scholarly journals Hubungan Kondisi Jamban Keluarga Dan Sarana Air Bersih Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Arosbaya Bangkalan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 820-832
Author(s):  
Saktya Yudha Ardhi Utama ◽  
Aini Inayati ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto
Keyword(s):  
Clean Water ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Healthy Behaviour ◽  
Test Result

Latar Belakang: Diare masih merupakan penyebab kematian balita di Indonesia. Masalah kesehatan seperti diare dapat dicegah, jika masyarakat mempraktikkan perilaku hidup sehat dan berpartisipasi dalam menjaga sanitasi lingkungan. Jumlah diare pada balita di Puskesmas Arosbaya terjadi peningkatan.Objektif: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kondisi jamban keluarga dan sarana air bersih dengan kejadian diare pada balita.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keluarga dengan anak balita yang tinggal di daerah Arosbaya dengan sampel yang digunakan 21 responden yang dihitung dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji statistik korelasi spearman’s rho.Hasil: Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kondisi jamban keluarga dengan kejadian diare pada balita (p = 0.001). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kondisi sarana air bersih dengan kejadian diare pada balita (p = 0,009).Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa jamban keluarga dan sarana air bersih yang buruk berhubungan dan mendorong diare pada anak balita. Dari penelitian ini disarankan untuk memperbaiki sanitasi lingkungan seperti jamban keluarga dan sarana air bersih untuk mengurangi diare. Kata kunci : jamban keluarga, sarana air bersih, diare, balita Background: Diarrhea is still a cause of under-five children mortality in Indonesia. Health problems such as diarrhea can be prevented, if the community practice healthy behaviour and participate in taking care of the environmental sanitation. The  number of diarrhea in children under five at Puskesmas Arosbaya has increase. Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation of condition of family latrine and clean water facilities with occurence of diarrhea in under-five children. Method: This study was an descriptive analytic research using cross sectional design. The population of this study was families with under-five children that live in Arosbaya region with sample consisted 21 respondents which are  counted using purposive sampling. The analysis used was Spearman’s rho correlation statistic test. Result: This result showed that there was a correlation between the condition of family latrine with occurence of diarrhea in under-five children (p = 0,001). And the result of study showed that there was a correlation between the condition of clean water facilities with occurence of diarrhea in under-five children (p = 0,009).Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was that bad family latrine dan clean water facilities are related and encourages the diarrhea in under-five children. From this study suggested to repair environmental sanitation such as family latrine and clean water facilities to decrease diarrhea.Keyword: family latrine, clean water facilities, diarrhea, under-five children.

scholarly journals Faktor Prediksi Persepsi Ibu tentang Diare pada Balita

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Joko Supono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

Diare pada balita masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di Indonesia. Persepsi keseriusan penyakit diare yang rendah merupakan kendala upaya menurunkan angka kesakitan diare. Penelitian yang menggunakan desain cross sectional ini bertujuan menguji hubungan antara faktor pengetahuan, pengalaman kontak, dan kepercayaan, dengan persepsi ibu terhadap diare pada balita. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah ibu balita yang bermukim di Kecamatan Bekasi Utara, Jawa barat. Dari hasil penelitian terbukti bahw pengetahuan, pengalaman kontak, dan kepercayaan berhubungan secara bermakna dengan persepsi ibu terhadap diare pada balita. Ibu balita yang berpengetahuan rendah berisiko 2,5 kali untuk berpersepsi diare sebagai penyakit biasa daripada ibu yang berpengetahuan tinggi (OR: 2,535; 95%CI: 1,321 – 4,866) setelah variabel pendidikan dikendalikan. Ibu balita yang tidak pernah berpengalaman kontak berisiko hampir 5 kali lebih besar untuk berpersepsi diare sebagai penyakit biasa daripada ibu balita yang pernah kontak (OR: 4,761; 95% CI: 1,853 - 12,235). Ibu balita dengan kepercayaan rendah berisiko 0,4 kali untuk mempersepsikan diare sebagai penyakit biasa lebih kecil daripada ibu dengan kepercayaan tinggi setelah variabel jumlah balita dikendalikan (OR: 0,392; 95%CI: 0,195 - 0,765). Upaya memperbaiki persepsi ibu balita disarankan dengan meningkatkan program promosi kesehatan yang dilakukan melalui peningkatan pengetahuan, menciptakan pengalaman dengan model simulasi, serta merasionalkan kepercayaan tentang diare pada balita di masyarakat.Kata kunci : Diare pada balita, persepsi, pengetahuan, pengalaman kontak, kepercayaanAbstractDiarrhea among under-five children is still a major problem in developing countries such as Indonesia. The low perception to the seriousness of diarrhea is one of the obstacles in decreasing the diarrhea frequency. Using cross sectional design, this research aims to find the relationship between knowledge, contact experience, and belief about diarrhea on under five children with the perception of mothers towards the seriousness of diarrhea. The research population is mothers with under five children in Bekasi Utara district, and 175 subjects were selected randomly across 6 regions (kelurahan). This research showed that knowledge, contact experience and belief have significant relation with the perception towards the seriousness of diarrhea on under five children. Mothers who had limited knowledge had chance 2,5 times more than mothers who had wide knowledge to perceive that diarrhea was not serious (OR: 2.535; 95%CI: 1.321 – 4.866) after education variable was controlled. Mothers who had no experience with diarrhea had chance almost 5 times more than mothers who had experience to perceive that diarrhea was not serious (OR: 4.761; 95%CI: 1.853 – 12.235). Mothers who had low belief had chance 0.4 times more than mothers who had high belief to perceive that diarrhea was not serious (OR: 0.392; 95%CI: 0.195 – 0.765) after the number of under five children was controlled. The effort to improve the perception of mothers towards diarrhea can be conducted by improving the program to promote health, such as enhancing the knowledge/ awareness, creating contact experience by simulation model, and by rationalizing belief about diarrhea.Keywords : Diarrhea, perception, knowledge, contact experience, belief

scholarly journals The relationship between environmental sanitation of family and stunting among underfive children: A cross-sectional study in the public health center of Jember, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Nur Ainy ◽  
Tantut Susanto ◽  
Latifa Aini Susumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
The Public ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Relationship

Background & Aim: Unhealthy environmental sanitation contributes to stunting among under-five children that correlated several factors, such as the house components, sanitation facilities, and behavior of poor food sanitation hygiene. This study aims to identify the relationship between family and stunting's environmental sanitation among under-five children in the Public Health Center in Indonesia. Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 393 families with under-five children in the public health center of Panti of Jember district, East Java of Indonesia, using consecutive sampling from December 2019 to January 2020. A selfadministered questionnaire was used to measure participants’ characteristics and environmental sanitation. A Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Results: Among 67.2% of families were unhealthy environmental sanitation. Meanwhile, children who suffer from stunting were 56.2%. There was a significant correlation between environmental sanitation of family and stunting among under-five children (χ2=38,440; p <0,001), The environmental sanitation of family had 0.254 times for a chance of stunting among under-five children (OR= 0.254; 95% CI= 0.163-0.397). Conclusions: The family’s unhealthy environmental sanitation of family is a relationship with stunting among under-five children. Improving healthy environmental sanitation should be maintained by involving the family to fulfill under-five children’s nutrition requirement based on height for age.

scholarly journals Household Sanitation as a Diarrhea Driving Factor of Under-Five Children in Bojonegoro Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Taufik Imadudin ◽  
Zida Husnina ◽  
Retno Adriyani
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Driving Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Diarrhea incidence in children under five increases by 11% in Indonesia during 2013 - 2018 that could be driven by poor environmental sanitation. This study examined the relationship between environmental sanitation with diarrhea incidence in children under five. Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design and used a total sampling technique of 81 underfive children. Primary data were collected by conducting interviews with parents using a structured questionnaire guideline and observation, including the source of drinking water, availability of healthy latrine, floor condition, and lighting. A Chi-square test (α = 0.05) was conducted to analyse the relationship between variables. Results and Discussion: There was a significant correlation between household sanitation and diarrhea incidence in under-five children (p = 0.040; PR = 1.202 [95% CI 0.987 – 1.463]). Conclusion: Poor household sanitation can be a driving factor in diarrhea incidence in under-five children, where households categorised as good sanitation have 1.2 times lower risk than poor sanitation

scholarly journals Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Risk Factors on the Prevalence of Diarrhea among Under-Five Children in the Rural Community of Dangila District, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bizuayehu Hailu ◽  
Wu Ji-Guo ◽  
Tadesse Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Background. Under-five diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Despite the tremendous achievement in reducing child mortality and morbidity in the last two decades, diarrhea is still the major causes of morbidity and mortality in resource-limited countries like Ethiopia due to the absence of clean water and poor sanitation and hygiene. Objective. This study aimed to assess the association of water, sanitation, and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in the rural community of Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 419 under-five children from October to December 2021 in Dangila district, Northwest Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, environmental, and behavioral data. Data were entered into Epi Info and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of diarrhea. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to compute the association of water, sanitation, and hygiene with diarrhea. Statistical significance was considered if P < 0.05 . Results. Among 419 participants, the prevalence of diarrhea was 106 (25.3%). The absence of handwashing habit of children (AOR = 7.70; 95% CI: 2.71–21.79) and caregivers after toilet (AOR = 19.10; 95% CI: 5.46–66.52), absence of latrine (AOR = 3.87; 95% CI: 1.24–12.08), playing with soil (AOR = 8.40; 95% CI: 4.58–36.66), and eating soil (AOR = 6.24; 95% CI: 1.99–19.78) were significantly associated with under-five diarrhea. Children who drink unprotected water were 2.21 times (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 0.51–9.69) more exposed to under-five diarrhea than who drink protected water, but it is not statistically significant ( P = 0.29 ). Conclusion. The prevalence of under-five diarrhea is high in Dangila district. The absence of clean water and poor handwashing practice and the absence of latrine are the main factors associated with diarrhea. Therefore, strengthening water, sanitation, and hygiene strategy in the rural community should be prioritized.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Diarrhea Based on Knowledge and Environmental Sanitation in Tanjung Lago Village Wetland Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Masagus M. Hakim ◽  
Irfanuddin ◽  
Hermansyah ◽  
Novrikasari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

UNICEF in 2013 reported more than 400 children die everyday. The prevalence of diarrhea occurs more in developing countries. Children under the age of five experience an average of 1.6 to 2.3 episodes of diarrhea per year. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of diarrhea based on knowledge and environmental sanitation in Tanjung Lago wetland area. This study used cross sectional design with quantitative approach. The sampling technique was simple random sampling with mapping. The sample was 145 housewives with children under five. It used univariate and bivariate analysis. The prevalence of diarrhea in Tanjung Lago was 13.8%. Only a portion of the respondents knew what diarrhea was (53.1%) and the cause of diarrhea (53.8%). The majority of respondents used river water as a source of clean water (91.0%) and refill water as a source of drinking water (98.6%). Most of respondents who have latrines were only less than 10m from daily sources of clean water (91.7%). There is no relationship between knowledge. quality of clean water and availability of latrines with the incidence of diarrhea on children under five. It is important to communicate. inform and educate the public about the environment that can be a medium for diarrhea transmission and the quality of clean water.

scholarly journals Mantoux Test in Under-five Children Visiting the out~patient Child Clinic of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 95-9
Author(s):  
A. Razak Dalimunthe ◽  
Ridwan M. Daulay ◽  
Iskandar Z. Lubis ◽  
Helmi Muchtar Lubis ◽  
Zakaria Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Test Result

To assess the difference of Mantoux test result of under-five children who bad had BCG vaccination and those who bad not, a cross sectional study was conducted in the out patient child clinic of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan. This study was conducted from February 6, 1990 until March 3, 1990 comprising 328 under-five children (164 who bad received BCG vaccination and 164 who bad not). We found positive Mantoux tests in 86.0% of under-five children who bad BCG vaccination and 9.2% of under-five children who not bad (P<0.001). Tbe diameter of induration of Mantoux tests in the under-five children who bad received BCG at the age of 1 year or less was significantly different from those who bad received it at the age of older than 1 year (P<0.001). Positive Mantoux test with a diameter of ≥ 5 mm, done after 1 year or more was found in 21. 7% of children who bad BCG vaccination in the neonatal period.

scholarly journals Rekomendasi Peningkatan Pemanfaatan Posyandu Oleh Ibu Balita Berdasarkan Analisis Total Customer Sacrifices

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayatul Mukaromah ◽  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Sacrifice

ABSTRACT                The coverage of under-five children weighed is an indicator of community participation in Posyandu. During 2012 until 2014, Puskesmas Kenjeran had not reached the target of this indicator. The objective of this study is to arrange recommendations for Posyandu utilization improvement based on total customer sacrifice analysis. This was a quantitative analytical study with observational approach and cross sectional design. The sampling was calculated by using multistage random sampling method. The interviews through instrument were conducted to 112 respondents to obtain information on Posyandu utilization and respondents sacrifice required to utilize Posyandu. The results showed that respondents thought time was the greatest sacrifice among monetary, energy, and psychological sacrifices. Spearman correlation test on any sacrifice required showed significant correlation (p<0.05), except for monetary sacrifice.This study concluded that even total customer sacrifices was very small, but the huge expense of time spent still made respondents to be less likely to utilize Posyandu. Therefore, efforts are needed to reduce the magnitude of the sacrifice required by community utilizing Posyandu in Puskesmas Kenjeran area. Keywords: Posyandu utilization, total customer sacrifices, under-five children                    weighed

Determinants of Screen Time Among Children Under Five Years: A Cross Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Raj ◽  
Norliza Ahmad ◽  
Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli ◽  
Zalilah Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Time Future

BACKGROUND Excessive screen time is detrimental to the child’s health. However, screen time situation among Malaysian children is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the prevalence and determinants of screen time among children under five years old using the latest WHO guidelines. METHODS A cross sectional design was used to randomly select 489 children from nine government health clinics. Total screen time and factors were assessed using validated self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Results show an overall prevalence of 91.4% with a median of 3.00 hours (IQR: 1.36-5.04). Majority of children watched television (66%), followed by mobile phones (30%) and computers (4%). The determinants of screen time were Malay ethnicity, (AOR 3.56, 95% CI: 1.65-7.68), parental age of 30 years or more (AOR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.58-6.16), parental screen time exceeding 2 hours a day (AOR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.24-4.73), parent’s moderate self-efficacy to influence child’s physical activity (AOR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.01-5.20) and parent’s positive perception on influence of screen time on child’s cognitive well-being (AOR 1.15, 95% CI:1.01-1.32). CONCLUSIONS Parents played an important role in determining their child’s screen time. Future interventions that focus on the parents may ensure age appropriate screen time for their children.

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

scholarly journals Hierarchical disentanglement of contextual from compositional risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
A. Olalekan Uthman ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractSeveral studies have documented the burden and risk factors associated with diarrhoea in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). To the best of our knowledge, the contextual and compositional factors associated with diarrhoea across LMIC were poorly operationalized, explored and understood in these studies. We investigated multilevel risk factors associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in LMIC. We analysed diarrhoea-related information of 796,150 under-five children (Level 1) nested within 63,378 neighbourhoods (Level 2) from 57 LMIC (Level 3) using the latest data from cross-sectional and nationally representative Demographic Health Survey conducted between 2010 and 2018. We used multivariable hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression models for data analysis. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was 14.4% (95% confidence interval 14.2–14.7) ranging from 3.8% in Armenia to 31.4% in Yemen. The odds of diarrhoea was highest among male children, infants, having small birth weights, households in poorer wealth quintiles, children whose mothers had only primary education, and children who had no access to media. Children from neighbourhoods with high illiteracy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.07, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.04–1.10] rates were more likely to have diarrhoea. At the country-level, the odds of diarrhoea nearly doubled (aOR = 1.88, 95% CrI 1.23–2.83) and tripled (aOR = 2.66, 95% CrI 1.65–3.89) among children from countries with middle and lowest human development index respectively. Diarrhoea remains a major health challenge among under-five children in most LMIC. We identified diverse individual-level, community-level and national-level factors associated with the development of diarrhoea among under-five children in these countries and disentangled the associated contextual risk factors from the compositional risk factors. Our findings underscore the need to revitalize existing policies on child and maternal health and implement interventions to prevent diarrhoea at the individual-, community- and societal-levels. The current study showed how the drive to the attainment of SDGs 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 will enhance the attainment of SDG 3.

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