scholarly journals MENANGKAL RADIKALISME MELALUI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM BERBASIS ASWAJA NAHDLATUL ULAMA’

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Husnur Rofiq ◽  
Riza Ahmad Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Community Values ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama

One education that can provide values in counteracting radicalism is Islamic education based on Nahdlatul Ulama. Because Nahdlatul Ulama 'based Islamic education gives more value to education. Nahdlatul Ulama-based Islamic education is flexible in dealing with a situation and condition that exists in society. This research method uses library research which analyzes problems from several books, journals, and relevant scientific publications. The results of this study indicate that the educational process to counteract radicalism is with the approach of Islamic religious education based on Nahdatul Ulama. community values are internalized so that they are tolerant (tasamuh) towards others or others.

scholarly journals Analisis Pendidikan Islam

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Sepma Pulthinka Nur Hanip
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Islamic Organizations

In recent decades, Islamic educational institutions have been widely established in Indonesia. More importantly, these Islamic educational institutions have affiliations with Islamic organizations such as Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama, Nahdlatul Wathan in Lombok and even transnational Islamic organizations such as salafis. This study is focused on searching and analyzing to find a balance between the development of creativity and the ideological doctrine that exists in the body of Islamic education affiliated with Islamic organizations. The research method used is library research or literature study with a philosophical approach. This research proves that: (1) creativity finds its form in the ijtihad space as an effort to produce new perspectives; (2) embedded religious ideology contained in the curriculum taught in Aswaja and NU's Education, Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan, NW's, and salafi management; (3) Islamic education is not only limited to the doctrination of religious idoelogi alone.

scholarly journals Challenges and Problems of Learning Islamic Religious Education in the Digital Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Yeri Nofrianti ◽  
Arifmiboy Arifmiboy
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Sophisticated Technology

<p class="abstrak" align="center"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Abstract</span></strong></p><p>This study explains the challenges and solutions to problems that arise related to the presence of a digital based technology world, one of which leads to the world of Islamic education. Islamic religious education must reform and innovate its system. Because if this is not done, then Islamic Religious Education will be left behind, especially in relation to the learning process in the classroom. Currently, the presence of a sophisticated technology based learning model will certainly be a challenge and a separate problem for Islamic Religious Education, especially in the learning process that will be carried out, is Islamic Religious Education able to compete and not be left behind in today's digital era. This issue is certainly quite complicated for all related elements, because situations like this have never happened before. The research method used is Library Research, where the data taken comes from writings and literature that support this research. Preliminary findings show that today PAI must be able to compete and leave conventional ways to reform in accordance with the current situation. PAI is considered necessary to find solutions to the challenges and problems of Islamic Religious Education because this is an important aspect in the world of Islamic education, especially in order to be able to give birth to civilized humans and future leaders in accordance with Islamic teachings.</p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>: Challenges and Problems, Learning Islamic Religious Education, Digital Era</p><p class="abstrak" align="center"><strong><em>Abstrak</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p class="abstrak"><em>Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang tantangan dan solusi dari permasalahan yang muncul berkaitan dengan hadirnya dunia tekhnologi berbasis digital, dimana salah satunya mengarah kepada dunia Pendidikan Islam. Pendidikan Agama Islam harus melakukan pembaharuan dan inovasi terhadap systemnya. Karena jika ini tidak dilakukan, maka Pendidikan Agama Islam akan semakin tertinggal, terutama dalam hubungannya dengan proses belajar di kelas. Saat ini hadirnya model pembelajaran berbasis tekhnologi yang canggih tentu akan menjadi tantangan dan problematika tersendiri bagi Pendidikan Agama Islam khususnya dalam proses pembelajaran yang akan dilakukan, apakah Pendidikan Agama Islam mampu bersaing dan tidak tertinggal dalam era digital hari ini. Persoalan ini tentu cukup pelik dirasakan oleh semua unsur yang terkait, karena situasi dan keadaan seperti ini belum terjadi sebelumnya. Metode penelitian digunakan adalah Library Research, dimana data yang diambil berasal dari tulisan dan literatur yang mendukung penelitian ini. Hasil temuan awal menunjukkan bahwa hari ini PAI harus mampu bersaing dan meninggalkan cara-cara konvensional menuju pembaharuan yang sesuai dengan keadaan saat ini. PAI dianggap perlu mencarikan solusi atas tantangan dan problematika Pendidikan Agama Islam karena hal ini merupakan aspek penting dalam dunia Pendidikan Islam khususnya agar mampu melahirkan manusia beradab dan pemimpin masa depan yang sesuai dengan ajaran Islam</em><em>.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em>: Tantangan dan Problematika, Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, Era Digital</em><strong>  </strong></p>

scholarly journals KALINDAQDAQ TRADITION OF MANDAR COMMUNITY IN WEST SULAWESI: ISLAMIC EDUCATION STUDY BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-309
Author(s):  
Ridhwan Ridhwan ◽  
Sri Astuti A. Samad ◽  
Khaeruddin Kiramang ◽  
Hasan Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Educational Values ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Education Study ◽  
Education Process

Kalindaqdaq is a literary work of Mandar community which is considered as an old poetry and one of the actualizations of religion and local wisdom harmonization. Several studies on Kalindaqdaq have been conducted but none explores from ethno-pedagogical perspective. This study is aimed at supporting the importance of local wisdom in Islamic education because the education process cannot be separated from the expression of culture and customary orders proven to be capable of educating humans.  This study employs a qualitative method with ethno pedagogical approach. The data are collected through a library research by identifying, selecting, and reviewing research outputs relevant to the topic and literary works about Kalindaqdaq. The analysis is conducted by finding out the integration or interconnection relationships of the local wisdom with education. The findings reveal that Kalindaqdaq functions as a means of religious education, morals, traditional socialization media, communication tools for traditional narratives and entertainment. Kalindaqdaq as a cultural product contains Islamic educational values, such as monotheism, worship, morals, social and heroism. The implication of this study derives from the findings. The findings imply that kalindaqdaq is important under an ethnopedagogical perspective, applicable in the educational process. This study is the evidence of Islam and local wisdom harmonization, which highly supports the development of Islamic education as an integral part of education in Indonesia.Kalindaqdaq merupakan karya sastra masyarakat Mandar yang tergolong sebagai puisi lama dan dianggap sebagai salah satu aktualisasi harmonisasi agama dan kearifan lokal. Beberapa penelitian tentang Kalindaqdaq telah dilakukan tetapi belum ada yang mengeksplorasi harmonisasi pendidikan Islam dan kearifan lokal dengan perspektif etnopedagogis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnopedagogis. Signifikansi kajian ini adalah untuk menegaskan bahwa keberadaan kearifan lokal dalam pendidikan Islam menjadi penting karena proses pendidikan tidak lepas dari ekspresi budaya dan tatanan adat yang dapat mendidik manusia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dengan mengidentifikasi, memilih, dan mengkaji literature ilmiah yang relevan dengan topik penelitian dan karya sastra tentang Kalindaqdaq. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui keterpaduan atau keterkaitan kearifan lokal dengan pendidikan. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa Kalindaqdaq memiliki fungsi sebagai sarana pendidikan agama, moral, media sosialisasi tradisional, alat komunikasi untuk narasi tradisional dan hiburan. Kalindaqdaq sebagai produk budaya mengandung nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam seperti tauhid, ibadah, akhlak, sosial dan kepahlawanan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini berasal dari temuan. Temuan ini menyiratkan bahwa kalindaqdaq penting dari perspektif etnopedagogis, yaitu penggunaan kearifan lokal dalam proses pendidikan. Kajian ini merupakan bukti harmonisasi dan adat Islam serta mendukung pengembangan pendidikan Islam sebagai bagian integral dari pendidikan di Indonesia.

Kajian pelu dan tidaknya penambahan term Budi Pekerti dalam konten buku Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti untuk siswa SMU

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Salim Ashar
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Holistic Education ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Split Personality ◽  
Objective View ◽  
The Right ◽  
Scientific Value

Character is a complicated issue, even considered an abstract problem. It is said to be abstract because the concept of manners is not yet operational. While good and bad standards for morals are in the objective view of God the Creator of man. If the character is ethics, it is very dangerous, because some of its value will be contrary to the moral lessons that exist in religious subjects. When both are taught (ethics and morals) then the threat is the students will later experience what is called a split personality, that is split personality. Students become confused because there are conflicting values, such as good values ​​in the sense of morals and good value in manners (call: ethics). There is no honest terminology of Arabic versions, honest English versions, false witnesses of Arabic and French versions, as there is no terminology about Arab or Turkish morality. This applies to humans when there is a pattern of intersection between ethical values ​​and customs: ethical values ​​derive from the "right" way (revelation), whereas customs are derived from the habits The purpose of this study are: 1) Describing whether or not the addition manners in the lessons of Islamic Religious Education. 2) Describe the material (content) in the lesson of Islamic Education and the intersection of Budi Pekerti based on traditional perspectives. This study uses "Library Research". The research data used is secondary data. Data collection techniques used are documentation. Data processing is done by conducting the activity of review, verification and reduction, grouping and systematization, and interpretation or interpretation so that a phenomenon has social, academic, and scientific value. From the results of the discussion concluded: 1) Based on the perspective of Islam, the lessons of Islamic Religious Education need not be added with the character, because in fact holistic education includes in the Islamic Religious Education. 2) The content of Islamic Religious Education should include aspects of Islam, ie Aqidah, Shari'ah and Akhlak which are taught in a balanced way, but the lesson of character can be combined as long as the adat is the custom of the Muslims.

scholarly journals Salat Sebagai Basis Pendidikan Agama Islam: Analisis Teori Cliffort Geertz

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Riyadl Mauludi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Cultural Process ◽  
Theory Of Religion ◽  
Cultural Processes

Abstrak: Salat lima waktu merupakan ibadah yang utama dalam Islam. Banyak kemuliaan dan keistimewaan dalam ibadah ini. Perintah wajib dan dilakukan sebanyak lima kali dalam semalam menjadikan salat sebagai ibadah yang sudah melekat di hati umat Islam. Bagi umat Islam yang beriman dan bertakwa, selain dihinggapi perasaan berdosa, meninggalkan salat juga menjadikan pelakunya menjadi tidak tenang. Sehingga dari sini secara tidak langsung salat sudah memberikan manfaat positif bagi siapa yang menjalankannya. Inilah yang dinamakan dengan pendidikan. Cliffort Geertz dengan teorinya Agama sebagai Budaya menempatkan ibadah salat sebagai simbol-simbol sakral yang akan memengaruhi proses sosial atau budaya. Proses sosial atau budaya inilah yang akan menjadi basis pendidikan agama bagi umat Islam dan tentu dengan sebuah pendidikan akan mengubah hasil budi daya seseorang, khususnya seorang muslim bahkan umat Islam. Hal ini menarik bagi peneliti untuk mencari titik temu antara kewajiban ibadah salat tersebut dengan teori yang dipaparkan oleh Geertz. Sehingga hal ini menjadi hal yang perlu untuk dianalisis lebih dalam. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan dengan mencari sumber-sumber yang membahas masalah salat dan teori Cliffort Geertz. Abstract : Prayer As a Basis for Islamic Education: an Analysis of The Theory of Cliffort Geertz: The five daily prayers are the main worship in Islam. Lots of glory and privilege in this worship. Mandatory orders and carried out five times a day make prayer as a worship that is inherent in the hearts of Muslims. For the faithful and pious Muslims, besides being infested with feelings of sin, leaving the prayers also makes the perpetrators uneasy. So that indirectly prayer has provided positive benefits for those who carry it out. This is what is called education. Cliffort Geertz with his theory of Religion as Culture places the prayer as sacred symbols that will influence social or cultural processes. This social or cultural process will be the basis of religious education for Muslims and certainly with an education will change the results of one's cultivation, especially a Muslim and even Muslims. This is interesting for researchers to look for a meeting point between the obligations of the prayer with the theory presented by Geertz. So this is something that needs to be analyzed more deeply. This research method uses the literature method by searching for sources that discuss the issue of prayer and Cliffort Geertz's theory. Kata Kunci : Salat, Pendidikan, Cliffort Geertz, Agama, Budaya

scholarly journals PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM : PERSPEKTIF IBNU KHALDUN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Sari Wulandari ◽  
Amaliyah Amaliyah ◽  
Andy Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Contextual Learning ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Educational Thought ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
Library Research

This study aims to describe: 1) the objectives of Islamic Education according to Ibn Khaldun, 2) the concept of contextual learning according to Ibn Khaldun, 3) the relevance of Ibn Khaldun's educational thought to modern contextual learning. The research method used in this study is library research. While the analytical method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that, 1) the purpose of Ibn Khaldun's contextual learning is to form a perfect human person, while at the same time forming a human personality to be able to live in society, 2) the concept of contextual learning according to Ibnu Khaldun is practically realistic, namely the concept of learning oriented to experience and realistic towards the needs of human life, 3) Ibn Khaldun's educational thought is relevant to modern contextual learning.

scholarly journals Teacher's Responsibility in Islamic Education (Relevance of Hamka and Hasan Langgulung Thought)

PALAPA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-181
Author(s):  
Nurhadi Nurhadi ◽  
Muhammad Irhamuddin Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Social Education ◽  
Psychiatric Education ◽  
Library Research

Duties and responsibilities of teachers are not limited in society, even teachers included in this case are essentially strategic components that have an important role and responsibility in determining the progress of the nation's life and become the foundation of expectations of children's parents to make their children good children (anaks haleh) who know how to carry out their religious obligations and have a noble character (akhlak al-karimah). This study aims to determine; What are the Responsibilities of Teachers in Islamic Education according to Hasan Langgulung's Thought ?. What are the Responsibilities of Teachers in Islamic Education according to Buya Hamka's Thought ?. What is the relevance of Hasan Langgulung and Buya Hamka's thoughts on the Responsibilities of Teachers in Islamic Education ?. This research is a library research that uses various sources of literature as a source of research data. Primary data sources are the book Hamka Institution of Life and Budi and Hasan Langgulung Man and Education, An Analysis of Psychology, Philosophy and Education. While secondary data sources in research are books, articles, magazines, newspapers, or other sources, which are then drawn from these data. Based on the results of the processed data, it can be seen that the responsibilities of Teachers in Islamic Education according to Buya Hamka's thinking based on the explanation above, then the responsibility of educators namely educating: a). Faith Education; b). Moral education (morals); c). Physical education (physical and spiritual); d). Community social education; e). Intellectual education. While the Responsibility of Teachers in Islamic Education according to Hasan Langgulung's Thought covers at least 7 things, namely: a). Religious education which includes religious education, aqeedah and worship; b). Moral education (morals); c). Physical education which includes physical education and health; d). Psychological education consisting of psychiatric education and feelings; e). Community social education; f). Intellectual education. The relevance of the thoughts of Buya Hamka and Hasan Langgulung about the Responsibilities of Teachers in Islamic Education can be seen that Education basically revolves around science, charity, morals, and justice. All three are concepts that must be interconnected in the education process. Education for humans is not only to fulfill internal interests as dynamic creatures, but also external interests, namely the orderly and harmonious organization of human civilization.

Moderasi Dalam Pendidikan Islam dan Perspektif Pendidikan Nasional

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Muhidin Muhidin ◽  
Muhammad Makky ◽  
Mohamad Erihadiana
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Values ◽  
Moderation Process

This study is a qualitative research with library research instrument. The data used are qualitative data in the form of descriptions, presentations, and writings relevant to the research topic, which are referred to from books, journals, and articles. This research method is descriptive, which describes data from library materials according to relevant studies. The data was collected using a documentary technique, in which the data was extracted from documents from various library materials, then analyzed using content analysis. With this technique, qualitative data is sorted, categorized (grouped) with similar data. The contents are critically analyzed so that a concrete formulation is formulated which is then explained in depth. The emergence of several phenomena in this country such as the issue of terrorism, Islamophobia, excessive demonstrations, discrimination against one group and blasphemers of religion, made the government realize that Indonesia is a large country that has hundreds of tribes and languages. Ways are needed to maintain that sovereignty, one of which is by providing an understanding in education about the application of moderation in everyday life. Some Islamic values that need to be understood and implemented in the moderation process of Islamic education are: Tawasuth, Tawazun, I'tidal, Tasamuh, Musawah, Shura, Islah, Awlawiyah, Tathawur, Tahaddhur.

scholarly journals INCLUSIVISM AND EXCLUSIVISM AS WELL AS THEIR EFFECT ON ISLAMIC EDUCATION BASED MULTICULTURAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Dhikrul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Library Research

Abstract. The majority of Indonesia's population embraces Islam, there are some of other religions and beliefs that are also recognized and adhered to by residents in this country, Christians, Catholics, Hindus, Buddhists and Confucians. Indonesian society is a society with a very complex level of diversity, the diversity is known as a multicultural society. This implies that without media in the form of education, plural theology will be difficult to develop in Indonesia. With education, we can have strong basics in understanding differences because essentially education is a process of "an effort to humanize humans". This method of scientific work uses qualitative methods with a library research approach. The results of this scientific work are, Religious education based multicultural that is a process of awareness based on tolerance which is intended as a comprehensive effort to prevent conflicts between religions, prevent religious radicalism, while at the same time foster the realization of positive appreciative attitudes towards plurality, inclusivism in dimensions and any perspective does not promote exclusivism. Religion should be able to be a promoter for humanity to always uphold the peace and improve the welfare of all human beings on this earth. Unfortunately, in real life, religion is often been one of the causes of humanity's violence and destruction. Thus, the fulcrum of religious education based multicultural inclusivism actually lies in the understanding and the effort to live together in the context of religious and cultural differences.

scholarly journals STANDAR PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DAN STANDAR PROSES PADA ANAK DALAM QS. LUQMAN (31):12-19 DAN QS. AL-KAHFI (18): 60-82

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Aset Sugiana
Keyword(s):  
Private Education ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Islamic Values

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan standar pendidikan Islam dan standar proses dalam QS. Luqman (31):12-19 dan QS. Al-Kahfi (18):60-82. Metode penelitian ini adalah menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan yang akan dianalisis atau disimpulkan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil pencatatan nilai-nilai keislaman yang ditemukan dalam QS. Luqman (31): 12-19 dan QS. Al-Kahfi (18): 60-82. Langkah-langkah pengadaan data meliputi: (1) penentuan standar pendidikan Islam dan standar proses yang terdapat dalam QS. Luqman (31): 12-19 dan QS. Al-Kahfi (18): 60-82; (2) pencatatan; dan (3) penentuan satuan unit. Keabsahan data didiskusikan dan dikonsultasikan penemuan-penemuan data kepada para ahli dan teman sebaya.  Teknik analisis yang peneliti gunakan yaitu mengklasifikasikan, menggabungkan, menafsirkan, dan menyimpulkan. Hasil penelitian dalam QS. Luqman (31): 12-19 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat standar pendidikan, yaitu: (1) pendidikan ketauhidan; (2) pendidikan berbakti kepada kedua orang tua; (3) pendidikan disiplin dan taat terhadap hukum; (4) pendidikan pribadi mandiri dan bertanggung jawab; dan (5) pendidikan akhlaqul karimah. Dan standar proses dalam QS. Al-Kahfi (18): 60-82, yaitu: (1)  nilai kesabaran dan tekat; (2) nilai urgenitas menyiapkan bekal; (3) sikap tawadhu’; dan (4) nilai urgensi menjelaskan materi pelajaran.Kata kunci: standar pendidikan Islam, standar proses, QS. Luqman (31): 12-19, QS. Al-Kahfi (18): 60-82.ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS AND STANDARDIZED PROCESSES IN CHILDREN QS. LUQMAN (31): 12-19 AND QS. AL-CAVE (18): 60-82AbstractThis research aims to describe the standards of Islamic education and the standards process in QS. Luqman (31): 12-19 and QS. Al-Cave (18): 60-82. This research method used library research to be analyzed or concluded.  Research data obtained from the results of the recording of Islamic values that are found in the QS. Luqman (31): 12-19 and QS. Al-Cave (18): 60-82. The steps of procurement data include: (1) the determination of the standard of Islamic education and standards process contained in the QS. Luqman (31): 12-19 and QS. Al-Cave (18): 60-82; (2) record-keeping; and (3) the determination of the unit. The validity of the data is discussed and consulted on data findings to experts and peers.  Technique of data analysis used ie classifies, combine, interpret, and conclude. Research results in QS. Luqman (31): 12-19 and indicates that there are educational standards, namely: (1) whence are education; (2) education dedicated to both parents; (3) education of discipline and obedience of the law; (4) private education independent and responsible; and (5) education akhlaqul karimah. And the standards process in respect of QS. Al-Cave (18): 60-82, namely: (1) the value of patience and determined; (2) the value of the urgenitas prepare; (3) tawadhu' attitude; and (4) the value of the urgency to explain the subject matter.

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