scholarly journals Third Wave Treatments for Functional Somatic Syndromes and Health Anxiety Across the Age Span: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Frostholm ◽  
Charlotte Ulrikka Rask
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Core Outcomes ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Determine Effect

Functional disorders (FD) are present across the age span and are commonly encountered in somatic health care. Psychological therapies have proven effective, but mostly the effects are slight to moderate. The advent of third wave cognitive behavioural therapies launched an opportunity to potentially improve treatments for FD.A narrative review of the literature on the application of mindfulness-based therapies (MBT) and Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT) in children and adult populations with FD.There were very few and mainly preliminary feasibility studies in children and adolescents. For adults there were relatively few trials of moderate to high methodological quality. Ten MBT randomised trials and 15 ACT randomised trials of which 8 were internet-delivered were identified for more detailed descriptive analysis. There was no evidence to suggest higher effects of third wave treatments as compared to CBT. For MBT, there seemed to be minor effects comparable to active control conditions. A few interventions combining second and third wave techniques found larger effects, but differences in outcomes, formats and dosage hamper comparability.Third wave treatments are getting established in treatment delivery and may contribute to existing treatments for FD. Future developments could further integrate second and third wave treatments across the age span. Elements unambiguously targeting specific illness beliefs and exposure should be included. The benefit of actively engaging close relatives in the treatment not only among younger age groups but also in adults, as well as the effect of more multimodal treatment programmes including active rehabilitation, needs to be further explored.The methodological quality of third wave interventions for FD should be improved, especially in younger age groups.The effect of ACT interventions may be comparable to CBT in adults with FD.The evidence for third wave interventions in young people with FD is still very limited.Newer studies combining second and third wave treatments show some promise.Agreement on, and for child populations further development of, core outcomes, could help determine effect across studies.The methodological quality of third wave interventions for FD should be improved, especially in younger age groups.The effect of ACT interventions may be comparable to CBT in adults with FD.The evidence for third wave interventions in young people with FD is still very limited.Newer studies combining second and third wave treatments show some promise.Agreement on, and for child populations further development of, core outcomes, could help determine effect across studies.

Doorlopende Leerlijnen Taalonderwijs Nederlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Hilde Hacquebord
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Educational Field ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
New Framework

In 2008 the Dutch government has introduced a Framework of Reference (called 'Doorlopende leerlijnen'; English 'Curricular continuity policy') that will be guiding for future development of educational materials and for test development in LI and L2. The Dutch framework is more or less linked to the European Reference Framework, with minor adaptations related to the younger age group and the educational setting of primary and secondary schools. However, it is still in its initial and very global state. In this symposium, researchers in the educational field have discussed the theoretical and praticai implications of the Framework, and the needs they see for further development and elaboration. The four presenters and their referees respectively discussed the empirical validation of the framework and the practical implications. With respect to the empirical validation it was found that adaptations are needed, especially with respect to the differentiation within the Dutch system of vocational education. With respect to the practical implications, there were doubts about the teacher's orientation this Framework may direct. The quality of teaching has been considered to be more important than the linguistic attainment of certain levels of reference, which is not desirable especially for the younger age groups. However, the educational field in Amsterdam has adapted the new framework as it has enhanced the willingness of measuring the (L2) language proficiency of pupils at risk and it has raised so the consciousness about the stagnating development of second language pupils.

scholarly journals Comparison of anthropometric data quality in children aged 6-23 and 24-59 months: lessons from population-representative surveys from humanitarian settings

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Bilukha ◽  
Alexia Couture ◽  
Kelly McCain ◽  
Eva Leidman
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Digit Preference ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract Background Ensuring the quality of anthropometry data is paramount for getting accurate estimates of malnutrition prevalence among children aged 6–59 months in humanitarian and refugee settings. Previous reports based on data from Demographic and Health Surveys suggested systematic differences in anthropometric data quality between the younger and older groups of preschool children. Methods We analyzed 712 anthropometric population-representative field surveys from humanitarian and refugee settings conducted during 2011–2018. We examined and compared the quality of five anthropometric indicators in children aged 6–23 months and children aged 24–59 months: weight for height, weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for age. Using the z-score distribution of each indicator, we calculated the following parameters: standard deviation (SD), percentage of outliers, and measures of distribution normality. We also examined and compared the quality of height, weight, MUAC and age measurements using missing data and rounding criteria. Results Both SD and percentage of flags were significantly smaller on average in older than in younger age group for all five anthropometric indicators. Differences in SD between age groups did not change meaningfully depending on overall survey quality or on the quality of age ascertainment. Over 50% of surveys overall did not deviate significantly from normality. The percentage of non-normal surveys was higher in older than in the younger age groups. Digit preference score for weight, height and MUAC was slightly higher in younger age group, and for age slightly higher in the older age group. Children with reported exact date of birth (DOB) had much lower digit preference for age than those without exact DOB. SD, percentage flags and digit preference scores were positively correlated between the two age groups at the survey level, such as those surveys showing higher anthropometry data quality in younger age group also tended to show higher quality in older age group. Conclusions There should be an emphasis on increased rigor of training survey measurers in taking anthropometric measurements in the youngest children. Standardization test, a mandatory component of the pre-survey measurer training and evaluation, of 10 children should include at least 4–5 children below 2 years of age.

PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF YOUTH IN THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION “DYNAMO”: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Olga Vasilevna BESKROVNAYA ◽  
Sergey Viktorovich IVANNIKOV ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich NOVIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Younger Generation

The activity of society “Dynamo” in historical and modern aspects in solving the problem of patriotic education of youth as one of the fundamental tasks of the modern Russian state is considered. It is shown that throughout the public organization “Dynamo” history through the active involvement of children to a healthy lifestyle forms the younger generation of an active life position, the desire for physical development, sports achievements for the glory of Russia. The essence of the organization society “Dynamo”, designed along with other tasks to strengthen the physical and spiritual health of Russian citizens of different age groups, using a variety of organizational forms and health-saving technologies is revealed. We show the aspect of coaching work with the younger generation, in which special attention is paid to the patriotic education of young people and teenagers seeking sports achievements. Within the modern structure of the society “Dynamo” the system and quality of sports training in its divisions are analyzed. Traditionally the results are checked in the course of numerous competitions. The importance of Spartakiads and competitions of “Dynamo” society in patriotic education of young people, which encourage the desire for health, strength, beauty, readiness to defend the sports honor of Russia in the athletes, is shown.

scholarly journals THE ATTITUDE OF KAZAN STUDENTS TO ALCOHOL AND SMOKING (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF AN EMPIRICAL STUDY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
L.P. Maslova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Exclusion ◽  
The Media

The study of deviations from social norms is particularly relevant in modern social conditions, when significant reforms are being implemented in the field of politics, economy and social sphere, accompanied by significant changes in the level and quality of life of the population. The topic is also sharpened by the speed of globalization, as a result of which inequality between different social groups, including age groups, is growing. The most difficult situation in such transitional periods of development of society is the youth, whose worldview is in the process of formation, and the unformed value system of the transforming society can not provide the necessary social guidelines for behaviour.
The article shows the attitude of Kazan students to alcohol and Smoking on the basis of theoretical justification and author's empirical research. Based on the theoretical analysis of the works of representatives of the sociopsychological paradigm (Z. Freud, A. Adler, E. Fromm, K. Horney), it is shown that deviations are the result of negative family experiences and mental traumas of childhood. According to the sociological theories Of E. Giddens, J. Massionis, And N. Smelser, deviations arise primarily under the influence of social factors: the influence of the media, fashion, and others . Based on an empirical study of University students in Kazan-a sample of 400 people, representatives of various universities, it was found that a significant part of the respondents drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes. The survey data shows that the older the respondents, the more of them drink alcohol, and younger age groups tend to hold opinions about the complete exclusion of alcohol from use. This indicates the stressful factors of the social environment, the emergence of alcohol and Smoking habits, and the influence of the social environment.

scholarly journals Physical activity and lifestyle of older adults in the context of diseases of affluence

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Alena Buková ◽  
Agata Horbacz ◽  
Ladislav Kručanica ◽  
Mária Majherová
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weekly Frequency

Introduction. In this study, we focused on physical activity of older adults and their lifestyle in the context of diseases of affluence. We monitored the most common physical activity performed by older adults, weekly frequency of the chosen physical activity, together with the prevalence of diseases of affluence and the assessment of the life quality of older adults. Methods. The study group comprised active older adults (n=35) who performed regular physical activity two and more times weekly, with two times a week under the supervision of an experienced instructor, and inactive older adults (n=35) whose physical activities consisted of only short walks and irregular exercise. Results. We found a lower prevalence of diseases of affluence among active older adults compared to the inactive. The differences are significant, especially in peripheral vascular disorders, osteoporosis, and diabetes. However, a statistically significant difference was only found in problems with blood pressure. Half of the inactive older adults reported that the diseases had restricted their physical activity, but they did not feel the need for any additional physical exercise. As we assumed, a significantly higher number of active older adults was recorded in the group with higher life quality. Conclusion. We agree with opinions of professionals in the field who recommend PA to be a natural and everyday part of a daily routine not only in younger age groups but also in retirement. There is a higher prevalence of chronic diseases in older adults, and therefore, they should understand the importance and meaning of PA in alleviating the irreversible process of aging.

scholarly journals LESSONS FROM THE COVID-19 THIRD WAVE IN CANADA: THE IMPACT OF VARIANTS OF CONCERN AND SHIFTING DEMOGRAPHICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finlay A McAlister ◽  
Majid Nabipoor ◽  
Anna Chu ◽  
Douglas Lee ◽  
Lynora Saxinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
The Impact

Importance: With the emergence of more transmissible SARSCoV2 variants of concern (VOC), there is an urgent need for evidence about disease severity and the health care impacts of VOC in North America, particularly since a substantial proportion of the population have declined vaccination thus far. Objective: To examine 30day outcomes in Canadians infected with SARSCoV2 in the first year of the pandemic and to compare event rates in those with VOC versus wild type infection. Design: Retrospective cohort study using linked healthcare administrative datasets. Setting: Alberta and Ontario, the two Canadian provinces that experienced the largest third wave in the spring of 2021. Participants: All individuals with a positive SARSCoV2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction swab from March 1, 2020 until March 31, 2021, with genomic confirmation of VOC screen positive tests during February and March 2021 (wave 3). Exposure of Interest: VOC versus wild type SARSCoV2 Main Outcomes and Measures: All-cause hospitalizations or death within 30 days after a positive SARSCoV2 swab. Results: Compared to the 372,741 individuals with SARSCoV2 infection between March 2020 and January 2021 (waves 1 and 2 in Canada), there was a shift in transmission towards younger patients in the 104,232 COVID19 cases identified in wave 3. As a result, although third wave patients were more likely to be hospitalized (aOR 1.34 [1.29 to 1.39] in Ontario and aOR 1.53 [95%CI 1.41 to 1.65] in Alberta), they had shorter lengths of stay (median 5 vs. 7 days, p<0.001) and were less likely to die within 30 days (aOR 0.66 [0.60 to 0.71] in Ontario and aOR 0.74 [0.62 to 0.89] in Alberta). However, within the third wave, patients infected with VOC (91% Alpha) exhibited higher risks of death (aOR 1.52 [1.27 to 1.81] in Ontario and aOR 1.67 [1.13 to 2.48] in Alberta) and hospitalization (aOR 1.57 [1.47 to 1.69] in Ontario and aOR 1.88 [1.74 to 2.02] in Alberta) than those with wild-type SARSCoV2 infections during the same timeframe. Conclusions and Relevance: On a population basis, the shift towards younger age groups as the COVID19 pandemic has evolved translates into more hospitalizations but shorter lengths of stay and lower mortality risk than seen in the first 10 months of the pandemic in Canada. However, on an individual basis, infection with a VOC is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization or death than the original wild type SARSCoV2; this is important information to address vaccine hesitancy given the increasing frequency of VOC infections now.

scholarly journals GRAd-COV2, a gorilla adenovirus based candidate vaccine against COVID-19, is safe and immunogenic in young and older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lanini ◽  
Stefania Capone ◽  
Andrea Antinori ◽  
Stefano Milleri ◽  
Emanuele Nicastri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Open Label Trial ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Further Development

Safe and effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed to control the ongoing pandemic. Although impressive progress has been made with several COVID-19 vaccines already approved, it is clear that those developed so far cannot meet the global vaccine demand. We have developed a COVID-19 vaccine based on a replication-defective gorilla adenovirus expressing the stabilized pre-fusion SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, named GRAd-COV2. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a single-dose regimen of this vaccine in healthy younger and older adults to select the appropriate dose for each age group. To this purpose, a phase 1, dose-escalation, open-label trial was conducted including 90 healthy subjects, (45 aged 18-55 years and 45 aged 65-85 years), who received a single intramuscular administration of GRAd-CoV2 at three escalating doses. Local and systemic adverse reactions were mostly mild or moderate and of short duration, and no serious AE was reported. Four weeks after vaccination, seroconversion to Spike/RBD was achieved in 43/44 young volunteers and in 45/45 older subjects. Consistently, neutralizing antibodies were detected in 42/44 younger age and 45/45 older age volunteers. In addition, GRAd-COV2 induced a robust and Th1-skewed T cell response against the S antigen in 89/90 subjects from both age groups. Overall, the safety and immunogenicity data from the phase 1 trial support further development of this vaccine.

Benefits of Early Hemoglobin Response to Epoetin Alfa in Elderly Patients with Chemotherapy-Related Anemia.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2216-2216
Author(s):  
James Rosberg ◽  
Pierre Y. Cremieux ◽  
Scott R. McKenzie ◽  
John M. Fastenau ◽  
Catherine T. Piech
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epoetin Alfa ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Transfusion Requirements ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Abstract Background: Previous research has shown early hemoglobin (Hb) response to epoetin alfa (EPO) therapy is associated with reduced transfusion requirements, higher Hb response rates, quality of life score improvements, and decreased EPO drug utilization. This subgroup analysis of elderly (age >/=65) patients (pts) with chemotherapy-related anemia (CRA) assesses the benefit of an early Hb response in this distinct population. Methods: Data from three large multicenter EPO clinical trials were evaluated. In EPO 1, pts received 10,000 Units TIW with potential escalation to 20,000 Units TIW. In EPO 2 and EPO 3, pts received 40,000 Units QW with escalation to 60,000 Units QW. Pts eligible for this analysis were >/=65 years of age with a non-myeloid malignancy, had a baseline Hb </=11g/dL, and received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy (EPO 1: N=935: EPO 2: N=1,270; EPO 3: N=269). Early Hb response was defined as >/=1g/dL Hb rise following four weeks of EPO therapy, independent of transfusion in the prior 28 days. Three outcomes of pts who exhibited early Hb response were compared to those of pts who did not: proportion of pts requiring transfusion, subsequent Hb response (Hb rise >/=2 g/dL independent of transfusion), and average weekly EPO dose. Results: Early Hb response was observed in 54.1%, 47.5%, and 47.2% of pts from EPO 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In all trials, early responders had markedly lower transfusion use (EPO 1: 7.6% v 22.5%, p<.0001; EPO 2: 5.4% v 18.7%, p<.0001; EPO 3: 8.8% v 17.2%, p=.0525), higher subsequent Hb response (EPO 1: 78.7% v, 47.6%; EPO 2: 84.0% v 46.2%, EPO 3: 72.8% v. 47.8%, all studies p<.0001), and lower average weekly EPO dose (EPO 1: 30,467 vs. 40,594 Units, EPO 2: 39,286 vs. 47,310 Units; EPO 3: 38,043 v. 45,835 Units; all studies p<.0001). Conclusions: Elderly cancer pts achieving an early Hb response to EPO QW or TIW experienced greater clinical benefits (lower proportion of pts transfused, higher subsequent Hb response rates, and less EPO utilization) compared to pts who did not. These findings are consistent with analyses involving pts with younger age groups. As early Hb response is associated with clinical benefits, it should be an important goal of erythropoietic therapy for chemotherapy-induced anemia, especially in the elderly population, as demonstrated here.

Renal Replacement Therapy in the Elderly

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 143-144
Author(s):  
R. S. C. Rodger ◽  
J. D. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Before 1980 few patients over the age of 65 started chronic dialysis, despite the fact that the incidence of advanced chronic renal failure was approximately ten times greater in this group compared to young and middle aged adults.1 Since that time the number of elderly patients starting renal replacement has increased markedly and accounted for 38% of new dialysis patients in Scotland in 1995. (Data supplied by the Scottish Renal Registry). In order to meet the needs of older patients with chronic renal failure there has been considerable expansion in renal services and it has been predicted that this will continue to increase in Scotland until 2010.2 The number of older patients receiving dialysis and transplantation is rising steadily and will continue to rise in the future. There is nowadays no justification for a rigid upper age limit in the selection of patients for dialysis although inevitably more elderly patients will be unsuitable on medical grounds than in the younger age groups in particular due to cardiovascular disease. The majority of elderly patients are best managed by haemodialysis but a considerable number can achieve a reasonable quality of health on peritoneal dialysis. Renal transplantation should be seriously considered in the older patient provided that comorbidity is not present, usually in the form of cardiovascular disease, to a degree which would seriously limit life expectation.

scholarly journals Typical demand trends in the youth labor market in the Republic of Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 04015
Author(s):  
Elena Polishchuk ◽  
Olga Pochupailo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Youth Labor Market ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Labor Potential

Monitoring of the main component of the labor market of the Republic of Crimea – the demand for labor force, taking into account representatives of young people of all age groups was conducted. The possibility of objective needs of employers in young specialists was determined on the basis of a questionnaire survey of heads of organizations (enterprises) in the region, the purpose of which was to identify information about the opinions and expectations of employers regarding the quality of training of young specialists. The structure and volume of the sample were determined as sufficient and representative to assess the situation in the Republic of Crimea as a whole. The questionnaires were processed using a computer program for statistical data processing – SPSS 13.0 for Windows. It was found that in modern conditions there is a significant need for the development of labor potential of young people and its use in the interests of innovative development of the Republic. The basic measures, the implementation of which will stabilize the situation with young personnel for all priority economic activities of the republic, have been proposed.

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