scholarly journals Healthcare Professionals Experience of Psychological Safety, Voice, and Silence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róisín O'Donovan ◽  
Aoife De Brún ◽  
Eilish McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Voice And Silence

Healthcare professionals who feel psychologically safe believe it is safe to take interpersonal risks such as voicing concerns, asking questions and giving feedback. Psychological safety is a complex phenomenon which is influenced by organizational, team and individual level factors. However, it has primarily been assessed as a team-level phenomenon. This study focused on understanding healthcare professionals' individual experiences of psychological safety. We aim to gain a fuller understanding of the influence team leaders, interpersonal relationships and individual characteristics have on individuals' psychological safety and their decisions to engage in voice or silence behavior. Thirty-four interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals from across five teams working within an acute, suburban hospital. Hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis focused on identifying themes which captured the complexities of individuals' varied experiences of psychological safety. The themes identified were: “Personal Characteristics,” “Past Experiences,” “Individual Perceptions of Being Valued,” and “Judged Appropriateness of Issues/Concerns.” These themes are explored within the context of motivating and inhibiting factors associated with the influence of leadership, interpersonal relationships and individual characteristics on experiences of psychological safety and voice behavior. These results extend existing theoretical frameworks guiding our understanding of psychological safety by accounting for the variation in individuals' experiences and studying these significant influences on voice behavior. Important considerations for the development of interventions to enhance psychological safety are discussed.

scholarly journals Individual-Level Determinants of International Orientation of a Firm: A Study Based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Elena Pawęta ◽  
Przemysław Zbierowski
Keyword(s):  
International Entrepreneurship ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
International Orientation ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Monitor Data

AbstractIn recent decades economic integration and globalization processes facilitate the firms’ internationalization. The main determinants of that process are divided into three categories - internal factors, external factors and personal characteristics of an entrepreneur. The latter is considered to be the most important and will be the research subject in this article. The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of firm internationalization on the individual level and to verify whether entrepreneurial traits of the founder are indeed important for the internationalization. The research is based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data, using which we employ independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA analyses to test the hypotheses. The results show that the only variable which determines international orientation of a company is the level of education of an entrepreneur. All other characteristics of an entrepreneur do not correlate with international orientation of a firm. Results obtained make important contribution to entrepreneurship research - they show significant shift in international entrepreneurship trends - internationalization is getting more available, less risky and more natural for entrepreneurs of different ages, backgrounds and individual characteristics. Findings may be useful for further international entrepreneurship research.

Deradicalisation and Disengagement from Terrorism and Threat to Identity: An Analysis of Former Jihadist Prisoners’ Accounts

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-251
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syafiq
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Threats ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Interpersonal Level

This qualitative study aims to explore the personal experience of former prisoners jailed for terrorism-related offenses in Indonesia who have reported or have been reported as having deradicalised or disengaged from violent extremism. The participants were interviewed about their experiences of deradicalisation and disengagement and the perceived implication of the experiences on their identities. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analysed using a thematic analysis. The results show that most participants reported that they experience identity threats because of their status as former terrorist prisoners from former comrades as well as from the wider society. The threats were said to have impacted negatively upon their positive sense of self; thus, they invoked the strategies to cope with the threats. While participants’ strategies to cope with former jihadist comrades’ threats operated in the intrapersonal level, their strategies to alleviate the threats from wider society occur in the interpersonal level. This study found that most participants re-evaluate their past experiences positively and even utilised them as a part of their present identities primarily when they dealt with former comrades’ criticisms. To resist the wider society’s stigma and suspicion, they concealed their identity as a former terrorist prisoner while, at the same time, bolstered their personal characteristics in terms of interpersonal relationships.

Organization of Individual Counselling of Children Brought up in Foster Families (on the example of the «Family» Centre»)

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Aygul Fazlyeva ◽  
Aliya Akhmetshina
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
Individual Counselling ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

Children, brought up in foster families, experience various problems (diffi culties in interpersonal relationships with parents, diffi culties in communicating with peers, emotional instability), which lead to confl icts, quarrels, running away from home, destructive phenomena, etc. One of the eff ective forms of working with children brought up in foster families is individual counselling. Individual counselling is used by various specialists (psychologists, educators, psychotherapists), where a special place is taken by a social educator. His or her activity involves the implementation of social-protective, preventive, educational, informational, advisory functions. In the process of organizing individual counseling, the social educator takes into account the social situation of the family and the child, personal characteristics, social conditions, social and cultural characteristics and the nature of the relationship with the social environment. To organize individual counseling, a social educator needs to master various and eff ective techniques, and take into account a number of recommendations. An analysis of the literature and practical socio-pedagogical experience led to an understanding of the insuffi cient degree of elaboration of this issue. The purpose of this article was the solution to this problem.

Ethical and culturally competent care of transgender patients: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 096973302098830
Author(s):  
Amara Sundus ◽  
Sharoon Shahzad ◽  
Ahtisham Younas
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Culturally Competent Care ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Culturally Sensitive Care ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Sensitive Issues

Background: Transgender individuals experience discrimination, stigmatization, and unethical and insensitive attitudes in healthcare settings. Therefore, healthcare professionals must be knowledgeable about the ways to deliver ethical and culturally competent care. Ethical considerations: No formal ethical approval was required. Aim: To synthesize the literature and identify gaps about approaches to the provision of ethical and culturally competent care to transgender populations. Design: A Scoping Review Literature Search: Literature was searched within CINAHL, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Scopus databases using indexed keywords such as “transgender,” “gender non-conforming,” “ethically sensitive care,” and “culturally sensitive care.” In total, 30 articles, which included transgender patients and their families and nurses, doctors, and health professionals who provided care to transgender patients, were selected for review. Data were extracted and synthesized using tabular and narrative summaries and thematic synthesis. Findings: Of 30 articles, 23 were discussion papers, 5 research articles, and 1 each case study and an integrative review. This indicates an apparent dearth of literature about ethical and culturally sensitive care of transgender individuals. The review identified that healthcare professionals should educate themselves about sensitive issues, become more self-aware, put transgender individual in charge during care interactions, and adhere to the principles of advocacy, confidentiality, autonomy, respect, and disclosure. Conclusions: The review identified broad approaches for the provision of ethical and culturally competent care. The identified approaches could be used as the baseline, and further research is warranted to develop and assess organizational and individual-level approaches.

The Automatic Algorithm of Filling Hole Based-Mesh Panel Information Based-System Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 2106-2109
Author(s):  
Fei Yan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
System Management ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Educational Field

One of the most important factors of management in obtaining organization targets is effectiveness of financial management structures, and user of the financial management structures have more important role in the effectiveness of the structures. The purpose of this research is to study the influence of human factors including personal and individual characteristics of user of financial management structures based on effectiveness PC. For this target, a sample includes 2354 offices, organizations, private companies and organizations than apply financial management structure based-PC. Has been selected randomly and the investigative data has been counting using questionnaires. In order to find personal characteristics of users, the particular questionnaires which are designed according to four factor model of personality, has been done. In order to research the relation between effectiveness of the structure and personality, four hypotheses based on four features of personality. Moreover, in order to find the relationship between expertise (educational level, educational field and amount of training curriculum of PC knowledge), job satisfaction and experience of users, and effectiveness of the accountancy management structure based-PC, some hypotheses have been studied and written. The study results indicates that personal characteristics including Agreeableness, openness, Conscientiousness and experience working , is efficient on the financial management structures based-PC.

Fear of crime and the police

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin N Crowl ◽  
Joshua R Battin
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Police Visibility ◽  
Lifestyle Exposure Theory

Using lifestyle exposure theory as a guide, this study examines the complex relationship between fear of crime and select lifestyle and individual-level constructs. Participants included undergraduate students at two state-funded universities located in Pennsylvania. Student fear of crime at both universities was examined to ascertain what factors influence this emotion-laden phenomenon. Results revealed support for several key fear of crime correlates. Notably, a significant relationship emerged between police visibility and fear of crime in the estimated partial and full models. Results also indicated that student lifestyle choices can impact fear of crime; this relationship can vary across samples, as evidenced in this study. It was also found that multiple individual characteristics, namely gender, race and living arrangement, were positively related to student fear of crime. A discussion and implications are offered to conclude.

Racial Inequalities in Oral Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 878-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Bastos ◽  
R.K. Celeste ◽  
Y.C. Paradies
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Dental Procedures

Together with other social categories, race has been at the core of much scholarly work in the area of humanities and social sciences, as well as a host of applied disciplines. In dentistry, debates have ranged from the use of race as a criterion for the recommendation of specific dental procedures to a means of assessing inequalities in a variety of outcomes. What is missing in these previous discussions, though, is a broader understanding of race that transcends relations with genetic makeup and other individual-level characteristics. In this review, we provide readers with a critique of the existing knowledge on race and oral health by answering the following 3 guiding questions: (1) What concepts and ideas are connected with race in the field of dentistry? (2) What can be learned and what is absent from the existing literature on the topic? (3) How can we enhance research and policy on racial inequalities in oral health? Taken together, the reviewed studies rely either on biological distinctions between racial categories or on other individual characteristics that may underlie racial disparities in oral health. Amidst a range of individual-level factors, racial inequalities have often been attributed to lower socioeconomic status and “health-damaging” cultural traits, for instance, patterns of and reasons for dental visits, dietary habits, and oral hygiene behaviors. While this literature has been useful in documenting large and persistent racial gaps in oral health, wider sociohistorical processes, such as systemic racism, as well as their relationships with economic exploitation, social stigmatization, and political marginalization, have yet to be operationalized among studies on the topic. A nascent body of research has recently begun to address some of these factors, but limited attention to structural theories of racism means that many more studies are needed to effectively mitigate racial health differentials.

Conspicuous consumption of luxury experiences: an experimental investigation of status perceptions on social media

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Siepmann ◽  
Lisa Carola Holthoff ◽  
Pascal Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Purpose As luxury goods are losing their importance for demonstrating status, wealth or power to others, individuals are searching for alternative status symbols. Recently, individuals have increasingly used conspicuous consumption and displays of experiences on social media to obtain affirmation. This study aims to analyze the effects of luxury and nonluxury experiences, as well as traditional luxury goods on status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Design/methodology/approach After presenting the theoretical foundation, the authors conduct a study with 599 participants to compare status perceptions elicited by the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods, luxury experiences and nonluxury experiences. The authors investigate whether experiences that are visibly consumed on Instagram are replacing traditional luxury goods as the most important status symbols. Furthermore, the authors examine the effects of the content shown on nonstatus-related dimensions and analyze whether status perceptions differ between female and male social media communicators. Finally, the authors analyze how personal characteristics (self-esteem, self-actualization and materialism) influence the status perceptions of others on social media. Findings The results show that luxury goods are still the most important means of displaying status. However, especially for women, luxury experiences are also associated with a high level of social status. Thus, the results imply important gender differences in the perceptions of status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Furthermore, the findings indicate that, in particular, the individual characteristics of self-actualization and materialism affect status perceptions depending on the posted content. Originality/value While the research has already considered some alternative forms of conspicuous consumption, little attention has been given to experiences as status symbols. However, with their growing importance as substitutes for luxury goods and the rise of social media, the desire to conspicuously consume experiences is increasing. The authors address this gap in the literature by focusing on the conspicuous display of luxury and nonluxury experiences on social media.

Does Zhongyong thinking affect voice behavior? The mediating role of psychological safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guodong Yang ◽  
Yingwei Ji ◽  
Qiumeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Master Of Business Administration ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Business Administration Students ◽  
Part Time

Zhongyong, as a typical Confucian thinking model, is related to employees' voice behavior. In this research we explored the relationship between Zhongyong thinking and employees' voice behavior, and examined the mediating effect of psychological safety in this relationship. Survey data were collected from 218 part-time Master of Business Administration students from two Chinese universities. The structural equation modeling results demonstrate that Zhongyong thinking was positively related to psychological safety, and that psychological safety was positively related to voice behavior. Further, psychological safety mediated the Zhongyong thinking–voice behavior relationship. These results suggest that organizations can encourage voice behavior by enhancing employees' Zhongyong thinking and by boosting their perception of psychological safety in the workplace.

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