scholarly journals SOME QUESTIONS OF THE METHODOLOGY OF HISTORICAL AND LEGAL STUDIES OF THE IDEOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL BASIS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article attempts to systematize the components of the methodology of historical and legal research, which should be applied in the research of the ideological and theoretical basis of implementation of the principle of separation of powers. Consideration of the components of the methodology of historical and legal research was carried out using the example of the Republic of Poland, which has a long history of origin, development and implementation of the idea of separation of powers and today, like Ukraine, is still in the period of its political and legal transformation from a post-communist state to a developed democratic state.

scholarly journals Interpretation of the Principle of Municipality Self-Reliance in the Context of Constitutional Principles of Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Daniluk
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Inherent Feature ◽  
Subsidiarity Principle ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Judicial Protection

Abstract In the science of administrative and constitutional law, administration science and many other sciences, including political science, it is widely accepted that the basic, inherent feature of a municipality, deciding the essence of the territorial self-government unit as an entity of public administration, is the self-reliance it is entitled to. The self-reliance of territorial self-government units is even defined as a constitutional norm. In principle, self-reliance is perceived as a fundamental attribute of a decentralised public authority and constitutes one of the fundamental systemic principles of the Republic of Poland. It was formulated expressis verbis in art. 165 par. 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, which states that the self-reliance of territorial self-government units is subject to judicial protection, meaning that TSGUs can defend themselves against illegal attempts, not grounded in the law to interfere in their self-reliance. This protection seems to encompass both the private-law and public-law spheres of territorial self-government activity. The essence and guarantees of territorial self-government units’ self-reliance also arise from other constitutional principles, including the aforementioned decentralisation principle, subsidiarity principle, separation of powers, supremacy of the nation and democratic state under rule of law. The goal of this article is to interpret the principle of municipal self-reliance in the context of constitutional principles of law, in the light of the Polish Constitution. The studies were conducted based on analysis of normative acts, doctrinal views and case law.

FEATURES OF THE INTERNAL POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF KYRGYZSTAN IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Kanybek A. Kudayarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Kyrgyzstan, like other states of the post-Soviet space, has passed a challenging path in its development since gaining independence. Three de- cades of the republic’s existence in the new geopolitical conditions revealed the peculiarities of its political, socio-economic and cultural evolution, that distinguish the Kyrgyz Republic from the Central Asian neighbours and other republics of Commonwealth of Independent States. Supporting the concept of the history of the Kyrgyz people while preserving certain traditions of the Turkic nomadic civilization has become a fundamental part of the emerging national identity. Another important feature of building the political system in the Kyrgyz Republic is the attempt to create a Western-style democratic state based on its own experience of implementing “nomadic democracy”. The presence of constant zigzag jumps in the evolution of the political system of the republic (i.e., repeated transitions from the presidential form of government to the presidential-parliamentary form and back) can be traced throughout the existence of post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. At the same time, it should be noted that the described processes are due to a special geographical location, which ini- tially affects the formation of the corresponding type of economic management. That in turn, affects the political development of the country.

scholarly journals On the issue of the right of legislative initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Elmira Qazvinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
State Power ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan reflects all the basic principles that characterize a democratic state system. The fundamental law of our country states that the only source of power is the people, and also that the Republic of Azerbaijan is a democratic and legal state, and state power is based on the principle of separation of powers. It is gratifying to note that in addition to political rights, such as the right to elections and referendum, citizens have other opportunities to participate in the exercise of state power, one of which is the right of legislative initiative of citizens.

scholarly journals Taghayyur as a Theoretical Basis of Muslim and Non-Muslim Relations at the Nahdlatul Ulama's Bahthul Masa'il

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-337
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rofiqul A’la ◽  
Rosihon Anwar ◽  
Nurwadjah Ahmad ◽  
Dody S. Truna
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Nation State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Written Materials ◽  
State Context

Abstract: This study discusses the history of fatwas on Muslim-Non-Muslim relations issued by the Bahthul Masa'il Institute (LBM) of Nahdlatul Ulama from 1926 to 2019. This research is a type of qualitative research focused on studying LBM written materials. The perspective used is the Study of Religion with a theoretical analysis from Joachim Wach regarding the forms of expression of religious experience, especially in the sociological form. This study finds that, historically, NU issued fatwas by considering such sociological aspects that taghayyur (law change) method is used in law enforcement. By adhering to this principle, NU has formulated fatwas to maintain Muslim-non-Muslim relations under the umbrella of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In this regard, NU argues that non-Muslims in Indonesia cannot be categorized in terms of the infidel in the nation-state because non-Muslim citizens in the nation-state context are not second-class citizens as contained in the concept of infidel with various types. The implication is the increasing quality of inter-religious relations that are increasingly harmonious in a plural society.الملخص :تناقش هذه الدراسة تاريخ الفتاوى حول العلاقات بين المسلمين وغير المسلمين الصادرة عن معهد بهتول المسائل (LBM)  لتابع لنهضة العلماء من عام  1926 إلى عام  2019. هذا البحث هو نوع من البحث النوعي الذي يركز على دراسة المواد المكتوبة من قبل  LBM. المنظور المستخدم هو دراسة الدين مع تحليل نظري من Joachim Wachفيما يتعلق بأشكال التعبير عن التجربة الدينية ، وخاصة في الشكل الاجتماعي. توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى أنه تاريخياً ، أصدرت جامعة النيل فتاوى من خلال النظر في الجوانب الاجتماعية ، وبالتالي استخدام طريقة التغايور )تغيير القانون  (في إنفاذ القانون. بالالتزام بهذا المبدأ ، قامت NU بصياغة فتاوى للحفاظ على العلاقات بين المسلمين وغير المسلمين تحت مظلة الدولة الموحدة لجمهورية إندونيسيا. في هذا الصدد ، يجادل NU بأنه لا يمكن تصنيف غير المسلمين في إندونيسيا من حيث الكفار في الدولة القومية لأن المواطنين غير المسلمين في سياق الدولة القومية ليسوا مواطنين من الدرجة الثانية كما هو وارد في مفهوم الكفر. بأنواع مختلفة. المعنى الضمني هو الجودة المتزايدة للعلاقات بين الأديان التي تزداد انسجامًا في مجتمع تعددي.Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas riwayat fatwa hubungan Muslim-Non-Muslim yang dikeluarkan oleh Lembaga Bahthul Masa'il (LBM) Nahdlatul Ulama dari tahun 1926 hingga 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang difokuskan untuk mengkaji bahan tertulis LBM. Perspektif yang digunakan adalah kajian agama dengan analisis teori dari Joachim Wach mengenai bentuk-bentuk ekspresi pengalaman beragama, terutama dalam bentuk sosiologis. Studi ini menemukan bahwa dalam sejarahnya, NU mengeluarkan fatwa dengan mempertimbangkan aspek sosiologis, sehingga memakai metode taghayyur (perubahan hukum) dalam penegakan hukum. Dengan berpegang pada prinsip ini, NU telah merumuskan fatwa-fatwa untuk menjaga hubungan Muslim-non-Muslim di bawah payung Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Dalam kaitan ini, NU berpendapat bahwa non-Muslim di Indonesia tidak dapat dikategorikan dalam istilah kafir dalam negara-bangsa karena warga negara non-Muslim dalam konteks negara-bangsa bukanlah warga kelas dua sebagaimana termuat dalam konsep kafir dengan berbagai jenisnya. Implikasinya adalah meningkatnya kualitas hubungan antar umat beragama yang semakin harmonis di masyarakat plural.

scholarly journals Spiritual and Practical Factors of the Institution of Elections and Electoral Law Reforms in Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Practical Factors ◽  
Electoral Law

The article discusses the history of the development of the electoral process and the electoral legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The authors analyzed the ideas, teachings of thinkers and scientists about elections. Attention is also paid to foreign experience. It is emphasized that elections have a symbolic meaning, being the main means of legitimizing power in a democratic state. The purpose of the study is a socio-philosophical study of the essence of mass consciousness in a democratized modern society. New legislation on elections in the Republic of Uzbekistan is considered

scholarly journals Gilberto Enrique Parada García. Ley formal y ley material. La ley penal y su codificación en la construcción del Estado colombiano, 1819-1837.

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Code ◽  
New Granada ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

<p>Even within the historiographical lacunae that exists for the years between the Independence and the Regeneration, the two decades between Bolívar’s final military triumphs in Gran Colombia and the War of the Supremes are understudied. Thus, Gilberto Enrique Parada García’s examination of the law and the development of the New Granada legal code during these years is a much needed study on politics and public life at the beginning of the republic. The book focuses on the history of the legal system in the early republic, specifically the juridical and historical context within which the Penal Code of 1837 was developed. The study engages with legal theory and legal studies while remaining grounded in social and political history. Parts of the study have been published as individual articles and here are placed in a broader, more informative, discussion.</p>

scholarly journals STATE APPARATUS AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ON UKRAINIAN LANDS AS A PART OF THE RUSSIAN AND AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE: HISTORIOGRAPHIC-PRESENT

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Historical Materialist ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of historiography of historical and legal research in independent Ukraine. This aspect of the history of law and the state in Ukraine has been in the process of formation these days. Historical and legal studies of the state apparatus and local self-government bodies of the Russian and Austrian Empires (since 1867 - the Austro-Hungarian empires) have been selected by subject area. Legal and historiographic analysis of the achievements of Ukrainian science on this issue has been carried out for the first time. Summary of the main research results. This period was one of the most difficult in the history of our country. In both cases, the imperial authorities sought to assimilate Ukrainian people, deprive them of their identity and cultural identity, as well as legal traditions. Ukrainian national statehood was abolished by the cultural-national and political-legal offensive of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth century. On the one hand, in these extremely difficult conditions of oppression and violent acculturation pressure, the task of preserving cultural and legal identity was fulfilled, on the other hand, after the Great reforms of the 1860s-1870s, a more effective state apparatus was formed than before, which relatively successfully performed its tasks in the new historical conditions of the Ukrainian national revolution of 1917-1921. Based on the above, historical and legal studies of these periods and problems have significant scientific relevance. Ukrainian science of the history of the state and law after the collapse of the USSR and the restoration of independent Ukrainian statehood, faced the task of moving away from ideological and class stereotypes, the transition to methodological pluralism. In general, leading Ukrainian scientists have successfully coped with this task. Conclusions. Along with the deideologized and modernized historical-materialist (Marxist) method in accordance with modern conditions, culturological and civilizational method, genetically close to it, began to be increasingly used. The application of the functional theory of the origin and development of state authorities was particularly successful, which led to a stronger analysis of law enforcement activities. This was a factor in the spread of sociological and legal understanding of law in domestic historical and legal research, analysis of social causes of law-making and social consequences of the application of law, i.e. historical and legal study of the social depth of legal and state institutions.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN SISTEM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH DALAM DINAMIKA PELAKSANAAN DEMOKRASI

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
M. Lutfi Chakim
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The People ◽  
Election System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Method Approach

Pemilihan kepala daerah (pilkada) secara langsung adalah suatu mekanisme yang berfungsi sebagai pelaksanaan demokrasi. Namun, dalam perjalanannya muncul ketidakpuasan berbagai pihak untuk tidak lagi menggunakan sistem pemilihan gubernur secara langsung. Hal itulah yang menjadi dasar bagi Pemerintah untuk mengusulkan sistem pemilihan gubernur oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) melalui Rancangan Undang-undang tentang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (RUU Pilkada). Usulan perubahan sistem tersebut merupakan topik yang sangat serius, karena berpotensi mengingkari kedaulatan rakyat yang dijamin dalam UUD 1945. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, pertama , pemilihan secara langsung merupakan satu-satunya cara yang paling efektif untuk memaknai frasa ”dipilih secara demokratis” sebagaimana dimuat dalam Pasal 18 ayat (4) UUD 1945. Kedua , sejarah pemilihan kepala daerah ditandai dengan diberlakukannya berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan terkait dengan pemerintahan daerah mulai sejak masa kolonial hingga reformasi. Ketiga , sistem pemilihan gubernur secara perwakilan oleh DPRD merupakan kemunduran bagi demokrasi. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu mengambil pelajaran dari sejarah sistem pemilihan kepala daerah. Setelah itu, diharapkan pemerintah dapat meninjau kembali kebijakannya tentang sistem pemilihan kepala daerah oleh DPRD yang tertuang dalam RUU Pilkada.<p>Local government election directly is a mechanism of democracy implementation. However, it doesn’t work as expectation while disappointing parties urge to not use governor election system directly anymore. That’s the basis for the Government to propose Governor election system by House of representatives through Draft Law About the local government elections. The proposal to change the system of the local government elections is a very serious topic, because it has to deny the sovereignty of the people in the Republic of Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution potentially. Using normative legal research method approach, it could be concluded that, first, government election directly is the most effective way to interpretate the phrase ”democratically elected” as mentioned in article 18 verse (4) of the Republic of Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution. Second, the history of local government elections marked by the enactment of various regulations on Local Government since the colonial era to the reform. Third, the Governor election system by House of representatives is a setback for democracy. Therefore, the Government needs to learn from the history of local government election. After all, the government expected to review its policy about local government election system by House of representatives in draft Law About the local government elections.</p>

Authority of Law: An Analysis of The Role of Police

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Keir
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
The University

<div class="page" title="Page 3"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Veronika is a recent graduate from the Honours Legal Studies program at the University of Waterloo. Her passions are socio-legal research, policy development, feminist legal theory, and crime control development. Veronika is currently working a full-time job at Oracle Canada, planning on pursuing further education in a Masters program. </span></p></div></div></div>

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

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