scholarly journals A Perceived Zone of Certainty and Uncertainty: Propositions for Research Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huy P. Phan ◽  
Bing H. Ngu
Keyword(s):  
Learning Experience ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Football Coaches ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Novice Learner ◽  
Optimal Efficiency ◽  
High Level

Possessing expert schemas is a positive feat that may yield different types of adaptive outcomes (e.g., informing procedural understanding that may result in a student skipping a few of the solution steps involved). Limited schemas, in contrast, may deter progress of a novice learner, limiting his/her capability to flourish. Taken as a whole, it may be concluded that expert schemas are more advantageous than novice schemas, differentiating learners in terms of expert and novice. Having said this, however, more recently, researchers have argued that possessing expert schemas could serve as deterrence. Recently, researchers have acknowledged a theoretical concept known as cognitive entrenchment, which is defined as a high level of stability in domain schemas. This description interestingly suggests that “entrenchment” or “situated fixation” of a course of action (e.g., a subject matter) could hinder the progress and learning experience of a person, namely—his/her inability and/or unwillingness to adapt to a new context, and/or his/her inflexibility and insistence to stay on course without any intent to change. One example of cognitive entrenchment is observed in professional football, wherein it has been argued that some football coaches are cognitively entrenched within their expert schemas, resulting in their demised game plans and strategic acumen. We advance the study of cognitive entrenchment by proposing an alternative viewpoint, which we term as the “perceived zone of certainty and uncertainty.” This proposition counters the perspective of cognitive entrenchment by arguing that it is cognitive appraisal, judgment, mental resolute, and determination of a person in cognitive certainty of his/her success or failure, or the cognitive uncertainty of success or failure, that would explain the notion of inflexibility and/or unwillingness to adapt, and/or insistence to stay on course without any attempt to deviate. Moreover, we rationalize that certainty of success or failure would closely associate with a feeling of comfort, whereas uncertainty would associate with his/her feeling discomfort. In this analysis, we strongly believe that willingness to change and adapt, reluctance and insistence to remain on course, and/or inclination to embrace flexibility may not necessarily relate to the concept of cognitive entrenchment; rather, inflexibility and/or reluctance to change for the purpose of adaptation has more to do with the desire of a person to seek a state of comfort. Finally, our conceptual analysis of cognitive entrenchment also considers an interesting theoretical concept, which we termed as “perceived optimal efficiency.” Perceived optimal efficiency, similar to cognitive relevance theory, is concerned with the relationship between minimum investment of time, effort, cognitive resources, etc., and an optimal best outcome. The issue for discussion, from our point of view, is related to the extent to which the certainty of success or failure would associate with perceived optimal efficiency.

Territorial Distribution of Alcohol and Drug Addictions Mortality Concerning Regional Disparities in the Slovak Republic from Year 1996 to Year 2015

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: This paper deals with territorial distribution of the alcohol and drug addictions mortality at a level of the districts of the Slovak Republic. AIM: The aim of the paper is to explore the relations within the administrative territorial division of the Slovak Republic, that is, between the individual districts and hence, to reveal possibly hidden relation in alcohol and drug mortality. METHODS: The analysis is divided and executed into the two fragments – one belongs to the female sex, the other one belongs to the male sex. The standardised mortality rate is computed according to a sequence of the mathematical relations. The Euclidean distance is employed to compute the similarity within each pair of a whole data set. The cluster analysis examines is performed. The clusters are created by means of the mutual distances of the districts. The data is collected from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for all the districts of the Slovak Republic. The covered time span begins in the year 1996 and ends in the year 2015. RESULTS: The most substantial point is that the Slovak Republic possesses the regional disparities in a field of mortality expressed by the standardised mortality rate computed particularly for the diagnoses assigned to the alcohol and drug addictions at a considerably high level. However, the female sex and the male sex have the different outcome. The Bratislava III District keeps absolutely the most extreme position. It forms an own cluster for the both sexes too. The Topoľčany District bears a similar extreme position from a point of view of the male sex. All the Bratislava districts keep their mutual notable dissimilarity. Contrariwise, evaluation of a development of the regional disparities among the districts looks like notably heterogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable regional discrepancies throughout the districts of the Slovak Republic. Hence, it is necessary to create a common platform how to proceed with the solution of this issue.

scholarly journals The Learning to Learn Competence in Early Childhood Preservice Teachers: An Outdoor and e/m-Learning Experience in the Museum

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Daniel Abril-López ◽  
Hortensia Morón-Monge ◽  
María del Carmen Morón-Monge ◽  
María Dolores López Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning To Learn ◽  
Outdoor Experience ◽  
Outdoor Experiences

This study was developed with Early Childhood Preservice Teachers within the framework of the Teaching and Learning of Social Sciences over three academic years (2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020) at the University of Alcalá. The main objective was to improve the learning to learn competence during teacher training from an outdoor experience at the Museum of Guadalajara (Spain), using e/m-learning tools (Blackboard Learn, Google Forms, QR codes, and websites) and the inquiry-based learning approach. To ascertain the level of acquisition of this competence in those teachers who were being trained, their self-perception—before and after—of the outdoor experience was assessed through a system of categories adapted from the European Commission. The results show a certain improvement in this competence in Early Childhood Preservice Teachers. Additionally, this outdoor experience shows the insufficient educational adaptation of the museum to the early childhood education stage from a social sciences point of view. Finally, we highlight the importance of carrying out outdoor experiences from an inquiry-based education approach. These outdoor experiences should be carried out in places like museums to encourage contextualized and experiential learning of the youngest in formal education.

Arising of Informal Women's Learn-to-code Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Louise Ann Lyon ◽  
Chelsea Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Learning Community ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Activity System ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
High Level ◽  
Verbal Encouragement ◽  
Activity Systems Analysis

Female-focused, grassroots communities purporting to help women learn to code are popping up in a variety of settings, indicating the motivation on the part of the participants to evade male-dominated settings while learning. However, little is known about how these groups function as an activity system. With current technology enabling the forming of virtual communities and the meteoric rise in use of the Salesforce CRM (customer relationship management) platform, a group of women have formed a coaching and learning community designed to help women move from Salesforce administrators to software developers through learning to code. We used activity systems analysis (ASA) to investigate this real-world instance of the larger phenomenon using an ethnographic approach. We used ASA to organize and make sense of the data by first creating a table listing the points on the activity system triangle (subject, rules, object, etc.) and filling in the points of the triangle based on the design of the coaching and learning group as described by participants; this gave us a high-level view of the activity system. To understand the subjects’ point of view of the system, we then created a new column in the table to fill in themes that emerged from our qualitative data analysis organized by dimension of the activity system. This process enabled us to capture the activity and the voices of participants as well as tensions that had emerged in the system. Findings show a range of outcomes, from participants crediting the group as a kickstart to the journey to successfully landing a job as a developer to members stalling in their progress after involvement. Results also show that purposeful tensions of welcoming novice questions and offering unsolicited verbal encouragement built into the activity system create a welcoming, safe environment for women learning to code.

scholarly journals Designing Science and Technology Park of Tabriz with Organic Architecture Approach, Inspired by Ants' Nest Algorithm

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Zahra Ghannadian ◽  
Shahriyar Shaghagh
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Science And Technology Parks ◽  
Technology Park ◽  
Technology Parks ◽  
Science And Technology Park ◽  
Organic Architecture ◽  
High Level

Establishment of every urban element in its appropriate position requires advanced technology and science from geographical and climatic point of view. This is accompanied and synchronous with modern culture born by supreme and high level of training and education in the society. In this regard, one of the main objectives of the architectures' union is to establish science and Technology Park with the aim of facilitating and accelerating science and technology transmission from university to the society and country.Tabriz city is considered as one of the most important academic and industrial cities in the country. Establishing science and technology parks can be effective in scientific, economic and social development of the country and province. Employing organic methods in architecture to use natural energies is an effective and useful method and its structure produces less pollution. Using philosophical and introductory issues and views of technology and establishing technology parks, present article proceeds on issues of organic architecture with new approach which is inspired by ants' nest algorithm and presents a new experience of architecture in the form of Science and Technology Park.

scholarly journals Learning Analytics to Reveal Links Between Learning Design and Self-Regulated Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhou Fan ◽  
Wannisa Matcha ◽  
Nora’ayu Ahmad Uzir ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Dragan Gašević
Keyword(s):  
Learning Analytics ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Metacognitive Control ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
High Level ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning

AbstractThe importance of learning design in education is widely acknowledged in the literature. Should learners make effective use of opportunities provided in a learning design, especially in online environments, previous studies have shown that they need to have strong skills for self-regulated learning (SRL). The literature, which reports the use of learning analytics (LA), shows that SRL skills are best exhibited in choices of learning tactics that are reflective of metacognitive control and monitoring. However, in spite of high significance for evaluation of learning experience, the link between learning design and learning tactics has been under-explored. In order to fill this gap, this paper proposes a novel learning analytic method that combines three data analytic techniques, including a cluster analysis, a process mining technique, and an epistemic network analysis. The proposed method was applied to a dataset collected in a massive open online course (MOOC) on teaching in flipped classrooms which was offered on a Chinese MOOC platform to pre- and in-service teachers. The results showed that the application of the approach detected four learning tactics (Search oriented, Content and assessment oriented, Content oriented and Assessment oriented) which were used by MOOC learners. The analysis of tactics’ usage across learning sessions revealed that learners from different performance groups had different priorities. The study also showed that learning tactics shaped by instructional cues were embedded in different units of study in MOOC. The learners from a high-performance group showed a high level of regulation through strong alignment of the choices of learning tactics with tasks provided in the learning design. The paper also provides a discussion about implications of research and practice.

Der Raum der Vorlesung: Vom Auditorium zum „multi media hub“

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-701
Author(s):  
Heiko Hausendorf ◽  
Kenan Hochuli ◽  
Johanna Jud ◽  
Alexandra Zoller
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
High Level

Abstract The present paper is concerned with the lecture hall as the natural home of lecturing. We will focus on constructed, designed and equipped space as a material and communicative manifestation of science which fundamentally contributes to the multimodal practice of lecturing. Taking an interactionist point of view, we start off with introducing our concept of architecture-for-interaction which aims at spatial built-in features as a resource for social interaction, namely for situational anchoring among those present. In a second step, we identify key architectural elements of the lecture hall as material sediments of communicative problems connected with the social practice of lecturing. In doing so, we will also give a high-level overview of the historical development of the lecture hall (and its precursors) since the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. Turning to current data from lecturing in times of the pandemic, we will then deal with so called „ghost lectures“ behind closed doors. This current development brings out a refiguration process due to which the lecture hall undergoes a change from the classical auditorium with copresent participants to a multi-media hub allowing for tele-present participants.

A Dutchman in London: reflections of a hospital chief executive from the Netherlands in the NHS

BMJ Leader ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. leader-2021-000509
Author(s):  
Marcel Levi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
British Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Clinical Point ◽  
High Level

BackgroundThe NHS is a fascinating health care system and is enjoying a lot of support from all layers of British society. However, it is clear that the system has excellent features but also areas that can be improved.Story of selfA number of years as a chief executive in one of London’s largest hospital has brought me a wealth of impressions, experiences, and understanding about working in the NHS. Contrasting those to my previous experience as chief executive in Amsterdam (The Netherlands) provides an interesting insight.ObservationsVery strong features of the NHS are the high level of health care professionals, the focus on quality and safety, and involvement of patients and the public. However, the NHS can significantly improve by addressing the lack of clinical professionals in the lead, curtailing ever increasing bureaucracy, and reducing its peculiar preference for outsourcing even the most crucial activities to private parties. The frequent inability to swiftly and successfully complete goal-directed negotiations as well as the large but from a clinical point of view irrelevant private sector are areas of sustained bewilderment. Lastly, the drive for innovation and transformation as well as the level of biomedical research in the NHS and supported by the British universities is fascinating and outstanding.

Dental Interns’ Perceptions of Their Training Experiences at Different Training Centers: A Look at Work Environment and Supervision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alenezi
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: the aim of this study was to explore dental interns perceptions on their learning environment and supervision. Methods: This survey was in form of questioner in which interns are required to fill and submit at the end of each training rotation. The questionnaire includes 20 items and was divided into three main parts: the first part of the questionnaire evaluated the interns perception toward the learning outcomes obtained from the field experience and their development. The second part of the study assessed the interns' perceptions toward their supervisors. The third part of the questionnaire investigated the interns' perceptions toward training centers facilities. Results: A total number of 234 questioners were filled and submitted by interns in which 134 from male intern (57.3%) and 100 from female interns (42.7%). In general, the interns from both genders appeared very satisfied with their training experience. With all the questionnaire 20 items, more than 75% of the obtained answers was either agree or strongly agree with similar obtained from both male and female interns. Conclusions: High level of satisfaction can be obtained when the the field experience outcomes is clearly explained to the dental interns. In addition, the availability of supervisors with full awareness of learning outcomes will improve the learning experience of dental interns.

Culture Management through Prism Achievements of Kazakhstan Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Assel Imayo ◽  
Aizhan Kalibayeva
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
World Community ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Thirtieth Anniversary ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level

2021 year has become time for drawing the bottom line under the achievements in the field of culture and science for 30 years of independence of Kazakhstan. The high level of modern cultural potential, rich cultural heritage have become one of the leading factors in the formation of a positive image of Kazakhstan as a country with a distinctive culture and spiritual traditions that go deep into history. Creative personalities, public policy and private organizations contribute to the development and promotion of Kazakhstan’s art in the world, which invariably arouses interest of the world community. However, a problem of the popularization of Kazakh music, art, film and theater art is still relevant. In addition to examples of achievements and successful cases of Kazakhstan’s culture, in this article the authors try to consider the problem from the point of view of management in culture and show importance of the position of an art manager in the modern world of arts. To implement this issue, the authors studied publications on the achievements of various types of arts in recent years and also took into account reaction of domestic and foreign audiences to cultural products and projects from this area. This article lists specific achievements in the field of academic art. As the analysis of publications on this topic has shown, most of them were implemented by cultural figures in the last decade of independence of the republic. At the forefront is the question of the consistency and well-coordinated interaction of cultural management with the creative component of the academic sphere of art in Kazakhstan. And the most striking examples of successful cases of such interaction are given as well. This study has analytical value and can be presented at seminars and conferences as a demonstration of examples of achievements for reporting presentations in the year of the celebration of the thirtieth anniversary of Kazakhstan's independence.

scholarly journals Molecular aspects of high-level resistance to sulbactam-cefoperazone in Klebsiella oxytoca clinical isolates.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1988-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kimura ◽  
Y Arakawa ◽  
S Ohsuka ◽  
H Ito ◽  
K Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Nine Klebsiella oxytoca strains which demonstrated resistance to the combination of sulbactam and cefoperazone were isolated from geographically separate hospitals in Japan in 1995. Among them, K. oxytoca SB23 showed high-level resistance to sulbactam-cefoperazone (MIC > 128 micrograms/ml) and aztreonam (MIC, 128 micrograms/ml). The sulbactam-cefoperazone resistance was not transferred from strain SB23 to Escherichia coli CSH2 by conjugation, beta-Lactamase RbiA, produced by strain SB23, was purified, and the molecular mass was estimated to be 29 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Kinetic parameters for RbiA revealed that cefoperazone and aztreonam were hydrolyzed efficiently by this enzyme. Moreover, ceftazidime and imipenem were also hydrolyzed weakly by RbiA, although strain SB23 did not show any resistance to these agents. Clavulanate, sulbactam, and tazobactam failed to block the hydrolysis of cefoperazone by RbiA. The structural gene of RbiA (blaRBI) was cloned and sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequence of RbiA demonstrated high-level similarities to those of the beta-lactamases found in K. oxytoca D488, E23004, and plasmid-mediated MEN-1, which have been classified into Bush functional group 2be. Although RbiA demonstrates high-level molecular similarity to the enzymes in group 2be, from an enzymological point of view, this enzyme might be differentiated from the enzymes in that group. Hybridization analysis revealed that beta-lactamase genes highly similar to blaRBI were generally encoded on the chromosome of the sulbactam-cefoperazone-resistant clinical isolates of K. oxytoca tested in the study, despite their different derivations. This observation suggests that sulbactam-cefoperazone-resistant A. oxytoca strains which produce RbiA-type beta-lactamases have been proliferating in many hospitals in Japan.

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