scholarly journals Prevalence of Hyperacusis in the General and Special Populations: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ren ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Tao Xiang ◽  
Jun-mei Pu ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
High Prevalence

Objectives: To study the prevalence of hyperacusis in the general population and the special population, and to determine the effect of population differences on hyperacusis.Methods: The two authors followed a scoping review methodology and screened nearly 30 years of English literature in Pubmed, Web of Science, OVID, and EBSCO. Then, the extracted results of each study were discussed in groups and subgroups.Results: The authors selected 42 pieces of scientific literature that met the requirements, studying a total of 34,796 subjects, including the general population (28,425 subjects), the special occupation population (2,746 subjects), and the patients with concomitant diseases (5,093 subjects). The prevalence was 0.2–17.2% in the general population, 3.8–67% in the special occupation population, and 4.7–95% in the patients with special diseases. It was found that in the general population, the high prevalence occurs in adolescents and older adults. The prevalence of hyperacusis in women is significantly higher than in men. In people with hearing disorders, the prevalence of hyperacusis is significantly higher than in people with normal hearing. Various diseases (such as Williams syndrome, tinnitus, and autism), as well as various occupations (musicians, music students, teachers, and others), have been found to be high risk factors for hyperacusis.Conclusion: The high prevalence of hyperacusis and the large differences between reported prevalence in different studies deserves our great attention. Additionally, in order to increase the comparability of the studies, a standardized set of criteria are needed to study the prevalence of hyperacusis.

scholarly journals Premature STEMI in Men and Women: Current Clinical Features and Improvements in Management and Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Rebeca Lorca ◽  
Isaac Pascual ◽  
Andrea Aparicio ◽  
Alejandro Junco-Vicente ◽  
Rut Alvarez-Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent cause of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Etiopathogenic and prognostic characteristics in young patients may differ from older patients and young women may present worse outcomes than men. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of men and women with premature STEMI. Methods: A total 1404 consecutive patients were referred to our institution for emergency cardiac catheterization due to STEMI suspicion (1 January 2014–31 December 2018). Patients with confirmed premature (<55 years old in men and <60 in women) STEMI (366 patients, 83% men and 17% women) were included (359 atherothrombotic and 7 spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)). Results: Premature STEMI patients had a high prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors. Mean follow-up was 4.1 years (±1.75 SD). Mortality rates, re-hospitalization, and hospital stay showed no significant differences between sexes. More than 10% of women with premature STEMI suffered SCAD. There were no significant differences between sexes, neither among cholesterol levels nor in hypolipemiant therapy. The global survival rates were similar to that expected in the general population of the same sex and age in our region with a significantly higher excess of mortality at 6 years among men compared with the general population. Conclusion: Our results showed a high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, a high prevalence of SCAD among young women, and a generally good prognosis after standardized treatment. During follow-up, 23% suffered a major cardiovascular event (MACE), without significant differences between sexes and observed survival at 1, 3, and 6 years of follow-up was 96.57% (95% CI 94.04–98.04), 95.64% (95% CI 92.87–97.35), and 94.5% (95% CI 91.12–97.66). An extra effort to prevent/delay STEMI should be invested focusing on smoking avoidance and optimal hypolipemiant treatment both in primary and secondary prevention.

Workplace experience of parents coping with perinatal loss: A scoping review

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sophie Meunier ◽  
Francine de Montigny ◽  
Sabrina Zeghiche ◽  
Dominique Lalande ◽  
Chantal Verdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Perinatal Loss ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Workplace Experience ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Perinatal Grief

BACKGROUND: Perinatal loss affects many parents in the workforce. Yet, current knowledge about their workplace experience while facing this difficult event is sparse. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to review and synthesize the extent of scientific literature on the specific experiences of workers coping with perinatal loss and the resulting bereavement. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out using eight different databases. A total of 15 references, all using a qualitative methodology, were identified. Most of the references focused on the experience of mothers and on late perinatal loss (from the 20th week of pregnancy). RESULTS: All references highlighted the taboo and the non-recognition of perinatal grief and bereavement in both organizational practices and interpersonal relationships with colleagues and immediate supervisors. They also emphasized the difficulties associated with returning to work after the loss and the significant changes in the meaning attributed to work. CONCLUSIONS: While the studies included in this review clearly indicate that perinatal loss can affect working life, larger, quantitative studies are needed to quantify this phenomenon and its impact on employees and their organizations.

Primary Crime Prevention Apps: A Typology and Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802098556
Author(s):  
Mark A. Wood ◽  
Stuart Ross ◽  
Diana Johns
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Meta Analyses

In the last decade, an array of smartphone apps have been designed to prevent crime, violence, and abuse. The evidence base of these apps has, however, yet to analyzed systematically. To rectify this, the aims of this review were (1) to establish the extent, range, and nature of research into smartphone apps with a primary crime prevention function; (2) to locate gaps in the primary crime prevention app literature; and (3) to develop a typology of primary crime prevention apps. Employing a scoping review methodology and following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, studies were identified via Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. We included English-language research published between 2008 and 2020 that examined smartphone applications designed explicitly for primary crime prevention. Sixty-one publications met our criteria for review, out of an initial sample of 151 identified. Our review identified six types of crime prevention app examined in these publications: self-surveillance apps, decision aid apps, child-tracking apps, educational apps, crime-mapping/alert apps, and crime reporting apps. The findings of our review indicate that most of these forms of primary crime prevention apps have yet to be rigorously evaluated and many are not evidence-based in their design. Consequently, our review indicates that recent enthusiasm over primary crime prevention apps is not supported by an adequate evidence base.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Ethnotraditional Uses and Biological and Pharmacological Potential of the Genus Mimosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7463
Author(s):  
Ismat Majeed ◽  
Komal Rizwan ◽  
Ambreen Ashar ◽  
Tahir Rasheed ◽  
Ryszard Amarowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

The Mimosa genus belongs to the Fabaceae family of legumes and consists of about 400 species distributed all over the world. The growth forms of plants belonging to the Mimosa genus range from herbs to trees. Several species of this genus play important roles in folk medicine. In this review, we aimed to present the current knowledge of the ethnogeographical distribution, ethnotraditional uses, nutritional values, pharmaceutical potential, and toxicity of the genus Mimosa to facilitate the exploitation of its therapeutic potential for the treatment of human ailments. The present paper consists of a systematic overview of the scientific literature relating to the genus Mimosa published between 1931 and 2020, which was achieved by consulting various databases (Science Direct, Francis and Taylor, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, SciFinder, Wiley, Springer, Google, The Plant Database). More than 160 research articles were included in this review regarding the Mimosa genus. Mimosa species are nutritionally very important and several species are used as feed for different varieties of chickens. Studies regarding their biological potential have shown that species of the Mimosa genus have promising pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, wound-healing, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antiepileptic, neuropharmacological, toxicological, antiallergic, antihyperurisemic, larvicidal, antiparasitic, molluscicidal, antimutagenic, genotoxic, teratogenic, antispasmolytic, antiviral, and antivenom activities. The findings regarding the genus Mimosa suggest that this genus could be the future of the medicinal industry for the treatment of various diseases, although in the future more research should be carried out to explore its ethnopharmacological, toxicological, and nutritional attributes.

scholarly journals Sensory-Based Priming for Upper Extremity Hemiparesis After Stroke: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 153944922110326
Author(s):  
Mary E. Stoykov ◽  
Courtney Heidle ◽  
Shamshir Kang ◽  
Lisa Lodesky ◽  
Lindsay E. Maccary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Collaboration

Sensory priming is a technique to facilitate neuroplasticity and improve motor skills after injury. Common sensory priming modalities include peripheral nerve stimulation/somatosensory electrical stimulation (PNS/SES), transient functional deafferentation (TFD), and vibration. The aim of this study was to determine whether sensory priming with a motor intervention results in improved upper limb motor impairment or function after stroke. PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and EMBASE were the databases used to search the literature in July 2020. This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and recommendations for the Cochrane collaboration. In total, 30 studies were included in the analysis: three studies examined TFD, 16 examined PNS/SES, 10 studied vibration, and one combined the three stimulation techniques. Most studies reported significant improvements for participants receiving sensory priming. Given the low risk, it may be advantageous to use sensory-based priming prior to or concurrent with upper limb training after stroke.

scholarly journals Blockchain Applications in Agribusiness: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Geneci da Silva Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
Letícia de Oliveira ◽  
Edson Talamini
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Near Future

Blockchain is a technology that can be applied in different sectors to solve various problems. As a complex system, agribusiness presents many possibilities to take advantage of blockchain technology. The main goal of this paper is to identify the purposes for which blockchain has been applied in the agribusiness sector, for which a PRISMA-based systematic review was carried out. The scientific literature corpus was accessed and selected from Elsevier’s Scopus and ISI of Knowledge’s Web of Science (WoS) platforms, using the PRISMA protocol procedures. Seventy-one articles were selected for analysis. Blockchain application in agribusiness is a novel topic, with the first publication dating from 2016. The technological development prevails more than blockchain applications since it has been addressed mainly in the Computer Sciences and Engineering. Blockchain applications for agribusiness management of financial, energy, logistical, environmental, agricultural, livestock, and industrial purposes have been reported in the literature. The findings suggest that blockchain brings many benefits when used in agribusiness supply chains. We concluded that the research on blockchain applications in agribusiness is only at an early stage, as many prototypes are being developed and tested in the laboratory. In the near future, blockchain will be increasingly applied across all economic sectors, including agribusiness, promoting greater reliability and agility in information with a reduced cost. Several gaps for future studies were observed, with significant value for science, industry, and society.

scholarly journals Keloidal pathophysiology: Current notions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205951312098032
Author(s):  
Chenyu Huang ◽  
Rei Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
English Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Keloid Formation ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Pathological Scar

Introduction: Keloids are pathological scars that are notorious for their chronic and relentless invasion into adjacent healthy skin, with commonly seen post-therapeutic recurrence after monotherapies. Methods: An English literature review on keloid pathophysiology was performed by searching the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases, to find out the up-to-date relevant articles. The level of evidence was evaluated based on the included studies with the highest level of evidence first. Results: Keloid morphology, signs, symptoms and the histopathological changes that occur in the local cells and extracellular matrix components are described. The theories on the pathophysiology of keloidogenesis that have been proposed to date are also covered; these include endocrinological, nutritional, vascular, and autoimmunological factors. In addition, we describe the local mechanical forces (and the mechanosignalling pathways by which these forces shape keloid cell activities) that promote keloid formation and determine the direction of invasion of keloids and the body sites that are prone to them. Conclusion: A better understanding of this pathological entity, particularly its mechanobiology, will aid the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for use in the clinic to prevent, reduce or even reverse the growth of this pathological scar. Lay Summary Keloids are skin scars that are famous for their chronic invasion into healthy skin, with commonly seen recurrence after surgeries. Cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells and endothelial cells are involved in keloid growth. Particularly, endocrinological, nutritional, vascular, autoimmunological and mechanical factors actively take part in keloid progression.

scholarly journals Trapped Between Two Pandemics: Domestic Violence Cases Under COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110221
Author(s):  
Endurance Uzobo ◽  
Aboluwaji D Ayinmoro
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Biomed Central ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Background As it is common with the most devastating events in the world, women always seem to be at the most disadvantage position. This situation manifested during the period of COVID-19 lockdown throughout the world and Africa in particular. The purpose of this study is to explore Domestic Violence (DV) cases in African during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data for this study were gleaned from an electronic literature search using various databases PubMed and BioMed Central, Web of Science, etc. Key search words were gender DV during and after COVID-19. A total of 68 records were identified during the search. However, only 46 of these sources met the inclusion criteria. Results From the review done in selected African countries which include Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana and Zimbabwe; it was discovered that COVID-19 lockdown across these countries worsens the already existing cases of DV. The study also noted that generally, the response of the government has been very poor in terms of dealing with DV cases in the period of COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusion The study concluded that despite the failures of government in tackling the DV pandemics, NGOs have been very active in championing the cause of those violated while also trying to provide succour to victims. Thus, the study recommended that countries in Africa need to join international initiatives in prioritising DV cases while trying to deal with the virus itself. Thus, one disease should not be traded for another.

scholarly journals Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Protect Avian Species in Coastal Communities in the Greater Niagara Region, Canada

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Samantha Gauthier ◽  
Bradley May ◽  
Liette Vasseur
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Living Shorelines ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Living Shoreline

Coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to climate change and its effects may push coastal ecosystems to undergo irreversible changes. This is especially true for shorebirds with the loss of biodiversity and resource-rich habitats to rest, refuel, and breed. To protect these species, it is critical to conduct research related to nature-based Solutions (NbS). Through a scoping review of scientific literature, this paper initially identified 85 articles with various ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) strategies that could help conserve shorebird populations and promote ecotourism. Of these 85 articles, 28 articles had EbA strategies that were examined, with some like coral reefs and mangroves eliminated as they were inappropriate for this region. The scoping review identified four major EbA strategies for the Greater Niagara Region with living shorelines and beach nourishment being the most suitable, especially when combined. These strategies were then evaluated against the eight core principles of nature-based solutions protecting shorebird as well as human wellbeing. Living shoreline strategy was the only one that met all eight NbS principles. As the coastline of the region greatly varies in substrate and development, further research will be needed to decide which EbA strategies would be appropriate for each specific area to ensure their efficacy.

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