scholarly journals Zirconia Materials for Dental Implants: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinying Qu ◽  
Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Implant Abutments ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Surface Modification Techniques

Titanium is currently the most commonly used material for manufacturing dental implants. However, its potential toxic effects and the gray color have resulted in increasing requests for metal-free treatment options. Zirconia is a type of ceramic materials that has been extensively used in medicine field, such as implant abutments and various joint replacement appliances. Amounts of clinical evaluations have indicated good biocompatibility for zirconia products. Besides, its toothlike color, low affinity for plaque and outstanding mechanical and chemical properties have made it an ideal candidate for dental implants. The aim of this study is to review the laboratory and clinical papers about several kinds of zirconia materials and zirconia surface modification techniques. Although there are plenty of literatures on these topics, most of the researches focused on the mechanical properties of the materials or based on cell and animal experiments. Randomized clinical trials on zirconia materials are still urgently needed to validate their application as dental implants.

Polymer-Graphene Nanoassemblies and their Applications in Cancer Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1340-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnurengam M. Sivakumar ◽  
Matin Islami ◽  
Ali Zarrabi ◽  
Arezoo Khosravi ◽  
Shohreh Peimanfard
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

Background and objective: Graphene-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties including two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superconductivity and good biocompatibility. On the other hand, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored as theranostics agents, the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. In recent years, grafting hydrophilic polymer moieties have been introduced as an efficient approach to improve the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials and obtain new nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. Methods and results: This review would illustrate biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity of polymergraphene nanoassemblies and summarize part of successes achieved in cancer treatment using such nanoassemblies. Conclusion: The observations showed successful targeting functionality of the polymer-GO conjugations and demonstrated a reduction of the side effects of anti-cancer drugs for normal tissues.

scholarly journals Investigation of Changes in Saliva in Radiotherapy-Induced Head Neck Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Christina Winter ◽  
Roman Keimel ◽  
Markus Gugatschka ◽  
Dagmar Kolb ◽  
Gerd Leitinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Head Neck Cancer ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Unstimulated Whole Saliva

The intact function of the salivary glands is of utmost importance for oral health. During radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors, the salivary glands can be damaged, causing the composition of saliva to change. This leads to xerostomia, which is a primary contributor to oral mucositis. Medications used for protective or palliative treatment often show poor efficacy as radiation-induced changes in the physico-chemical properties of saliva are not well understood. To improve treatment options, this study aimed to carefully examine unstimulated whole saliva of patients receiving radiation therapy and compare it with healthy unstimulated whole saliva. To this end, the pH, osmolality, electrical conductivity, buffer capacity, the whole protein and mucin concentrations, and the viscoelastic and adhesive properties were investigated. Moreover, hyaluronic acid was examined as a potential candidate for a saliva replacement fluid. The results showed that the pH of radiation-induced saliva shifted from neutral to acidic, the osmolality increased and the viscoelastic properties changed due to a disruption of the mucin network and a change in water secretion from the salivary glands. By adopting an aqueous 0.25% hyaluronic acid formulation regarding the lost properties, similar adhesion characteristics as in healthy, unstimulated saliva could be achieved.

scholarly journals Biomimetic nanotherapy: core–shell structured nanocomplexes based on the neutrophil membrane for targeted therapy of lymphoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangqiang Zhao ◽  
Duanfeng Jiang ◽  
Xiaoying Sun ◽  
Qiuyu Mo ◽  
Shaobin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Lymphoma Therapy

Abstract Background Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a malignant disease of lymphoid tissue. At present, chemotherapy is still the main method for the treatment of NHL. R-CHOP can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. Unfortunately, DOX is the main cytotoxic drug in R-CHOP and it can lead to adverse reactions. Therefore, it is particularly important to uncover new treatment options for NHL. Results In this study, a novel anti-tumor nanoparticle complex Nm@MSNs-DOX/SM was designed and constructed in this study. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with Doxorubicin (DOX) and anti-inflammatory drugs Shanzhiside methylester (SM) were used as the core of nanoparticles. Neutrophil membrane (Nm) can be coated with multiple nanonuclei as a shell. DOX combined with SM can enhance the anti-tumor effect, and induce apoptosis of lymphoma cells and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors related to tumorigenesis depending on the regulation of Bcl-2 family-mediated mitochondrial pathways, such as TNF-α and IL-1β. Consequently, the tumor microenvironment (TME) was reshaped, and the anti-tumor effect of DOX was amplified. Besides, Nm has good biocompatibility and can enhance the EPR effect of Nm@MSNs-DOX/SM and increase the effect of active targeting tumors. Conclusions This suggests that the Nm-modified drug delivery system Nm@MSNs-DOX/SM is a promising targeted chemotherapy and anti-inflammatory therapy nanocomplex, and may be employed as a specific and efficient anti-Lymphoma therapy.

The right to choose treatment-without-treatment: respecting civil rights or an unprecedented manifestation of ‘reverse stigma’?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Konstantinos N Fountoulakis ◽  
Kyriakos Souliotis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Minister ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

AbstractRecently the Norwegian Health Minister ordered the creation of medication-free treatment wards as a result of the lobbying by patients’ groups and activists. The idea behind this is that patients should have the right to choose their treatment, but for the first time, with this arrangement, the user/patient does not choose between treatment options; he literally determines by himself what efficacious treatment is. In our opinion this is another step towards a ‘reverse stigma’ which denies patients the right to be considered as such and eventually kicks them out of the health care system, deprives them of the right for proper treatment and care and instead puts them at the jurisdiction of the much cheaper and ineffective social services.

scholarly journals Biocompatible Material from Indonesian Natural Resource of Wild Silkmoth Cocoon

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia ◽  
Zdenek Knejzlík ◽  
Tomáš Ruml ◽  
I Wayan Surata ◽  
Tjokorda Sari Nindhia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Biocompatibility Testing ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Silk can be produced by spider or insect and have prospect as biomaterial for regenerative healing in medical treatment. Silk having physical and chemical properties that support biocompatibility in the living things..In this research, silk that was obtained from Indonesia natural resource of Attacus atlas silkmoth was explored and then will be  developed for biocompatible biomaterial. The treatment with NaOH was developed to separate the fiber from the cocoon. The obtained fiber is investigated its mechanical property by performing tensile test for single fiber. The biocompatibility testing was conducted with human cell (osteosarccoma) cultivation. The result identify that separation by using NaOH yield better better mechanical properties comparing konvenstional method with boiling in hot water. Biocompatibility testing indicate that the the fiber having good biocompatibility.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Inferences from Clinical Reports of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan M Jenkins ◽  
Tyler R McCaw ◽  
Paul A Goepfert
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Type I ◽  
Interferon Signaling ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Initial Clinical Trial ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Clinical Trial Results

SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the causative pathogen in an outbreak of viral pneumonia cases originating in Wuhan, China, with an ensuing rapid global spread that led it to be declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. Given the threat to public health posed by sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the literature surrounding patient presentation in severe and non-severe cases, transmission rates and routes, management strategies, and initial clinical trial results have become available at an unprecedented pace. In this review we collate current clinical and immunologic reports, comparing these to reports of previous coronaviruses to identify mechanisms driving progression to severe disease in some patients. In brief, we propose a model wherein dysregulated type I interferon signaling leads to aberrant recruitment and accumulation of innate immune lineages in the lung, impairing establishment of productive adaptive responses, and permitting a pathologic pro-inflammatory state. Finally, we extend these findings to suggest possible treatment options that may merit investigation in randomized clinical trials.

scholarly journals Application of Immediate Loaded Mini Dental Implants for Retaining Mandibular Overdenture Prosthesis in Edentulous Patients: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10724
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz A. AlHelal
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Marginal Bone Loss ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Mandibular Overdenture

The aim was to systematically review the efficacy of immediate loaded mini dental implants (MDIs) to retain mandibular overdentures in regards to survival rates of MDIs, peri-implant clinical and radiographic tissue response and associated factors. A literature search of English literature was performed using Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and PubMed using predetermined inclusion criteria. Specific terms were utilized in searching from the inception of the respective databases up to April 2021. The focused question was: Do immediate loaded MDIs supporting mandibular overdentures present favorable treatment options for prosthetic rehabilitation? The 11 articles included in the present review examined 349 patients (198 males + 171 females [66.65 ± 6.28 years]) in which 1190 MDIs were placed to retain mandibular overdentures. The mean follow-up duration was 24.5 months. The cumulative survival rate of MDIs was 97.3%. The mean scores of plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing ranged between 0–3, 0–3, and 1.203–1.76 respectively, whereas the mean marginal bone loss values ranged from 0.42 ± 0.56 mm to 1.26 ± 0.64 mm. The results identified that the application of immediate loaded MDIs to retain mandibular overdentures are a potential treatment modality for edentulous patients.

Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guili Ge ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Mingjian Chen ◽  
Zhaoyang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
New Type ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Carbon dots (CDs) are a new type of carbon nanomaterial that have unique physical and chemical properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, easy surface functionalization, making them widely used in biological...

Essential thrombocythaemia

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-167
Author(s):  
Carlos Besses ◽  
Beatriz Bellosillo ◽  
Alberto Alvarez-Larrán ◽  
Tariq I. Mughal
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
Essential Thrombocythaemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Histology ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Thrombosis Risk ◽  
Cytoreductive Treatment ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Thrombotic Complications

Essential thrombocythaemia is a classic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by thrombocytosis, increased risk of thrombotic and/or haemorrhagic complications, and a trend to transformation to myelofibrosis and acute leukaemia. Mutations in JAK2, CALR, and MPL genes besides bone marrow histology are crucial elements of diagnosis. Treatment is aimed to prevent the appearance of thrombotic complications that are the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, thrombosis risk stratification is of the utmost importance to select the appropriate treatment. Antiplatelet therapy as primary antithrombotic prophylaxis in low-risk patients should be tailored according to the existence of extreme thrombocytosis and presence of JAK2V617F mutation and/or cardiovascular risk factors. Cytoreductive treatment options are discussed with reference to results of randomized clinical trials. Practical approach to unusual and risk situations as surgery, pregnancy, and paediatric essential thrombocythaemia are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Case Commentary: the Need for Cefiderocol Is Clear, but Are the Supporting Clinical Data?

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan K. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Salvage Therapy ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Gram Negative

ABSTRACT Cefiderocol is a newly approved siderophore cephalosporin that demonstrates expanded in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In two challenging cases reported here, cefiderocol shows potential utility as salvage therapy against difficult-to-treat pathogens with limited or no treatment options; however, two multicenter, randomized clinical trials have yielded mixed results among cefiderocol-treated patients. Taken together, clinicians must balance a clear need for cefiderocol in clinical practice with the uncertainties that have stemmed from the available data.

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