scholarly journals FIGURATIVE CONSTITUENTS OF THE CONCEPT COLOR IN SPANISH AND UKRAINIAN (BASED ON FICTION TEXTS)

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Lesnevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Gabriel Garcia Marquez ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Camilo Jose Cela ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Color Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

The article features the results of a contrastive analysis of the figurative characteristics of color terms as elements of the conceptual worldview of Spaniards and Ukrainians. In this regard we consider the following topics: concept COLOR as a cross-object of conceptology, linguistic culture and discourse; color terms as an element of the conceptual worldview of Spaniards and Ukrainians; ethno-specific contrasts of the figurative constituents of the color terms black, white, red, blue, yellow, green in Spanish and Ukrainian in fiction. This study explores the linguocultural concept of COLOR from the cognitive, ethno-cultural and discursive perspectives, and therefore the concept can be considered as the subject matter of such disciplines as anthropology, linguocultural science and discourse theory. The corpus of the study was formed using the continuous sampling method from multi-genre prose written by contemporary Spanish (Carlos Ruiz Zafón, Camilo José Cela, Gabriel García Márquez) and Ukrainian (Yurii Andrukhovych, Lyubko Deresh, Oksana Zabuzhko) writers. A common feature of the color term black in Spanish and Ukrainian fiction is its use in the description of human blood and its altered states. The color terms black and white characterizing such concepts as NIGHT, DEATH, EYES can be observed in the individual authors’ worldview of Spanish-speaking and Ukrainian writers despite the non-contiguous nature of the two languages and cultures. In the Spanish linguistic culture, the color term blue is used as an image of DEATH and LONELINESS, whereas in Ukrainian – as an image of RAGE, TENSION and ILLNESS.

scholarly journals THE COLOR TERMS FOR BLACK AND WHITE IN BULGARIAN, POLISH AND LITHUANIAN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Nadelina IVOVA
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Cultural Connotation ◽  
Color Term ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
The Way

The present paper is contrastive analysis of Bulgarian, Polish and Lithuanian phraseological units containing a color term naming black or white. It traces the way these components reflect the figurative meaning of the unit - through their color semantics or through their function as a cultural signs. The study classiffiеs Bulgarian, Polish and Lithuanian expressions as to their belongings to several groups, which refer to different concepts. In each group the comparison of the examples found in the three phraseological subsystems is based on their semantics, their lexical components and structure. Under observations are substantive, adjectival, adverbial and verbal phraseological units where the colors are used only as an adjective component. The analysis takes into consideration that black has negative symbolism and cultural connotations. Thus the phraseological units with black are linked mainly to the concepts such as death, sorrow, bad life, misfortune. The text suggests that color term for black is rarely used to express neutral or positive meanings. The white has a positive cultural connotation associated to whiteness, light, good life, goodness, but its meaning can vary to neutral or negative in phraseological system of the three languages. The present paper observes similarities of collected phraseological expressions and emphasizes their nation-specific features.

scholarly journals VALENCE OF PREDICATES IN THE ACTIVE-PASSIVE TRANSFORMATION IN GERMAN AND UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Tsymbalista L.R.
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Decisive Effect ◽  
Modern Fiction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

Валентність предиката має вирішальний вплив на структуру речення. Хоча активний і пасивний варіанти речення опису-ють одну й ту ж ситуацію, предикат проходить крізь трансформацію, яка тісно пов’язана з явищем валентності. У цій статті проаналізовано валентність предиката та її вплив на цю трансформацію у німецькій та українській мовах на прикладах із сучасної літератури.Мета. Метою статті є порівняння трансформації «актив – пасив» у німецькій та українській мовах та опис ролі валентності у цьому процесі.Методи. Для проведення дослідження було зібрано методом суцільної вибірки приклади пасивних конструкцій із сучас-них художніх текстів німецькою та українською мовами, які опісля було оброблено та проаналізовано з використанням типо-логічного, зіставного, описового методів, а також методу моделювання.Валентність предиката проявляється у його здатності формувати зв’язки з іншими елементами в реченні та дає змогу передбачити додаткові позиції у синтаксичній структурі речення, які можуть бути заповнені обов’язковими чи факультатив-ними компонентами. Для предиката властиві два типи валентності, які залежать від позиції поширювачів у реченні. Якщо лівобічну позицію переважно пов’язують із суб’єктом, то правобічна зазвичай стосується актантів з об’єктним, адресатним, локативним чи інструментальним значеннями.Результати. Зважаючи на те, що одна й та ж функція пасивних конструкцій у німецькій та українській мовах реалізується різними формами, валентні зміни у кожній з конструкцій мають свої особливості. Спільною рисою цих перетворень виступає зменшення облігаторних актантів на одну одиницю, яка може бути заповнена факультативно у разі комунікативної потреби у інформації про виконавця дії.Висновки. Можна зробити висновок, що валентність предиката є багатогранним феноменом, що підлягає впливу не лише формально-граматичних, а й семантико-синтаксичних чинників, а також мовленнєвої ситуації загалом. Відповідно, змін у валентності предикатів протягом трансформації з активу у пасив не можна уникнути. The valence of the predicate has a decisive effect on the structure of the sentence. Although the active and passive variant of the sentence describes the same situation, the predicate goes through a transformation that also has to do with valence. This article analyzes the valency of the predicate and its influence on such transformation in German and Ukrainian based on the examples from modern literature.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to compare the active-passive transformation in German and Ukrainian and to describe the role of valence in this process.Methods. For the research, we collected the examples of passive constructions from modern fiction in German and Ukrainian using the continuous sampling method, which were then processed and analyzed using typological, comparative, descriptive methods as well as the modelling method.The valence of the predicate verb shows in its ability to connect with other sentence elements and enables the prediction of the additional positions in the syntactic structure of the sentence, which can be supplemented by mandatory or optional components. The predicate is characterized by two types of valence, which depend on the position of the fillers in the sentence: the left-hand position is mainly connected the subject of the utterance, and the right-hand position has to do with actants which define object, addressee, location or have instrumental meaning.Results. Due to the fact that the same function of passive constructions in German and Ukrainian is realized in different forms, the valence changes in each of the constructions have their own features. A common feature of these transformations is the reduction of obligatory actants by one unit, which can be filled in optionally in case of communicative need for information about the performer of the action.Conclusions. We reach the conclusion that the valence of the predicate is a multilevel phenomenon that is influenced not only by formal grammatical but also by semantic and syntactic factors as well as the language situation in general. Accordingly, changes in the valence of predicates during the active-passive transformation are inevitable.

scholarly journals Terminological nomination in modern fields of knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 21012
Author(s):  
Irina Valujtseva ◽  
Olga Ivanova ◽  
Ilya Khukhuni ◽  
Anna Fedosova
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The Subject

The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the terminological nomination using the example of multiword terms of the English sublanguage of oil and gas processing. The oil and gas glossary Kashagan Development Project Glossary that comprises 1200 units has been used as the research material. Multiword terms have been selected with the application of the continuous sampling method. As a result of the employment of the method of linguistic statistics, it was discovered that, in the sub-language of oil and gas processing, the multiword terms constitute 73% of the entire termbase of the subject area. The structural analysis of terminological phrases demonstrated that the most common type of multiword terms is the two-word terms, comprising 45.2% of the total number of poly-lexemic constructions in the studied sample. This result is consistent with the data obtained by other authors, namely, the information concerning the fact that two-word combinations prevail in various term systems. As the number of components in a multiword term increases, the number of such word combinations in a scientific text decreases. The most common patterns of two-word terminological combinations are N + N and A + N. Three-word terms compose 40% of the total number of the studied terminological phrases. The following patterns of three-word terms are productive: N + N + N and A + N + N. Four-word terminological phrases constitute 12.3%. The most frequently used pattern of four-word combinations is N + N + N + N. Five-word terms comprise 2.4% of the total number of terms. The most common patterns of five-word terms are N + N + A + N + N and A + N + N + N.

scholarly journals Color Conceptosphere of the Story “Meshcherskaya Side” by K. Paustovsky

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Sivova
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Compatibility Analysis ◽  
Color Spectrum ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Color Sequence ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is to reconstruct a fragment of K. Paustovsky’s coloristic picture of the world on the material of the story “Mescherskaya side”, which had not previously become the subject of special research carried out from the standpoint of linguistics of color, which determines the scientific novelty of this work. The research methodology is based on the descriptive and analytical method, the method of compatibility analysis, the method of contextual analysis, quantitative data processing. As the result of the research 1) the composition of color concepts, actualized by the writer in color chronotope creation, was revealed; only the color core of the story is represented by 24 color terms; 2) the dominants of the story color spectrum (black, green, gray) were determined; this color sequence is unique: it is recorded in Paustovsky’s works for the first time; 3) the color dominants denotative spheres (predominantly nature, artifacts, man) were established; 4) the functional potential of color terms was described; it includes the ontological function, the species function, the terminological function, as well as the function of temporal meaning transfer, the evaluative function, the aestheticization one; 5) the individual author’s specificity of artistic perception and reality coloristic visualization was revealed; among the significant color individual features are multicolor effect, non-stereotyped color characteristics, color associativity. The results obtained make it possible to create a comprehensive description of the story’s color conceptosphere.

scholarly journals Calibration of Photometry from the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on Gemini North

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Standard Star ◽  
Primary Mirror ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
User Community ◽  
Color Term ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Zero Points

AbstractAll available observations of photometric standard stars obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph at Gemini North in the period from August 2001 to December 2003 have been used to establish the calibrations for photometry obtained with the instrument. The calibrations presented in this paper are based on significantly more photometric standard star observations than usually used by the individual users. Nightly photometric zero points as well as color terms are determined. The color terms are expected to be valid for all observations taken prior to UT 2004 November 21 at which time the Gemini North primary mirror was coated with silver instead of aluminium. While the nightly zero points are accurate to 0.02 mag or better (random errors), the accuracy of the calibrations is limited by systematic errors from so-called ‘sky concentration’, an effect seen in all focal reducer instruments. We conclude that an accuracy of 0.035 to 0.05 mag can be achieved by using calibrations derived in this paper. The color terms are strongest for very red objects, e.g. for objects with (r′ – z′) = 3.0 the resulting z′ magnitudes will be ≈0.35 mag too bright if the color term is ignored. The calibrations are of importance to the large Gemini user community with data obtained prior to UT 2004 November 21, as well as future users of achive data from this period in time.

scholarly journals LEXICAL INTERACTIONS IN THE SOCIOLECT OF THE DRIFTING SUBCULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Ekaterina I. Mashtakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
The West ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The Subject

The article deals with the sociolect of the drifting subculture and its lexical features. Like any other, this sociolect not only generates unique lexical units to describe the realities of life of those belonging to the subculture but also contains numerous borrowings of lexemes and lexical constructions from other systems and subsystems of language, such as literary language, substandard language, related terminological and jargon systems. The author analyzed vocabulary collected with the use of the continuous sampling method when viewing numerous videos on the subject of drift. The analysis has shown that the sociolect contains borrowings from literary language, general jargon, sports jargon, motorsport jargon, jargon of car mechanics and substandard language. The presence of a large number of lexemes and lexical structures borrowed from the above-mentioned terminological and jargon systems is due to the mixed composition of carriers of the drifting sociolect. It includes not only pilots, judges and fans but also mechanics, commentators, track staff, as well as street racers. All the above experts and amateurs largely use motorsport, engineering, technical and special sports terms and jargon describing the realities of the subculture under study. As part of the sociolect, borrowings from Japanese and English languages have been found, which is due to the fact that the subculture originated in Japan and then developed in the west. The study has also identified an extensive onomastic system of the sociolect. This system includes both individual and group onyms. The relevance of this article is due to the lack of research on the sociolect and vocabulary of the drifting subculture despite the fact that the subculture itself is becoming increasingly popular.

scholarly journals Subject Variety of the Belgian Paroemias (on Lexicographical Material)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-905
Author(s):  
Polina S. Syomina
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
World View ◽  
National Character ◽  
Generic Concept ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The Subject

This article focuses on the main topics presented in the Belgian paroemias. In the paper, the paroemia is understood as a generic concept in relation to proverbs, sayings and signs. The author’s file of the Belgian French paroemies, taken by a continuous sampling method from the dictionary of proverbs and sayings of the Belgian francophony, is served as the material for the study. It is shown, how paroemias reflect the national character and features of the worldview of certain people. The relevance of the study is due to the necessity of the Belgians paroemiological world view description, because until now the thematic palette and description of the Belgian national character have been the subject of detailed study in neither Russian, nor Belgian linguistics.

scholarly journals The training of an intonation of the emotionally charged speech of F. M. Dostoyevsky’s art characters at classes in Russian as foreign

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
M.V. Zhuravleva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Sentimental Novel ◽  
Emotional Speech ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Great Writer

This article devotes to the practical use of intonational constructions, which are based on emotional speech of main Dostoevsky’s characters. Three autobiographical pieces of work were taken into account: “The notes from death house”, “White nights” and “Netochka Nezvanova”. The first composition of the Great Russian writer was created from his memories when Dostoevsky was imprisonment in Omsk (1850-1854). The death sentence for Dostoevsky's participation in the revolutionary movement, lately changed into imprisonment, being in shackles with other criminals, close acquaintance with the suffering of people made the writer to review his attitude to life. Deep writer’s thoughts, they are colorful and vivid descriptions of life in prison, touching stories about peoples’ destinies. On contrary, “White nights” and “Netochka Nezvanova” are the most poetic stories. “White nights” is a sentimental novel, written by Fyodor Dostoevsky’s flashbacks. He rises the problem of alienation of the individual, and the second work the author highlights the idea of cruel human nature.“I was named a psychologist: this is not true, I am only a realist in the highest sense, i.e I represent all the depths of the human soul” Fyodor Dostoevsky.No doubt, the works I have chosen are not devoid the emotionality, which is the subject of our scientific research. Through the means of continuous sampling, an emotional dialogical speech of the characters was revealed. Using the system of intonational scheme of the Russian linguist E. A. Bryzgunova, the passages of dialogical speech were analyzed and intonated. This work can serve as a teaching aid at the lessons of Russian as a foreign language. It will allow to form the linguistic competence of foreign students of the first and second certification levels, to master all kinds of speech activity, namely: listening, speaking, reading and writing, and finally, to get closer to the work of the great writer F. Dostoyevsky.

scholarly journals СПОСОБИ ТВОРЕННЯ ТЕРМІНІВ ГАЛУЗЕЙ ФІЗІОТЕРАПІЇ ТА ЕРГОТЕРАПІЇ

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Chumakova K.O.
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject

The article deals with the methods of term formation in the fields of physical therapy and ergotherapy which are currently gaining popularity in Ukraine. The research covers the structural and semantic features of the mentioned terminological units.The objective of the research is to study the structural features of these terms in the English language. The mentioned objective, in turn, requires the fulfillment of the following tasks:– to analyze the morphological characteristics which are typical for the researched terminological units;– to identify the main ways of their formation;– to identify the structural models used for the formation of the researched multicomponent terms.The methods applied in this research included both linguistic ones, such as: the continuous sampling method, the method of morphemic analysis and word-building analysis, structural and etymological analysis, and general scientific ones, namely: quantification method, systematization and classification, generalization.The results of the research are defined as: a) the creation of physio- and ergotherapeutic terms glossary; b) the overview of the term formation methods; c) the identification of the most common patterns used to form multicomponent terminological units in the studied fields.Conclusions. Over the past decades, terminological units have become the subject of numerous linguistic studies worldwide. Despite the fact that terminological units belong to the lexical system of the language and, therefore, the methods of their formation are the same as those used for common lexemes formation, the ratio of certain nomination processes can differ. The research demonstrated that the ratio of monolexeme terminological units and polylexeme physio- and ergotherapeutic terms is 20% to 75% respectively. The majority of monolexeme terms are formed by means of affixation. The majority of multicomponent terminological units consist of two elements, and the most frequent pattern is N + N. Abbreviated terms (5% of the total number of the researched terminological units) are used parallelly with their full forms. Статтю присвячено дослідженню способів творення терміноодиниць галузей фізичної терапії та ерготерапії, що наразі набувають популярності в Україні. Дослідження фокусується на структурних і семантичних характеристиках зазначених терміноодиниць.Метою наукової розвідки є дослідження структурних особливостей зазначених термінів в англійській мові. Для її досяг-нення у дослідженні необхідно виконати такі завдання:– проаналізувати морфологічні характеристики, які є типовими для досліджуваних терміноодиниць;– визначити основні способи їх творення;– визначити структурні моделі, що використовуються для творення мультикомпонентних термінологічних одиниць досліджуваної галузі в англійській мові.Методи, використані в дослідженні, включали як суто лінгвістичні (наприклад, метод суцільного вибору, метод морфем-ного та словотворчого аналізу, методи структурно-семантичного й етимологічного аналізу), так і загальнонаукові (наприклад, метод кількісних підрахунків, систематизацію та класифікацію, узагальнення).Результатами цього дослідження є: а) складання глосарію фізіо- та ерготерапевтичних термінів; б) огляд основних мето-дів їх творення в англійській мові; в) визначення найчастіше використовуваних моделей.Висновки. Упродовж останніх десятиліть терміносистеми привертають дедалі більшу увагу лінгвістів. Незважаючи на той факт, що терміноодиниці належать до лексичної системи мови (а отже, для них характерні ті ж способи творення, що застосовуються для творення загальновживаних лексем), співвідношення різних процесів номінації може відрізнятися. Серед досліджених термінів галузі фізіотерапії та ерготерапії в англійській мові 20% представлені монолексемними терміноодини-цями, тоді як 75% є мультикомпонентними термінами. Більшість термінів-слів утворено за допомогою афіксації. Більшість полілексемних одиниць складається з двох елементів, а найбільш уживаною структурою таких термінів є N + N. Абревіатури (5% загальної кількості досліджених терміноодиниць) вживаються паралельно з повними їхніми формами.

INHIBIN A AND HUMAN β-CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN AS PREDICTORS OF EARLY PRE-ECLAMPSIA AT 16–18 WEEKS OF PREGNANCY

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
L.D. Belotserkovtseva ◽  
L.V. Kovalenko ◽  
D.P. Telitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Β Hcg ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the study was to examine the levels of human β-chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and inhibin A, as prognostic criteria for the development of early pre-eclampsia at 16–18 weeks of pregnancy. Materials and Methods. The prospective study included 60 patients with singlet pregnancies who underwent their first prenatal screening at 11–13 weeks. The patients were selected from 300 patients using continuous sampling method. According to the gestation course and outcome, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 45 women with uncomplicated birth, group 2 consisted of 15 women with pre-eclampsia which developed before the 34th week. Based on calculations of the individual pre-eclampsia risks up to the 34th week of pregnancy according to the results of Astraia program (>1:300), women at 16–18 weeks of pregnancy underwent additional examination to determine inhibin A and β-hCG. Results. In both groups, burdened obstetric and somatic anamnesis prevailed. Uterus fibroids and cervical ectopia were significantly more common in women with pre-eclampsia, developed up to the 34th week of pregnancy. Moreover, the threatened miscarriage prevailed in the second trimester. In the group with pre-eclampsia developed up to the 34th week, β-hCG and inhibin A values were, respectively, >35 ng/ml and >260 pg/ml. The indicators were significantly higher than in the uncomplicated birth group. Conclusions. The individual risk of preeclampsia calculated according to the Astraia program up to the 34th week of pregnancy (>1:300) and elevated levels of inhibin A and β-hCG can be considered the predictors of the early pre-eclampsia development. Keywords: early pre-eclampsia, inhibin A, human β-chorionic gonadotropin.

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