scholarly journals The Effect of Yoga Meditation Practice on Young Adults’ Inhibitory Control: An fNIRS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Jiang ◽  
Zongyu Liu ◽  
Guoxiao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Yoga Meditation

Objectives: The present study aimed to test the effect of yoga meditation (YoMed) practice on inhibitory control of young adults.Methods: A total of 50 participants (23 male, 21–28 years old) from a university in Jinan, Shandong Province were enrolled in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to a YoMed group or a Control group. Participants’ basic information, physical activity, and inhibitory control were measured. A multi-channel continuous-wave near-infrared spectrometer was used to monitor the brain’s hemodynamic responses.Results: After the intervention, we found significant differences in Flanker tasks between the YoMed group and Control group. The accuracy in the YoMed group was higher than those in the Control group (p < 0.05). Analysis of fNIRS data showed that oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) increased in the YoMed group during the Flanker tasks after the YoMed intervention.Conclusion: YoMed has a temporarily promoting effect on the brain activation of young adults. It is an effective and appropriate exercise to improve the inhibitory control of young adults.

The Effect of In-School Saccadic Training on Reading Fluency and Comprehension in First and Second Grade Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dodick ◽  
Amaal J. Starling ◽  
Jennifer Wethe ◽  
Yi Pang ◽  
Leonard V. Messner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Grade Students ◽  
Fluency And Comprehension ◽  
Physical Foundation ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control

Efficient eye movements provide a physical foundation for proficient reading skills. We investigated the effect of in-school saccadic training on reading performance. In this cross-over design, study participants (n = 327, 165 males; mean age [SD]: 7 y 6 mo [1y 1 mo]) were randomized into treatment and control groups, who then underwent eighteen 20-minute training sessions over 5 weeks using King-Devick Reading Acceleration Program Software. Pre- and posttreatment reading assessments included fluency, comprehension, and rapid number naming performance. The treatment group had significantly greater improvement than the control group in fluency (6.2% vs 3.6%, P = .0277) and comprehension (7.5% vs 1.5%, P = .0002). The high-needs student group significantly improved in fluency ( P < .001) and comprehension ( P < .001). We hypothesize these improvements to be attributed to the repetitive practice of reading-related eye movements, shifting visuospatial attention, and visual processing. Consideration should be given to teaching the physical act of reading within the early education curriculum.

scholarly journals The Development of Writing Module on Enhancing the Writing Skills of Omani General Foundation Program Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 363-381
Author(s):  
Moustafa Mohamed Abdelmohsen ◽  
Rohaya Abdullah ◽  
Yasir Azam
Keyword(s):  
Writing Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Foundation Program ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a developed writing module on enhancing the General Foundation Program students’ writing skills. The study made use of a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design. The study participants incorporated 70 Omani students and 2 EFL teachers. The students were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group incorporated 35 students who studied English at the General Foundation Program of Sur Nursing Institute. The control group involved 35 students who took an English course at The General Foundation Program Centre in Muscat. Both institutions function under the auspices of the Omani Ministry of Health. The control group studied the ministry’s writing syllabus, whereas the experimental group studied the writing module. The writing pre-test was done before module delivery and the post-test was done after the intervention. ANCOVA test was utilized to draw a statistical analogy between the mean scores of tests of both groups. The test findings divulged that there was a statistically significant mean difference between the control and experimental group’s scores in the writing post-test. The module significantly enhanced the experimental group’s writing skills.

scholarly journals Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 361 (6409) ◽  
pp. 1358-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Carlson ◽  
Daniel D. Hickstein ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Andrew J. Metcalf ◽  
Franklyn Quinlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
High Pulse ◽  
Optical Cycle ◽  
Rapid Transients ◽  
And Control

Light sources that are ultrafast and ultrastable enable applications like timing with subfemtosecond precision and control of quantum and classical systems. Mode-locked lasers have often given access to this regime, by using their high pulse energies. We demonstrate an adaptable method for ultrastable control of low-energy femtosecond pulses based on common electro-optic modulation of a continuous-wave laser light source. We show that we can obtain 100-picojoule pulse trains at rates up to 30 gigahertz and demonstrate sub–optical cycle timing precision and useful output spectra spanning the near infrared. Our source enters the few-cycle ultrafast regime without mode locking, and its high speed provides access to nonlinear measurements and rapid transients.

Preventive efficacy of Grippol® plus in children aged 8 to 14 years residing in Almaty (Republic of Kazakhstan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
L.T. Yeraliyeva ◽  
◽  
Zh.N. Suleymenova ◽  
M.A. Smagul ◽  
M.K. Smagulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Preventive Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Index ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective. To evaluate preventive efficacy and reactogenicity of Grippol® plus vaccine in children aged 8 to 14 years residing in Almaty (Republic of Kazakhstan). Patients and methods. This open-label prospective study was conducted between October 2019 and April 2020 and included 600 children aged 8 to 14 years (mean age 10.6 ± 4.9 years) studying in two schools of Almaty. Study participants were divided into two groups (300 children in each): experimental group, in which children were vaccinated with Grippol® plus (Petrovax Pharm, Russia) in accordance with all rules and control group. Patients in both groups were matched for gender; children of the Mongoloid race prevailed in the experimental group. Parents (or official representatives) of all participants signed an informed consent before the enrollment. The efficacy of vaccination was evaluated by active monitoring (telephone contacts with parents) and assessment of the incidence of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) during the next 6 months. We calculated the efficacy index and efficacy coefficient. Data analysis was performed using the Statistica 6.0 software; differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. Follow-up of study participants during 6 months after vaccination demonstrated significant differences in the incidence of ARVIs and influenza between the two groups: 7 cases among vaccinated children (2,3%) vs 21 cases among controls (7%) (p < 0.05). One child from the control group had two episodes of ARVI. Mean duration of influenza and ARVIs in the experimental group was 1.8 times lower than that in the control group. The efficacy index and efficacy coefficient, calculated with the consideration of influenza diagnosis confirmation by polymerase chain reaction, were 3% and 66.7%, respectively. Local and systemic reactions to vaccination were observed in 3 children, were transient, and disappeared after 2–3 days. Conclusion. The trivalent inactivated polymer-subunit vaccine Grippol® plus was safe and effective in children aged between 8 and 14 years. Key words: vaccine, influenza, children, incidence, acute respiratory viral infections, efficacy

scholarly journals Is Repetitive Workload a Risk Factor for Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Surgical Device Mechanics? A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lotter ◽  
Tobias Lieb ◽  
Viktor Breul ◽  
Jochen Molsner
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Surgical Device ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control

To assess the prevalence of upper extremity work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among surgical device mechanics compared to a control group, a total of 70 employees were included and assigned to three occupational groups (grinders, packers, and control). Personal factors, work exposure, manual skill, and complaints were assessed by two self-administered questionnaires and an industry test. WMSDs were diagnosed in a standardised clinical examination. The two-one-sided t-tests (TOST) procedure was used to test the clinical equivalence of the respective grinding and packaging groups vs. the control group in terms of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Thirty-nine study participants (56%) experienced at least one WMSD at the elbow, forearm, and/or wrist, mainly with signs of epicondylitis and nerve entrapment at the medial elbow. The risk of grinders developing upper extremity WMSD was about 2.5-times higher and packers had an 8.6-fold higher risk of a clinically relevant DASH > 29 compared to the control group. However, these differences were not statistically significant. The groups were also proven to be clinically equivalent in terms of DASH score. Surgical device mechanics do not seem to have worse DASH values or be at higher risk of upper limb WMSDs compared to a control group. This is the first study to analyse and compare different workplaces in this industry that are also common in other industries.

Triazolam and Nitrazepam Use in Elderly Outpatients

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Takami ◽  
Akira Okada
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Elderly Outpatients ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control

OBJECTIVE: To determine adverse reactions and effects on sleep among three groups of patients: those taking triazolam, those taking nitrazepam, and a control group. DESIGN: Telephone interviews. PATIENTS: Forty-seven patients taking triazolam, 36 taking nitrazepam, and 40 control patients. All study participants were outpatients over 60 years of age. RESULTS: The rate of awakening in the middle of sleep was not significantly different among patients taking triazolam (61.7 percent) and those taking nitrazepam (69.4 percent). Incidence of nocturia, the primary reason for awakening, was not significantly different between triazolam- (36.2 percent) and nitrazepam-taking patients (41.7 percent). The rate of having difficulty falling back to sleep was significantly different among triazolam (62.1 percent) and nitrazepam (8 percent), and triazolam and control (11.1 percent) groups (p<0.01). No difference was evident, however, between nitrazepam and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients taking nitrazepam have less difficulty returning to sleep compared with those who take triazolam. Thus, for elderly patients who awaken because of nocturia, nitrazepam may be more appropriate therapy.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Psychological Workshops for Coaches on Well-Being and Psychomotor Performance of Children Practicing Football and Gymnastics

2021 ◽  
pp. 586-593
Author(s):  
Dominika Wilczyńska ◽  
Anna Łysak-Radomska ◽  
Magdalena Podczarska-Głowacka ◽  
Wojciech Skrobot ◽  
Katarzyna Krasowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control

Coach workshops based on seven principles (inspiration, explanation, expectation, support, reward, appreciation, growth and winning) enhance the sport experience of adult athletes. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of such workshops with coaches of child athletes. Study participants were coaches of 57 9- to 12-year old girls (practicing gymnastics) and boys (practicing football). Three coaches of 28 children attended three workshops over 12 weeks, while a control group of 5 coaches of 29 children attended no workshops. Measures of well-being and psychomotor performance were taken on the children before and after the intervention; differences in mean changes between intervention and control groups were adjusted for baseline, standardized, and assessed with a conservative magnitude-based decision method. There were clear substantial effects of the workshop on motivation averaged across several dimensions (girls, large, most likely beneficial), on a decision test (boys, small-moderate, very likely beneficial), on state anxiety self-reflection (girls, moderate, likely harmful), and on reaction time (boys, small, possibly harmful). The beneficial effects of the workshop in this pilot study are encouraging, but the unclear and potentially harmful effects and the roles of presenter- and coach-specific effects need to be investigated further with a representative sample of coaches and more children before the workshop is recommended for implementation.

scholarly journals Study The Overprescription Of Proton Pump Inhibitors And Their Relation With Recurrent Community Aquired Infections In Outpatient Refilled Prescriptions Of Chronic Diseases Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Aysha Abedalhameed Alkhalaylah ◽  
Maisan Mahmoud Hayajneh ◽  
Shireen Imad Hijazeen ◽  
Tahanie Ali Alqhewii ◽  
Eva Raji Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Background: proton pump inhibitors are widely used worldwide and studies have demonstrated that the use of PPIs to be associated with various diseases such as several types of infection. Study objectives: to explore the effect of using PPIs on patients through studying some inflammatory biomarkers including WBC, neutrophil count, ESR, CRP, and IL-6. Methods and subjects: a retrospective study design was followed to collect data from study participants. The study included 62 patients receiving PPIs and 60 persons without being prescribed for PPIs. A working sheet was created for each patient and included the following information: age, WBC, neutrophil count, ESR, CRP, and IL-6. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20. The relationship between variables was tested using independent T test. Significance was considered at alpha level < 0.05. Study findings: age was not varied significantly between study group and control group. All inflammatory biomarkers under study were significantly elevated in study group compared with control group. Conclusions: the findings of the present study showed that the use of PPIs was associated significantly with increased inflammatory biomarkers. We think that health settings should pay much attention to the role of pharmacists and pharmacy doctors to increase the awareness about the use of PPIs.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF PRACTICE IN MIND PROGRAM ON STANDING SHOT AND JUMP SHOT PERFORMANCE IN ELITE NETBALL PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Nur Asmidar A Halim ◽  
Mazlan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
State Level ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Psychological Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control

Practice in Mind (PIM) training help to resolve physical and psychological problem in sport skills performance. Therefore, the present study was done to investigate the effectiveness of PIM training on netball standing shot and jump shot performances. Twenty state level netball shooters with 3 to 5 years playing experiences participated in this experimental study. Participants were randomly assigned into PIM training group and control group with 10 participants for each group. Both groups completed 18 training sessions in 3 times a week for 6 weeks intervention program. Pre, post, and retention test were conducted prior to the 10 standing and jump shooting task. The results revealed that there was significant different of PIM training group versus control group for both standing shot (p < .05) and jump shot (p<.05) after 6 weeks. However, no significant different was observed after retention (week 12) for both groups. Based on the finding, it is suggested this present study will be beneficial to the athletes in terms of educating them about the importance of systematic imagery training to increase shooting performance in netball and for further improvement on their shooting techniques. Future studies are warranted to explore potential benefits of PIM training by focusing on a larger exposure and other netball specific motor-abilities.

scholarly journals Association between Hypovitaminosis D3 and Type II Diabetes Mellitus of Iraqi Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaymaa M. Hadi ◽  
Fadhil J. Al-Tu’ma ◽  
Riyadh D. Al-Zubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control

Objective: This research has been carried out to evaluate the levels of [25(OH)D3] as well as the correlation between the deficiency levels with the risk of experiencing T2DM in sample of Iraqi population. Methods: The levels regarding the 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 and the fasting blood sugar (FBG) have been estimated in group of 58 T2DM patients and 31 control subjects of age between (25 - 65 year). The 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 has been estimated via ELISA and fasting blood sugar (FBG) was measured spectrophotometrically. Results: The levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 have been considerably lower in individuals experiencing T2DM (9.465 ± 3.567 ng/ml) than in the control group (14.146 ± 11.045 ng/ml), (P = 0.02) whereas FBG levels were considerably higher in patients experiencing T2DM (218 ± 66 mg/dl) widespread in comparison to control group (89.8 ± 9 mg/dl), (P = 0.009). The levels related to the 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 are inversely related to FBG in both diabetic and control group (P = 0.01, r2 = 0.1), (P < 0.01, r2 = 0.2) respectively. VDD is considered to be related to the hazard of experiencing T2DM; also it is highly prevalent in subjects of Iraqi nationality. Conclusion: VDD is associated to the risk of experiencing T2DM. hypovitaminosis D is very prevalent among the study participants and its percent was higher in female and have a therapeutic implications as cautious supplementation of vitamin D could enhance glycemic control in T2DM.

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