scholarly journals Static dynamic stability of the body of rhythmic gymnastics female athletes at the stage of specialized basic training

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Yana Kovalenko ◽  
Viktor Boloban
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Instructional Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Common Center ◽  
The Common

Objective. To assess biomechanical measures of static dynamic stability of the body of rhythmic gymnastics female athletes in the basic balances at the stage of specialized basic training. Methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature, methodological and practical experience of the trainers; method of expert assessments using video analysis of the technique of performing basic balances; stabiloanalyzer "Stabilan 01-2" to record the movements of the common center of pressure (COP) of the feet on the support, i.e. the coordinates at different time points that reflect the features of static dynamic stability. Three basic balance tests were performed. The study involved young female gymnasts of the Republican Complex Children and Youth Sports School "Avangard" (Kуiv) aged 10-14 years (n = 30), of which 20 athletes have the rank of Candidate for Master of Sport and 10 gymnasts have the rank of First-Class Sportsman. Results. It has been found that, at the stage of specialized basic training, female athletes in rhythmic gymnastics, along with a stable demonstration of competitive compositions, have technical errors that are associated with an insufficient level of development of sensorimotor coordination, orientation in space and time, and static dynamic stability of the body. Indicators of biomechanical analysis of stabilograms, which were recorded during the performance of the basic balances by the subjects, show that stability control is achieved both through macro and micro-oscillations of the body, as well as the controlled ratio of the trajectory lengths of the common center of pressure on the support along the frontal and sagittal line. In some gymnasts, when performing basic tests, displacements along frontal and sagittal lines approached the ratio of 1:1 that indicates the effective formation of a system of symmetric motor actions for the control of static dynamic stability. Conclusion. On the basis of individual measures of static dynamical stability of the body of rhythmic gymnastics female athletes at the stage of specialized basic training, an instructional program of exercises should be developed that will be aimed at development and improvement of static dynamic stability of the body using the technology of biological feedback in the system gymnast–stabilograph. Key words: rhythmic gymnastic, basic training, balances, body stability, technique, stabilography, competitive compositions.

Biomechanical Analysis on the Foot under Normal and Abnormal Gait for Orthotics Design

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 2179-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Ok Lee ◽  
Young Shin Lee ◽  
Se Hoon Lee ◽  
Young Jin Choi ◽  
Soung Ha Park
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Analysis System

The foot plays an important role in supporting the body and keeping body balance. An abnormal walking habit breaks the balance of the human body as well as the function of the foot. The foot orthotics which is designed to consider biomechanics effectively distributes the load of the human body on the sole of the foot. In this paper, gait analysis is performed for subjects wearing the orthotics. In this study, three male subjects were selected. The experimental apparatus consists of a plantar pressure analysis system and digital EMG system. The gait characteristics are simulated by ADAMS/LifeMOD. The COP (Center of Pressure), EMG and ground reaction force were investigated. As a result of gait analysis, the path of COP was improved and muscle activities were decreased with orthotics on the abnormal walking subjects.

Optimization of the pre-starting state of athletes in rhythmic gymnastics at the initial stage of basic training

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
N. Andreieva ◽  
O. Onikiienko
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Starting State ◽  
Situational Anxiety

Against the background of intensifying competition in the international arena, the demands placed on female athletes in rhythmic gymnastics are growing, which requires the formation of female athletes' ability to self-control and self-regulation. The purpose of the article is to substantiate and develop an algorithm for optimizing the pre-start condition of young gymnasts at the stage of preliminary basic training. Research methods: analysis, systematization and generalization of data of scientific literature, methods of assessment of Spielberger-Khanin situational anxiety, statistical analysis. The study involved 10 gymnasts who train at the stage of basic preliminary training (8-12 years), who took part in the International Competition "Dmitrash Cup 2021". Result. It is proved that the average assessment of situational anxiety of young gymnasts in the pre-competition period is statistically significant (p <0.05) increases from 19.3 to 35.1 points. The most effective in the training process of gymnasts at the stage of initial basic training methods and techniques to combat the state of pre-start overstrain: psychological and pedagogical, hardware means of influence, methods of relaxation and mobilization and psychophysiological influences. An algorithm for optimizing the pre-start state of female athletes in rhythmic gymnastics at the initial stage of basic training, namely the establishment of the type of temperament of the athlete, the diagnosis of her pre-start state, the application of methods of regulation of pre-start states. The prospect of further research is the development of methods for optimizing the pre-start condition of athletes in rhythmic gymnastics and the formation of their skills of self-regulation in the training process at the stage of initial basic training.

Elements usage of jazz gymnastics in the choreographic training of 12–14 years old “rhythmic” gymnasts

2019 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Vera Boldyreva ◽  
Aleksandr Keyno ◽  
Mikhail Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

The Russian school of gymnastics is distinguished by the high performing skills of female athletes, a wide range of styles, the composition integrity, which is achieved with the help of choreographic training. The concept of “choreography” includes everything that relates to the art of classical, folk, historical and everyday, modern dance. Choreographic training in gymnastics is understood as a system of exercises and influence methods aimed at nurturing the motor culture of the gymnasts, at expanding their arsenal of expressive means. In addition, when practicing chore-ography, flexibility and coordination of movements develops, strengthens the musculoskeletal system, increases the density of the workout, which has a positive effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the body, contributes to the development of special endurance. Along with this, choreography lessons solve technical training problems: mastering various elements and combinations, an individual image in the composition. To create an image, expressiveness is in-dispensable, which is inextricably linked with the beauty of the movements, grace, dancing character, etc. A choreographer in rhythmic gymnastics has to work with a constant shortage of time, since choreographic training is only part of the training process. This time is not enough for the full development of the “rhythmic” gymnasts’ choreography. A characteristic feature of training in jazz gymnastics is the performing of exercises that fully activate the body’s motor system, with the participation of the greatest possible number of muscle groups. Also for those engaged in jazz gymnastics is characteristic dynamism, expression, together with wide and smooth movements. The nature of the movements is expressive. All this contributes to the development of “rhythmic” gymnasts’ choreography. Analysis of scientific literature and practical experience indicates the lack of jazz gymnastics use in the choreographic training of “rhythmic” gymnasts. Our research is related to the development of this particular direction, which determines its relevance.

scholarly journals The static dynamic stability of the athlete's body as the basis for effective motor activity in unexpected situations (based on the materials of hand-to-hand combat)

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Yurii Litvinenko ◽  
Aleksei Nikitenko
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Body Center ◽  
High Level ◽  
Motor Actions

Objective. To perform biomechanical analysis and to assess the peculiarities of static dynamic stability of the body in athletes of different qualification who perform motor actions in unexpected and rapidly changing situations (based on the materials of hand-to-hand combat). Methods. Analysis of specialized scientific and methodological literature; biomechanical analysis of human body movements using the system of 3D kinematic analysis "Qualisys" and synchronized force platform "Kistler"; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The biomechanics of static dynamic stability of the body was studied during execution of motor tasks in unexpected situations of hand-to-hand combat. A series of strikes performed by highly qualifi ed athletes is characterized by a rational distribution of the fighter's efforts in the direction of the strike with the appropriate minimization of lateral movements and vertical displacements of the body center of gravity. The motor actions are accompanied by the rapid stabilization of the body between the phases of strike movements and, especially, in the final stage, that allows the fighter to promptly make subsequent decisions and translate them into the required motor actions, which are appropriate to the changing conditions. The data of measurements indicated a high level of static dynamic stability of the body. Achievement of model values of motor actions of the fi ghters is associated with the development and the use of special local programs for the development and improvement of the "motor field" as a basis for technical preparation and technical preparedness of athletes. Conclusion. Maintenance of static dynamic stability when executing motor actions in unexpected and constantly changing situations is associated with the use of special training programs focused on expanding and deepening the motor memory and the “motor field” as the most important components of the athletes' technical preparedness.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF STABILOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN THE HEAD TURN TEST IN STUDENT-ATHLETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
S Sedochenko ◽  
A Chernykh ◽  
O Savinkova
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Root Mean Square Deviation ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Function ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Square Deviation ◽  
Common Center ◽  
The Common

Aim. The article deals with studying the dynamics of stabilometric parameters during head turns in college students involved in symmetrical sports. Materials and methods. Third-year college students (n = 24) involved in symmetrical sports (volleyball, basketball, rowing, swimming) participated in the study.  The average age is 18.2 years.  The study of stabilometric parameters was carried out following the procedure of the “Head turn test”. Results. In a basic European stance, we registered a shift of the common center of pressure (CP) to the back and the left. The parameters of balance had average values. The quality of balance function was 89.43%; movement values were 63.08 rad/s. During right head turns we registered the increase of the CP root-mean-square deviation along the frontal line. During left head turns we registered a statistically significant increase of the CP root-mean-square deviation along the frontal line with a shift of the common center of pressure to the back, a statistically significant decrease of balance function to 79.35%, and a parallel increase of movement values to 74.08 rad/s, which prove balance worsening. Conclusion. Left and right head turns provoke different dynamics of the parameters studied. In particular, there are changes in deviation values. Movement values and the quality of balance function had statistically significant differences only during left head turns. It proves balance worsening in a European stance in college students involved in dynamic sports. The analysis of the CP root-mean-square deviation allows us to conclude that students had circulation disturbance in the vessels of the vertebrobasilar artery to the right.

scholarly journals DISTANT MOTOR EFFECTS OF DISCONTINUATION OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (36) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bieniaszewska ◽  
Ewa Gajewska ◽  
Wojciech Manikowski ◽  
Barbara Steinborn
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Motor Effects ◽  
Female Gymnasts

Introduction Rhythmic gymnastics is a discipline intended only for women with above-average motor skills such as speed, coordination and jumping ability. Advanced training begins in early childhood, and the selection of candidates is motivated by innate predispositions required by coaches, i.e. appropriate physical conditions, adaptation of the body to exercise and sense of rhythm. Selected gymnasts train by learning to perfectly perform routines with devices such as a ball, ribbon, rope, clubs or hoops. Aim The aim of the study is t show distant motor effects of discontinuation of rhythmic gymnastics. Material and methods Two groups of female gymnasts were compared in the study. The first of them consisted of current training, competitive gymnasts, while the other – female athletes who stopped practicing this discipline. The study checked, among others, the occurrence of possible injuries, pain and their location as well as the consequences of discontinuation of training. All of the obtained results were compared between the groups. Results Currently, training gymnasts suffer from less pain than former female gymnasts, however, already at such a young age, they experience first problems both in the spine and lower limbs. In both groups, the most common conditions are hypermobility, spinal overload syndromes and ankle sprains. Conclusions The results of former female gymnasts clearly show that problems with former female gymnasts are a consequence of practicing rhythmic gymnastics, and their intensity increases over time, leading to long-term effects of practicing this discipline. Keywords: rhythmic gymnastics, sports injuries, consequences of competitive sports, early competitive training.

The Common as Body Without Organs

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Vidar Thorsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Body Without Organs ◽  
Social Factory ◽  
The Common

The paper explores the relation of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's work to that of Deleuze and Guattari. The main focus is on Hardt and Negri's concept of ‘the common’ as developed in their most recent book Commonwealth. It is argued that the common can complement what Nicholas Thoburn terms the ‘minor’ characteristics of Deleuze's political thinking while also surpassing certain limitations posed by Hardt and Negri's own previous emphasis on ‘autonomy-in-production’. With reference to Marx's notion of real subsumption and early workerism's social-factory thesis, the discussion circles around showing how a distinction between capital and the common can provide a basis for what Alberto Toscano calls ‘antagonistic separation’ from capital in a more effective way than can the classical capital–labour distinction. To this end, it is demonstrated how the common might benefit from being understood in light of Deleuze and Guattari's conceptual apparatus, with reference primarily to the ‘body without organs’ of Anti-Oedipus. It is argued that the common as body without organs, now understood as constituting its own ‘social production’ separate from the BwO of capital, can provide a new basis for antagonistic separation from capital. Of fundamental importance is how the common potentially invents a novel regime of qualitative valorisation, distinct from capital's limitation to quantity and scarcity.

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS HOOP THROWS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Raluca Tanasa
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Groups ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Female Gymnasts ◽  
Execution Technique ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Throws and catches in rhythmic gymnastics represent one of the fundamental groups of apparatus actuation. They represent for the hoop actions of great showmanship, but also elements of risk. The purpose of this paper is to improve the throw execution technique through biomechanical analysis in order to increase the performance of female gymnasts in competitions. The subjects of this study were 8 gymnasts aged 9-10 years old, practiced performance Rhythmic Gymnastics. The experiment consisted in video recording and the biomechanical analysis of the element “Hoop throw, step jump and catch”. After processing the video recordings using the Simi Motion software, we have calculated and obtained values concerning: launch height, horizontal distance and throwing angle between the arm and the horizontal. Pursuant to the data obtained, we have designed a series of means to improve the execution technique for the elements comprised within the research and we have implemented them in the training process. Regarding the interpretation of the results, it may be highlighted as follows: height and horizontal distance in this element have values of the correlation coefficient of 0.438 and 0.323, thus a mean significance of 0.005. The values of the arm/horizontal angle have improved for all the gymnasts, the correlation coefficient being 0.931, with a significance of 0.01. As a general conclusion, after the results obtained, it may be stated that the means introduced in the experiment have proven their efficacy, which has led to the optimisation of the execution technique, thus confirming the research hypothesis.

scholarly journals Using Different Combinations of Body-Mounted IMU Sensors to Estimate Speed of Horses—A Machine Learning Approach

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Hamed Darbandi ◽  
Filipe Serra Bragança ◽  
Berend Jan van der Zwaag ◽  
John Voskamp ◽  
Annik Imogen Gmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Speed Estimation ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Measurement Units

Speed is an essential parameter in biomechanical analysis and general locomotion research. It is possible to estimate the speed using global positioning systems (GPS) or inertial measurement units (IMUs). However, GPS requires a consistent signal connection to satellites, and errors accumulate during IMU signals integration. In an attempt to overcome these issues, we have investigated the possibility of estimating the horse speed by developing machine learning (ML) models using the signals from seven body-mounted IMUs. Since motion patterns extracted from IMU signals are different between breeds and gaits, we trained the models based on data from 40 Icelandic and Franches-Montagnes horses during walk, trot, tölt, pace, and canter. In addition, we studied the estimation accuracy between IMU locations on the body (sacrum, withers, head, and limbs). The models were evaluated per gait and were compared between ML algorithms and IMU location. The model yielded the highest estimation accuracy of speed (RMSE = 0.25 m/s) within equine and most of human speed estimation literature. In conclusion, highly accurate horse speed estimation models, independent of IMU(s) location on-body and gait, were developed using ML.

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