scholarly journals The Utility of Exosomes in Diagnosis and Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoxiang Sun ◽  
Qing Tao ◽  
Xueqin Wu ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cell Type Specificity ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemics

Diabetes mellitus and the associated complications are metabolic diseases with high morbidity that result in poor quality of health and life. The lack of diagnostic methods for early detection results in patients losing the best treatment opportunity. Oral hypoglycemics and exogenous insulin replenishment are currently the most common therapeutic strategies, which only yield temporary glycemic control rather than curing the disease and its complications. Exosomes are nanoparticles containing bioactive molecules reflecting individual physiological status, regulating metabolism, and repairing damaged tissues. They function as biomarkers of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. Considering that exosomes are bioactive molecules, can be obtained from body fluid, and have cell-type specificity, in this review, we highlight the multifold effects of exosomes in the pathology and therapy of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvents as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Metabolic Related Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cixin Huang ◽  
Xiunian Chen ◽  
Chao Wei ◽  
Hongwei Wang ◽  
Hua Gao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Drug Solubility ◽  
Low Toxicity

Metabolic related diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis are major challenges for human health and safety worldwide due to their associations with high morbidity and mortality. It is of great significance to develop the effective active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) delivery systems for treatment of metabolic diseases. With their unique merits like easy preparation, high adjustability, low toxicity, low cost, satisfactory stability and biodegradation, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are unarguably green and sustainable API delivery systems that have been developed to improve drug solubility and treat metabolic related diseases including cancer, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Many reports about DESs as API delivery systems in the therapy of cancer, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis exist but no systematic overview of these results is available, which motivated the current work.

scholarly journals Addressing Stem Cell Therapeutic Approaches in Pathobiology of Diabetes and Its Complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bou-Yue Peng ◽  
Navneet Kumar Dubey ◽  
Viraj Krishna Mishra ◽  
Feng-Chou Tsai ◽  
Rajni Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

High morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the human population is a serious threat which needs to be addressed cautiously. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are most prevalent forms. Disruption in insulin regulation and resistance leads to increased formation and accumulation of advanced end products (AGEs), which further enhance oxidative and nitrosative stress leading to microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular complications. These complications affect the normal function of organ and tissues and may cause life-threatening disorders, if hyperglycemia persists and improperly controlled. Current and traditional treatment procedures are only focused on to regulate the insulin level and do not cure the diabetic complications. Pancreatic transplantation seemed a viable alternative; however, it is limited due to lack of donors. Cell-based therapy such as stem cells is considered as a promising therapeutic agent against DM and diabetic complications owing to their multilineage differentiation and regeneration potential. Previous studies have demonstrated the various impacts of both pluripotent and multipotent stem cells on DM and its micro- and macrovascular complications. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of stem cells to treat DM and its related complications.

H19: A vital long noncoding RNA in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiqi Zhu ◽  
Yuanyang Li ◽  
Fangqi Xia ◽  
Mengzhen Xue ◽  
Yaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Background: Increasing academic efforts have been made to explore the correlation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with human diseases, particularly metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus. Taking lncRNA H19 as an example, this review intends to reveal the functions and mechanism of lncRNA H19 in diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. Methods: The research results associated with lncRNA H19 and diabetes mellitus are collected and summarized on PubMed. Conclusion: LncRNA H19 is a potential instructive marker for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Vitamins Status of Diabetic Subjects Supplemented with Antioxidant Rich Supplement (Alphabetic) Attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Yahya Abbas ◽  
Y. Saidu ◽  
M. J. Ladan ◽  
M. H. Dalhat ◽  
A. A. Sabir
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion / insulin action or both which could leads to increase level of oxidative stress and decrease in antioxidant defense system and may play role in the development of diabetic complications. The present study examines the effects of antioxidant rich supplements (Alphabetic) on antioxidant status of one hundred (100) diabetic subjects attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) for at least one year and the results were compared with those of fifty (50) diabetes mellitus non-supplemented and fifty (50) apparently healthy non-diabetic subjects. Standard analytical procedures were used for all the parameters measured including the effects of supplementation on Fasting Blood Glucose, oxidative stress marker (MDA), Reduced gluthathione and antioxidant vitamins (C, E and β-carotene) parameters were evaluated. The results revealed that the supplementation significantly (P˂0.05) reduce Serum glucose and Malondialdehyde and also significantly (P˂0.05) increases Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Reduced glutathione compared with the non-supplement group. The findings suggests that supplementation with Alphabetic might reduce the risk of oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus leading to diabetic complications and might be beneficial in the routine treatment of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Property of a Fraction of the Methanol Extract of the Seeds of Abrusprecatorius in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Ebele Lauretta Iloanya ◽  
Okwesili Fred Chiletugo Nwodo ◽  
Obiajulu Christian Ezeigwe ◽  
Ogochukwu Rita Ngwu ◽  
Valentine Osita Godwin Nwobodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Methanol Fraction

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects of insulin secretion and/or increased cellular resistance to insulin. Abrusprecatoriushas been used for the treatment of various ailments including diabetes mellitus. This study is aimed at evaluating the possible anti-diabetic effect of the methanol fraction 2 (F2) of the seeds of Abrusprecatoriusin alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. Methods: The methanol extract of the seeds of A. precatorius Linn Fabaceae was fractionated by Sephadex G15. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of 150 mg/kg bodyweight of alloxan. Acute toxicity (LD50) study was done using Lorke’s method. The antidiabetic activities of Fraction 2 (F2) and the biochemical parameters were investigated using standard diagnostic methods. Results: The value of the LD50 is 529.2 mg/kg bw. Oral doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg bw.) of the extract caused a dose-dependent significant (p<0.05) reductions in blood glucose concentrations compared with diabetic untreated controls. There were significant decreases (p<0.05) in the total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels of rats in the treatment groups compared with the diabetic untreated group. The groups that were treated with glibenclamide, 5 mg/kg of the fraction, 20mg/kg of the fraction and the group that was pre-treated with 10mg/kg of the fraction before the induction of diabetes showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the concentration of low-density lipoprotein and significant increase (p<0.05) in high-density lipoprotein concentrations compared with the diabetic untreated group. The protein level increased non-significantly (p>0.05) in all the test groups compared with the diabetic untreated control group except the pre-treated group which increased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results obtained from this study revealed that the methanol fraction of A. precatorius has antidiabetic property which can be as a result of the important phytochemicals found in the F2 fraction. Fraction 2 (F2) however showed improvement in lipid profile.

scholarly journals Screening for diabetic complications as a tool for the evaluation of medical and preventive aid to patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iu I Suntsov ◽  
O V Maslova ◽  
I I Dedov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Actual Prevalence

The objective of this work was to study the actual prevalence of diabetes mellitus complications and evaluate the quality of health care provided to the patients with these problems in different regions of Russia. A random sample of 11 240 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) was obtained from a total of 20 regions of the Russian Federation. The study protocol included evaluation of visual function, the state of peripheral nervous system and lower extremities, renal and cardiovascular functions; in addition, HbA1c, creatinine, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured along with albuminuria. It was found that the actual prevalence of major diabetic complications is 20-50% higher than the registered one. The overwhelming majority of the patients were shown to be chronically decompensated. This finding holds for 85.5% of the children, 92.6% of the adolescents, 83.9% and 74.8% of the adult patients with types 1 and 2 DM respectively. The HbA1c level in patients living in rural areas was 33.7-42.1% higher than in residents of regional urban centres. Fewer than 14.4% and 0.6% of the patients with type 2 DM used insulin and its analogs respectively. Overall, the study demonstrated rather poor quality of medical and preventive aid provided to diabetic patients and the necessity of its improvement.

Renal Failure after Coronary Bypass Surgery and the Associated Risk Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 006
Author(s):  
Hasan Reyhanoglu ◽  
Kaan Ozcan ◽  
Murat Erturk ◽  
Fatih İslamoglu ◽  
İsa Durmaz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Factors Associated

<strong>Objective:</strong> We aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with acute renal failure in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> One hundred and six patients who developed renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) constituted the study group (RF group), while 110 patients who did not develop renal failure served as a control group <br />(C group). In addition, the RF group was divided into two subgroups: patients that were treated with conservative methods without the need for hemodialysis (NH group) and patients that required hemodialysis (HR group). Risk factors associated with renal failure were investigated.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Among the 106 patients that developed renal failure (RF), 80 patients were treated with conservative methods without any need for hemodialysis (NH group); while <br />26 patients required hemodialysis in the postoperative period (HR group). The multivariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus and the postoperative use of positive inotropes and adrenaline were significant risk factors associated with development of renal failure. In addition, carotid stenosis and postoperative use of adrenaline were found to be significant risk factors associated with hemodialysis-dependent renal failure (P &lt; .05). The mortality in the RF group was determined as 13.2%, while the mortality rate in patients who did not require hemodialysis and those who required hemodialysis was 6.2% and 34%, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Renal failure requiring hemodialysis after CABG often results in high morbidity and mortality. Factors affecting microcirculation and atherosclerosis, like diabetes mellitus, carotid artery stenosis, and postoperative vasopressor use remain the major risk factors for the development of renal failure.<br /><br />

GAMBARAN PENYAKIT PERIODONTAL PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT PROF. DR. R. D KANDOU MANADO

e-GIGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezra G. R. Tambunan ◽  
Karel Pandelaki ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Oral Health Problem ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases with characteristic hyperglycemia that occurs due to insulin secretion, insulin action or both. This disease affects many societies and continuously growing in Indonesia. Periodontal disease is an oral health problem which has a relatively high prevalence in the community where periodontal disease in all age groups in Indonesia.The purpose of this study was to determine the periodontal disease in patients with diabetesmellitus in RSUP Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This descriptive study has 68 sample taken with total sampling technique. The sample is examined using evaluation criteria gingival index and CPITN index. The result show that subjects with periodontitis with a score of 4 is the highest as many as 18 people (44%) and subject with a score of 2 is that at least as many as 8 people (19.5%). And subjects with bad gingivitis is the highest as many as 10 people (52.6%) and subject with the good gingivitis is the at least as many as 5 people (26.3%). Based on the result of this study, periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus in RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou most that periodontitis with the number of 41 people (68.3%) compared to gingivitis which is just as many as 19 people (31.7%)Keywords: diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, gingivitis, periodontalAbstrak:Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena sekresi insulin, kerja insulin atau kedua-duanya. Penyakit ini merupakan penyakit yang banyak diderita kalangan masyarakat dan terus berkembang di Indonesia. Penyakit periodontal merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang memiliki prevalensi cukup tinggi di masyarakat dimana penyakit periodontal pada semua kelompok umur di Indonesia.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyakit periodontal pada penderita diabetes mellitus di RSUP Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel 60 orang yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Sampel diperiksa dengan menggunakan kriteria penilaian indeks gingiva dan indeks CPITN. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa yang mengalami periodontitis dengan skor 4 adalah yang paling tinggi yaitu sebanyak 18 orang (44%), dan subjek yang mengalami skor 2 adalah yang yang paling sedikit yaitu sebanyak 8 orang (19.5%). Sedangkan yang mengalami gingivitis yang paling tinggi yaitu gingivitis buruk sebanyak 10 orang (52.6%) dan yang paling sedikit adalah yang mengalami gingivitis ringan yaitu sebanyak 5 orang (26.3%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyakit periodontal yang paling banyak ditemui pada penderita diabetes melitus di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado adalah penyakit periodontitis yaitu sebanyak 41 orang (68.3%) dan yang paling sedikit adalah gingivitis yaitu sebanyak 19 orang (31.7%)Kata kunci: diabetes melitus, periodontitis, gingivitis, periodontal

Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2467-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
Federica Di Guardo ◽  
Michal Ciebiera ◽  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter. Methods: We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI. Results: Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications. Conclusion: More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

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