в том числе численность животных специализированных мясных пород во всех категориях хозяйств достигла 2,26 млн голов. Комплексная оценка 711,16 тыс. голов, или 34,1 от общей численности мясного скота, в том числе 389,8 тыс. коров, принадлежащих к 15 породам и типам, разводимым в 57 регионах Российской Федерации показала, что наибольшее подконтрольное поголовье имеют абердин ангусская порода (417545 гол.), калмыцкая (137262 гол.), герефордская (87278 гол.) и казахская белоголовая породы (52563 гол.). Все подконтрольное поголовье животных является чистопородным и IV поколения, в том числе 99,7 быков-производителей и 99,3 коров. Анализ живой массы пробонитированного поголовья выявил тенденцию к ее повышению у коров всех возрастов в среднем на 54 кг, быков производителей на 39 кг, или на 16,7 и 5,2 за последние 9 лет, соответственно. Живая масса коров по итогам 2018 года в среднем составила 546 кг, быков-производителей 791 кг. По состоянию на 1.01.2019 года, племенная база мясного скотоводства страны представлена 270 племенными стадами, в том числе 46 племенными заводами и 224 племенными репродукторами. В 2018 году в различные категории хозяйств из племенных предприятий было продано 35517 голов племенного молодняка, в том числе 6388 ремонтных бычка с классами элита и элита-рекорд (85,3). В 2018 году было продано племенного молодняка в расчете на 100 коров галловейской породы 33,0 головы, казахской белоголовой 29,1 герефордской 28,0 калмыцкой 22,2 лимузинской 15,5 абердин ангусской 8,8 русской комолой 8,2 и симментальской мясной 4,7 голов. На основании мониторинга состояния мясного скотоводства страны за 20102018 годы были намечены перспективы дальнейшего развития.The article considers the state and prospects of development of beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation. The number of livestock, breed composition and productivity of beef cattle in all categories of farms was monitored, the scale and volumes of bonding of cattle for the studied 9-year period (20102018) were studied. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, in 2018 the number of cattle in the country amounted to more than 18 million heads, including the number of cattle of specialized meat breeds in all categories of farms reached 2.26 million heads. A comprehensive assessment of the number of livestock in the amount of 711.16 thousand animals or 34.1 of the total number of beef cattle, including: cows 389.8 thousand heads belonging to 15 breeds and types bred in 57 regions of the Russian Federation, showed that the largest controlled livestock are: Aberdeen Angus breed 417545 animals, Kalmyk 1372726 animals, Hereford 87278 animals and Kazakh white-headed breed 52563 animals. Almost all of the controlled livestock of animals is purebred and IV generation, including: respectively 99.7 of bulls producers and 99.3 of cows. The analysis of live mass of a livestock revealed a tendency to its increase at cows of all age on average on 54 kg, bulls on 39 kgor for 16.7 and 5.2 for the last 9 years respectively. The live mass of cows following the results of 2018 averaged 546 kg, bulls 791 kg. As of January 1, 2019, the breeding base of beef cattle breeding in the country is represented by 270 breeding herds, including: 46 breeding plants and 224 breeding reproducers. In 2018, 35,517 heads of pedigree young animals were sold to various categories of farms from pedigree enterprises, including 6,388 repair bulls with elite classes and an elite record record for appraisal (85.3). An analysis of the sales volume of pedigree young animals in the context of farmed meat breeds showed that in 2018 pedigree young animals per 100 cows were sold in the country: Galloveian breed 33.0 goals, Kazakh white-headed 29.1 goals, Hereford 28, 0 goals., Kalmyk 22.2 goals., Limousin 15.5 goals., Aberdeen Angus 8.8 goals, Russian kolola 8.2 and Simmental meat 4.7 goals. Based on the monitoring of the state of beef cattle breeding in the country for the study period (20102018), prospects for further development were outlined.

scholarly journals On the Use of MOFs and ALD Layers as Nanomembranes for the Enhancement of Gas Sensors Selectivity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weber ◽  
Graniel ◽  
Balme ◽  
Miele ◽  
Bechelany
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Gases

Improving the selectivity of gas sensors is crucial for their further development. One effective route to enhance this key property of sensors is the use of selective nanomembrane materials. This work aims to present how metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be applied as nanomembranes to separate different gases, and hence improve the selectivity of gas sensing devices. First, the fundamentals of the mechanisms and configuration of gas sensors will be given. A selected list of studies will then be presented to illustrate how MOFs and ALD materials can be implemented as nanomembranes and how they can be implemented to improve the operational performance of gas sensing devices. This review comprehensively shows the benefits of these novel selective nanomaterials and opens prospects for the sensing community.

Mechanical Modeling of Thin Films and Cover Plates Bonded to Graded Substrates

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet A. Guler
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Interfacial Shear Stress ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Elastic Continuum ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Axial Normal Stress ◽  
Cover Plates

In this study, the contact problems of thin films and cover plates are considered. In these problems, the loading consists of any one or combination of stresses caused by uniform temperature changes and temperature excursions, far field mechanical loading, and residual stresses resulting from film processing or welding. The primary interest in this study is in examining stress concentrations or singularities near the film ends for the purpose of addressing the question of crack initiation and propagation in the substrate or along the interface. The underlying contact mechanics problem is formulated by assuming that the film is a “membrane” and the substrate a graded elastic continuum, and is solved analytically by reducing it to an integral equation. The calculated results are the interfacial shear stress between the film and the graded substrate, the Mode II stress intensity factor at the end of the film, and the axial normal stress in the film. The results indicate that grading the material properties of the substrate helps to decrease the film stresses and the stress intensity factors at the free edges and to lower the axial normal stresses at the midsection where the film is most likely to crack.

scholarly journals INCREASE OF COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONDITIONS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ENTERPRISES OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Айгуль Клычова ◽  
Augul Klychova ◽  
Салават Гирфанов ◽  
Salavat Girfanov ◽  
Гульнара Крупина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Stochastic Conditions ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
Further Development

The development of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan in the current economic conditions is a key element in the formation of food security and the competitiveness of the region. Further achievement of competitiveness is possible in terms of further development of the corporate approach, methods and management tools, that will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan. The article considers the corporate governance features, which consists in the search by enterprises of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan for further sectoral parameters of development for sustainable economic growth, taking into account the stochastic conditions of activity, enterprises of this sector of the economy.

scholarly journals Stress Sources In Preschool Teachers In The City Of Zagreb/Izvori stresa kod odgojitelja u Gradu Zagrebu

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kozjak Dragčević ◽  
Siniša Opić
Keyword(s):  
Work Stress ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Kindergarten Educators ◽  
Stress At Work ◽  
As Stress ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Assessment Of Stress

The paper investigates the sources of stress at work of kindergarten educators. Its aim is to explore various sources of stress in kindergartens in the City of Zagreb, as well as stress intensity regarding years of work and education group in which they have been working. The study involved 257 educators from Zagreb, aged 22 to 65. For research purposes, the Scale of Assessment of Stress at Work of the Educators was used. The scale describes situations the educators meet daily and asks them to estimate to what extent particular situation is stressful. The research has shown that the greatest intensity of stress in educators is caused by parent behaviour. Additionally, prolonged work experience reduces stress in certain situations. The research results contribute to a better understanding of the work of educators and specific sources of stress in their work environment. They should help in further development of recognition, prevention and solution measures.Key words: stress sources at work; stress in the educator; stress at the workplaceOvaj rad proučava izvore stresa na poslu odgojitelja u dječjem vrtiću. Cilj rada je istražiti različite izvore stresa u dječjim vrtićima na području Grada Zagreba te njihov intenzitet s obzirom na godine staža i odgojnu skupinu u kojoj trenutno rade. U ispitivanju je sudjelovalo 257 odgojitelja iz Zagreba u dobi od 22 do 65 godina. Za potrebe istraživanja koritena je Skala procjene stresa na poslu odgojitelja. Skalom su opisane situacije s kojima se odgojitelji svakodnevno susreću te su morali procijeniti u kojoj je mjeri određena situacija stresna za njih. Istraživanje je pokazalo da najveći intenzitet stresa kod odgojitelja izazivaju ponaanja roditelja. Također, porastom radnog iskustva smanjuje se stres u određenim situacijama. Rezultati istraživanja pridonose boljem razumijevanju posla od odgojitelja i specifičnim izvorima stresa za njihovo radno okruženje. Oni pomažu u daljnjim mogućnostima razvoja mjera prepoznavanja, prevencije i rjeenja. Ključne riječi: izvori stresa na poslu; stres kod odgojitelja; stres na radnom mjestu

scholarly journals ARKEOLOGI, PUBLIK, DAN MEDIA SOSIAL DI MALUKU

KALPATARU ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Marlon Ririmasse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Archaeological Knowledge ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Further Development

Abstract. Social media has become a tool that links almost all aspects of human life, from the technology of information to the cultural segment where archaeology is part of it. For more than two decades, social media not only has become an informal place to encounter and exchange of ideas but also holds important role to share about archeological knowledge to the public in Maluku. This paper attempts to observe the correlation between archaeology and social media to support the effort of expanding the archaological knowledge and cultural history in Maluku. The method used in this research is literature study. The results of the study indicates that social media has become one of the main agents in the publication of archaeological knowledge in Maluku and is very prospective for further development. Keywords: Archaeology, public, social media, Maluku  Abstrak. Media sosial telah menjadi wahana yang bertautan dengan hampir seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia saat ini mulai dari ranah teknologi informasi hingga segmen kebudayaan, termasuk di dalamnya disiplin arkeologi. Sudah lebih dari dua dekade media sosial tidak saja menjadi ruang informal perjumpaan dan pertukaran gagasan, tetapi telah menjelma menjadi motor efektif yang turut menggerakkan dinamika akademis disiplin arkeologi, termasuk menjadi agen bagi interaksi arkeologi dan masyarakat. Media sosial berperan sebagai salah satu ruang paling efektif dalam meluaskan pengetahuan arkeologi bagi publik juga masuk di Maluku. Makalah ini mencoba mengamati hubungan disiplin arkeologi dan media sosial bagi perluasan pengetahuan arkeologi dan sejarah budaya untuk masyarakat di Maluku. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka. Hasil studi menemukan bahwa media sosial telah menjadi salah satu agen utama dalam publikasi pengetahuan arkeologi di Maluku dan prospektif untuk terus dikembangkan ke depan.Kata kunci: Arkeologi, publik, media sosial, Maluku

Managerial Perspective of E-Resources in Academic Libraries

2015 ◽  
pp. 1763-1786
Author(s):  
V. J. Suseela
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
The World ◽  
Optimum Utilization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Managerial Perspective

The rapid increase of e-resources together with several value-based applications has been gradually superseding the traditional means of communication in almost all parts of the world. The transformation enforced government-funded consortia to build ICT environments in academic institutions and created a pressing demand on the libraries for increasing their acquisitions. The bundled (packages) resources available to libraries through several means are raising issues about their usefulness, real benefit as per user's preferences, and also the usage. Issues of the kind invariably require thought, exceptional policy decisions, and implementing standard procedures for the optimum utilization of expensive resources and their management. The chapter discusses the features of e-resources, challenges encountered by the library administrators, the existing and innovative practices in their evaluation and organization, while highlighting the supporting technologies and integrated management tools emerging as per the latest requirements of academic institutions.

Meeting Czech Knowledge Management Challenges Head-On

2010 ◽  
pp. 20-46
Author(s):  
Richard Brunet-Thornton ◽  
Vladimír Bureš
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Implementation Methodology ◽  
The University ◽  
Further Development

In the Czech Republic, Knowledge Management-related problems occur at all knowledge stages with difficulties more predominant at an organisational level. In principal, they originate from the lack of an utilisable and detailed KM implementation methodology; varying perceptions of KM coupled with the notion, that KM equates and is limited to information technologies and the like. As a reaction to these problems, the Faculty of Informatics and Management at the University of Hradec Králové (FIM UHK) developed a new KM implementation methodology. It aims to provide interested parties with a set of ground rules distributed among a number of phases. Further development is underway to elaborate the method by integrating project management tools, benchmarking exercises and critical success factors. Despite this endeavour, there is an on-going need for further research given the reality that small and medium sized enterprises constitute the majority of organisations in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Design solutions overview of single-stage universal gear reducers

2020 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Milan Rackov ◽  
Siniša Kuzmanović ◽  
Ivan Knežević ◽  
Maja Čavić ◽  
Marko Penčić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Further Development

Today, for almost all products, the appearance is very important. Thus, for example, the appearance of universal gear reducers was not given so much attention, but today there are many very interesting solutions of shape, colour and graphic design. It should have in mind that universal gear reducers have much complex construction comparing them with special gear reducers. In the same time, they have to provide different positions and way of mounting and different speeds with different powers (torques) at the output shaft. Particularly, it should be noticed, that within all universal gear reducers single-stage gear units are nowadays increasingly used because their gear ratio values are increased (values of gear ratio can go up to 15) so that these reducers largely cover most of the two-stage gear reducers with their gear ratio values, so thereby their exploitation is significantly increased. Single-stage gear reducers are very simple products, and today there is a large number of manufacturers of such product. However, their mounting dimensions and way of mounting are not defined by a standard, so there is a variety of units with different dimensions and way of mounting. Although, most manufacturers look up to dimensions of leading manufacturers (usually SEW) in order to ensure greater exchangeability of their gear units. It is interesting to note, that most manufacturers tend to adopt the design of housing that will be substantially different from competing solutions. The reason is probably to avoid the possibility of being accused of copying someone else’s solution. However, there are manufacturers that retain almost identical housing design as a competing solution (probably they bought the licence or the solution is copied without permission). This paper considers only the design solutions of single-stage gear reducer in order to indicate the expected directions of their further development.

The Financial Crisis, Basel Accords and Bank Regulations: An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Mona A. ElBannan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Information Transparency ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Basel Accords ◽  
As Stress

This theoretical study presents the different phases for the evolution of Basel Accords since 1988, and the continual efforts of Basel Committee on banking supervision to set out an effective framework to improve the banking sector governance and performance. In literature, compliance with Basel requirements concerning minimum capital requirements, powerful supervision and effective market discipline through information transparency and disclosure have attracted many researchers to study its impact on bank performance and cost of capital. In spite of the risk-based capital adequacy, regulatory and supervisory requirements set by Basel Accords, the financial crisis 2007, which causes instability and turmoil in the whole banking sector, was induced mainly by weak risk management measures, such as stress testing and other risk management tools that were unable to forecast the losses and the adverse unexpected outcomes and determine the size of capital needed to overcome severe shocks.

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