Bioactivity and Phytochemical Studies of Seed Extracts of Anethum graveolens Linn.

Infectious diseases cause enormous morbidity and mortality of the population worldwide every year. The increase in the rate of infectious diseases and bacteria attaining resistance to antibiotics and side effects of some synthetic antibiotics has led to an increased interest in medicinal plants as a better and natural alternative to synthetic drugs. Antibacterial activity of solvent extracts of Anethum graveolens L. was evaluated by agar cup diffusion and disc diffusion methods against some common pathogenic bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The antioxidant capacity of different extracts of Anethum graveolens was estimated by diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide. Solvent extracts of A. graveolens recorded a good 18-19 mm inhibition zone activity with methanol extract. The MIC of A. graveolens methanol extract was recorded in the range 125-1667 µg/ ml for test pathogens. The IC50 values showed that methanol extract was nearly potent to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) followed by ethyl acetate extracts in all the methods. Methanol extracts of A. graveolens possess a broad spectrum of activity against several human pathogenic and potent antioxidant properties. A natural substance obtained from plants that is a part of a daily diet, a nutritional supplement with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, constitutes a new source of herbal drugs.

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AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN ULIN (EUSIDEROXYLON ZWAGERI TEIJSM & BINN) TERHADAP EMPAT JENIS BAKTERI PATOGEN

JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS ◽

10.29303/jbt.v20i1.1642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Yeni Mariani ◽

Fathul Yusro ◽

Evy Wardenaar

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

West Kalimantan ◽

E Coli ◽

Eusideroxylon Zwageri

Abstrak: Suku Dayak Uud Danum di Kalimantan Barat memanfaatkan daun Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm & Binn) sebagai tumbuhan obat dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit seperti diare, demam dan penguat badan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis aktivitas ekstrak metanol dari daun ulin terhadap beberapa jenis bakteri patogen. Daun ulin diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metanol, kemudian diuji dengan metode difusi terhadap empat jenis bakteri yaitu Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi pada empat level konsentrasi (1, 5, 10 dan 15 mg/ml) dan E. coli (50, 100, 150 dan 200 mg/ml). Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa semua level konsentrasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hambatan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak metanol daun ulin semakin tinggi diameter hambat yang dihasilkan. Diameter hambat tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh konsentrasi 15 mg/ml pada jenis bakteri S. typhi (12,33 mm) dan E. coli pada konsentrasi 200 mg/ml (22,67 mm). Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa daun ulin yang secara tradisional digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri alami.Kata kunci: Ulin, antibakteri, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, dan Escherichia coli.Abstract: Dayak Uud Danum of West Kalimantan traditionally use ulin leaves (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teisjm & Binn) to cure various diseases namely diarrhea, fever, and tonic. This present study aims to evaluate the activity of methanol extract of ulin leaves against several types of pathogenic bacteria. Ulin leaves were extracted with methanol; thus, the extract resulted tested in terms of disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer against four types of bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi (1, 5, 10, and 15 mg/ml), and Escherichia coli (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/ml). The results showed that all levels of concentration significantly affect the inhibition growth of pathogenic bacteria. The higher the concentration of methanol extract of ulin leaves used, the higher the inhibition zone produced. The highest response inhibition growth showed from the highest level of 15 mg/ml on S. tyhpi (12.33 mm), and E. coli was 200 mg/ml (22.67 mm). It suggested that the leaves of ulin which traditionally used as medicinal plant have the potency as natural antibacterial agents.Keywords: Ulin, antibacterial, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli.

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Antibacterial effects of the methanolic extract of Glycine Max (Soybean)

Microbiology Research ◽

10.4081/mr.2017.7319 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Seyede Asma Hosseini Chaleshtori ◽

Mehrdad Ataie Kachoie ◽

Seyed Mojtaba Hashemi Jazi

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

Antibiotic Agents

High occurrence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is caused by the use of natural medicinal plants to eliminate risk of infectious diseases. Glycine max is on the most popular and nutritious foods with high antimicrobial effects. The present research was done to study the antibacterial effects of the methanolic extract of G. max against Gram-negative and positive bacteria. G. max seeds of M7 and M9 varieties were purchased and their methanolic extracts were collected. Diameter of the zone of growth inhibition of extracts were measured for pathogenic bacteria using the CLSI guidelines. Antimicrobial effects of G. max extracts were also compared with several antibiotics. Diameter of the inhibition zone of tested bacteria against different treatments of G. max had a ranges of 5.93±0.18 to 22.61±1.80 mm. M7 variety had a higher antimicrobial effects on tested bacteria (P0.05). The highest diameter of the zone of growth inhibition was seen for L. monocytogenes (22.61±1.80 mm) and S. aureus (19.33±1.56 mm). Antimicrobial effects of the methanolic extract of the G. max was also dose-dependent (P0.05). Diameter of the inhibition zone of tested bacteria against different antibiotic agents had a ranges of 5.94±0.38 to 24.95±2.11 mm. Ciprofloxacin, penicillin G tetracycline, gentamicin and azithromycin antibiotic agents exhibited the highest diameter of zone of the growth inhibition for K. pneumoniae (15.71±1.46 mm), L. monocytogenes (23.94±2.03 mm), L. monocytogenes (20.55±1.95 mm), S. aureus (14.27±1.36 mm) and L. monocytogenes (24.95±2.11 mm), respectively. Formulation of antibiotic agent using the 100 mg/mL concentration of the M7 variety of G. max has been recommended for treatment of the cases of infectious diseases

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Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) terhadap Salmonella typhi

Pustaka Kesehatan ◽

10.19184/pk.v8i3.13008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

Achmad Syarifudin Noor ◽

Bawon Triatmoko ◽

Nuri Nuri

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Zone Diameter

The leaves of kenikir are known to have many benefits, one of which can be used as medicine. Kenikir leaves are reported to have antibacterial activity against the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S.typhi). S. typhi is a bacterium that causes typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in Asian countries, especially Indonesia. Typhoid fever became the third largest disease in Indonesia in 2010. The study related to the antibacterial activity of kenikir leaf fraction to S. typhi has never been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to the antibacterial activity of extracts and leaf fractions of kenikir to compare their potential against S. typhi. The study was conducted using the disk diffusion method using 5 series of concentrations namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. Tests were carried out on methanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction. The results showed that highest inhibition zone diameter is 7,75 mm which is reached by methanol extract. The order of the highest inhibiting zone diameter are extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction.

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UJI EFEKTIVITAS DAUN PANDAN WANGI (PANDANUS AMARYLLIFOLIUS ROXB.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP SALMONELLA TYPHI

BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) ◽

10.31289/biolink.v6i1.2218 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Priska Nancy Claudia Bali ◽

Ahmad Raif ◽

Setia Budi Tarigan

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Pandanus Amaryllifolius ◽

Positive Controls

Pandanus amaryllifolius roxb leaves commonly used as food dditives which contain various compound groups namely alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids and tannins that have a role in antibacterial activity. This research is indicated to support the success of antibacterial in fragrant pandanus leaf plants against Salmonella typhi, one of the pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial effectiveness test of ethanol-ethyl acetate extract (1: 1) of pandanus leaves which evaluated by the Kirby-bauer method and making the extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. The results showed that pandanus leaves extract had antibacterial effectiveness against Salmonella typhi with an average inhibition zone diameter of 11.6 mm; 14 mm; 14.3 mm; 15.3 mm; positive controls (Ciprofloxacin) 27 mm; and negative controls (aquadest) didn’t produce the inhibition zone of Salmonella typhi.

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Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Potential of the Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of the Leaf, Stem and Root of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research ◽

10.25258/phyto.v9i2.8064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ugwoke C E C ◽

Orji J. ◽

Anze S P G ◽

Ilodibia C V

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Chromolaena Odorata

Background: Plants contain secondary metabolites or phytochemicals, which when consumed by humans give therapeutic effect. This study therefore analyzed the phytochemical composition of Chromolaena odorata so as to give an idea of its possible pharmacological potentials. An antimicrobial assay was also carried out to verify claims on its use in the treatment of infectious diseases. Methods: The experimental procedure involved collection of the leaf, stem and root of the plant from the wild, authenticating the samples and drying under shade to facilitate pulverization. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were done using standard methods to reveal the presence and percentage composition of basic phytochemicals. The powder was also macerated in ethanol and water to produce ethanol and aqueous crude extracts that were reconstituted in normal saline to concentrations (mg/ml) of 150, 100, 75 and 50. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were screened for sensitivity to the extracts using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The plant parts contain alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, and sterols at varying concentrations. The leaf however had highest concentration of almost all phytochemicals present. The antimicrobial activity of the plant was concentrationdependent in all parts of the plant and both extracts. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were most susceptible while Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli were least susceptible with an average Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD) of about 8 – 10 mm. Conclusion: The substantial quantity of the basic phytochemicals in Chromolaena odorata could render it a utility plant in therapeutic use. Due to the profound antimicrobial effect as revealed by the IZDs, the plant could be classified as a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. Thus, the claim on its potency in treatment of infectious diseases by traditional medical practitioners could be said to be justified.

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY ASSAY OF MANGROVE EXTRACTS AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHI AND LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v7i2.11029 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Apon Zaenal Mustopa ◽

Rifqiyah Nur Umami ◽

. Melki

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Column Chromatography ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Acetone Extract ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

The Third ◽

Inhibition Zones

The antibacterial activities of mangrove species, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia caseolaris (collected from Teluk Payo, Banyuasin, South Sumatera), Ceriops tagal, Rizhopora apiculata, and Sonneratia alba (collected from Sadai, South Bangka) were screened against Salmonella typhi and Listeria monocytogenes by agar disk diffusion assays. Extractions were conducted using organic solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone, subsequently). Most of the extracts tested showed potential antibacterial activity against both pathogens. The methanol extracts of the bark from S. alba and the fruit from A. marina showed particularly large inhibition zones (15 mm) against S. typhi. The acetone extract of S. alba leaves showed the largest inhibition zone (14 mm) when tested against L. Monocy-togenes. Further partial purifications of selected extracts which showed strong inhibition were performed by silica gel column chromatography using various eluent compositions with different polarities. The third fraction of methanol extract from S.alba leaves eluted with chloroform:methanol (1:5) resulted in a remarkably large inhibition zone (23 mm) against S. typhi. The third and seventh fractions of acetone extract from S. alba leaves eluted with ethyl acetate:methanol (7:3) resulted in a large inhibition zones (15 mm) against L. monocytogenes. In addition, the sixth fraction of methanol extract from A. marina fruit eluted with chloroform : methanol (6:4) resulted in the largest inhibition zone (17 mm) against L. monocytogenes. These results indicated that mangrove extracts could be developed as potential biomaterials for biopharmaceutical as well as biopreservation industries.Keywords: antibacterial activity, mangrove, column chromatography

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Ferulaldehyde and Lupeol as Direct and Indirect Antimicrobial Compounds from Cordia gilletii (Boraginaceae) Root Barks

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900506 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Philippe N. Okusa ◽

Caroline Stévigny ◽

Marie Névraumont ◽

Michel Gelbcke ◽

Pierre Van Anrwerpen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Resistant Strains

Cordia gilletii De Wild (Boraginaceae), a medicinal plant used against infectious diseases in the Democratic Republic of Congo, was investigated for direct and indirect antimicrobial properties. On one hand, the methanol extract is active against many pathogenic bacteria, including resistant strains. Its bio-guided fractionation led to the isolation of ferulaldehyde; this compound showed antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that may support the activity we observed for the methanol extract and some of the traditional uses of C. gilletii. On the other hand, the n-hexane extract of root barks possesses indirect antimicrobial properties, enhancing the activity of antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of lupeol, which decreases the minimum inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics (4 to 8 fold) against MRSA and contributes to the effects observed for the raw n-hexane extract.

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Isolation and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Bacteria Isolates from Gambir (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb.)

International Journal of ChemTech Research ◽

10.20902/ijctr.2019.120618 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 139-146

Author(s):

Suryani Ompusunggu ◽

Dwi Suryanto ◽

Yurnaliza

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Mueller Hinton ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Paper Disc

A study on isolation and antibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria of gambir (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb.), along with its antibacterial extract activity test on clinical pathogenic bacteria has been conducted. Isolation of gambir endophytic bacteria was done in nutrient agar incubated at ambient temperature for 48 hours. Samples of gambir leaves and root was used for source of endophytic bacteria. Bacterial isolate was propagated using Mueller Hinton Agar. Bacterial culture was extracted using methanol as solvent. To test methanol extract activity of bacterial isolates, concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (v/v) were used in paper disc. Pathogenic bacterial isolates such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus were used for antibacterial test. Inhibition zone formed around paper disc indicated antibacterial extract activity against the bacteria. Endophytic bacterial isolates of gambirwas identified using Vitek Compact 2.0® based on biochemical test. Isolates SO02 and SO03 showed relatively higher antibacterial activity, with inhibition zone of 17 and 30 mm, respectively. Methanol extract of SO02 showed to have higher activity of >10 mm at 100% of extract concentration, compared to that of SO03 which only showed <10 mm) against E. coli.High inhibition against S.mutans and S.aureus was obtained at of 60%. Chemical identification found that methanol extract of SO02 and SO03 showed to have flavonoid and tanning group. Bacterial identification showed that SO02 and SO03 were closely related to Enterobacter cloacae and Gemella morbillorum with similarity of 98 and 86%, respectively. However, accurate species of these two isolates should be determined

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Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Rhizophora mucronata Poiret terhadap Salmonella thypi, Lignières 1900 (Enterobacteriaceae : Gammaproteobacteria)

Jurnal Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.14710/jkt.v23i2.5577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 175-182

Author(s):

Mahmiah Mahmiah ◽

Serdian Pinaris Rama ◽

Pramudita Riwanti

Keyword(s):

Methanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Rhizophora Mucronata ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

The Family ◽

Acute Infectious Disease ◽

Experimental Laboratory ◽

The Many

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine caused by Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C. Antibiotics commonly used for Salmonella infections are fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. However, Salmonella has been resistant to these antibiotics. The many occurrences of antibiotic resistance encourage researchers to find solutions. Rhizophora mucronata is a mangrove from the family Rhizophoraceae. Phytochemically, Rhizophora mucronata is rich in many kinds of compounds such as tannins, alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids and saponins which important in suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Rhizophora mucronata bark against the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria looked at the clear zone around the well. This research is an experimental laboratory study using the well diffusion method. Rhizophora mucronata bark samples were extracted by maceration method. The results is the inhibition zone diameter methanol extract of Rhizophora mucronata bark with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (b / v) classified as moderate (9.22 mm) to strong (13.78 mm) , the greater the concentration, the greater the diameter of the inhibition zone. Demam tifoid adalah penyakit infeksi akut usus halus yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi atau Salmonella paratyphi A, B dan C. Antibiotik yang umum digunakan dalam penatalaksanaan infeksi bakteri yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella adalah fluoroquinolones dan tetrasiklin. Akan tetapi, Salmonella telah mengalami resisten terhadap antibiotik tersebut. Rhizophora mucronata merupakan mangrove dari famili Rhizophoraceae. Secara fitokimia, Rhizophora mucronata kaya dengan beberapa macam senyawa seperti tannin, alkaloid, flavanoid, terpenoid dan saponin yang berperan penting dalam menekan mikroorganisme patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol kulit batang Rhizophora mucronata terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi dengan melihat adanya zona bening disekitar sumuran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratories dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Sampel kulit batang Rhizophora mucronata dilakukan ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan oleh ekstrak metanol kulit batang Rhizophora mucronata dengan konsentrasi 20 %, 40 %, 60 % dan 80 % (b/v) tergolong sedang (9,22 mm) hingga kuat (13,78 mm), semakin besar kosentrasi maka semakin besar juga diameter zona hambatnya.

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Bacterial Causes Tonsillitis in Children, Study the Resistance to Antimicrobials and the Effect of Clove Extracts on Selected Isolated Bacteria.

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.10.4.1135-1143 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1135-1143

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Haemophilus Influenza ◽

Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽

Inhibition Zones

In this study Isolated Pathogenic bacteria which causes Tonsillitis in Children with ages between 3-17 years. They are admitted to Central Children Hospital (Al-Karch) and Ebn-Albalady Hospital (Al-Rusafa). 200 cases were collected which include 120 Male and 80 Female. The result of the recent study shows that the isolation percentage was 40% from Male and 35% from Female. In this study Fifty six isolated were Identified, 20 were ?-hemolytic Streptococcus which was Streptococcus pyogenes, formed (36%) from all isolated.6 Pathogenic bacteria were ?- hemolytic Streptococcus which was Streptococcus pneumoniae formed (11%). The number of Moraxella catarrhalis bacteria was 12 formed (21%), the number of Haemophilus influenzae was 10 formed (18%).Whereas the number of Staphylococcus aureus was 8 formed (14%). The Antimicrobial Susceptility test to commonly used Antimicrobial shows that the most isolate Bacteria were sensitive to Antimicrobial ( AMC and CEP ) and Resistance to ( P and E ) with some exception. The Antimicrobial Susceptility test of Staphylococcus aureus to Oxacillin showed the predominant of Oxacillin-Sensitive S. aureus (OSSA) which form 88% whereas the percentage of Oxacillin -Resistant S. aureus (ORSA) was 12%. The effect of crude aqueous and solvent extracts of clove on selected isolated bacteria. Shows the efficiency of clove extracts which gives the biggest inhibition zones by all extracts with efficacy of methanol extract compared with the other solvents extracts. The inhibition zone was 25.2 mm fore Streptococcus pyogenes and the MIC wasMIC was 75?g/ml. 25.6 mm 75?g/ml. 24.8 mm for Streptococcus pneumoniae and For Staphylococcus aureus and MIC was 50?g/ml, whereas the inhibition zone was 22.2 mm and 22.1 mm for Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenza respectively and the MIC was 100?g/ml.

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