scholarly journals Hypercarotenemia in Anorexia Nervosa Patients May Influence Weight Balance: Results of a Clinical Cross-Sectional Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Lackner ◽  
Nathalie Meier-Allard ◽  
Sabrina Mörkl ◽  
Wolfram Müller ◽  
Alfred Fürhapter-Rieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Β Carotene

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) can co-occur with hypercarotenemia, a clinical condition characterized by elevated β-carotene in plasma and skin tissue. Carotenoids have known anti-obesogenic effects in adipocyte biology. Thus, carotenoids may potentially play a retarding role in weight gain during the recovery of AN patients. This study evaluated the plasma carotenoid profile and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in a cohort of AN patients and normal weight (NW) controls.Methods: Plasma concentrations of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene were determined by HPLC analysis. SAT thicknesses were measured by a highly accurate and reliable ultrasound technique. Information on dietary intakes were collected by repeated 24-h recalls.Results: Sixty-two females (AN: n = 18, NW: n = 44) were included. The concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin (p = 0.045) and lycopene (p = 0.004) were significantly lower in AN patients. β-carotene levels were higher in AN patients (n.s.) and α-carotene did not differ significantly. SAT thickness was significantly lower in AN patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). β-carotene was significantly negative (rs = −0.471) and lycopene significantly positive (rs = 0.366) correlated with SAT. The correlation of β-carotene and SAT was even higher in the AN group alone (rs = −0.742). Also, β- cryptoxanthin and the sum of provitamin A carotenoids were correlated to SAT (rs = −0.647 and rs = −0.746, respectively) in AN patients. Fruits and vegetable intake did not differ significantly between AN and NW but adjusted for SAT, AN patients consumed relatively higher amounts (p = 0.006).Conclusion: Higher plasma β-carotene concentrations were associated with reduced SAT levels, most probably due to a reduced ability of the remaining adipose tissue to store carotenoids. Thus, the antiobesity effects of carotenoids might impact the treatment success of undernutrition and AN. A systemic carotenoid overload may contribute to changes in adipogenesis and metabolic capacities for energy storage. Therefore, high plasma β-carotene may be a marker of delay in weight recovery in AN patients. Interventional studies should consider including carotenoid-status in AN treatment.

scholarly journals Plasma concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin C are better correlated with dietary intake in normal weight than overweight and obese elderly subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Vioque ◽  
Tanja Weinbrenner ◽  
Laura Asensio ◽  
Adela Castelló ◽  
Ian S. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoid and vitamin C intakes, assessed by FFQ, have been positively associated with plasma concentrations in different populations. However, the influence of BMI on these associations has not been explored in detail. We explored in a cross-sectional study the relation between dietary carotenoid and vitamin C intakes, using a 135-item FFQ, with their plasma concentrations by BMI categories in 252 men and 293 women, 65 years and older. For men and women combined, significant (P < 0·05) Pearson correlations were observed between energy-adjusted dietary intakes and plasma concentrations (carotenoids adjusted for cholesterol) for: α-carotene 0·21, β-carotene 0·19, lycopene 0·18, β-cryptoxanthin 0·20 and vitamin C 0·36. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the intake of carotenoids and vitamin C were significant predictors of their respective plasma concentration (P < 0·01), and that BMI was inversely associated with plasma concentration of carotenoids (P ≤ 0·01) but not with plasma vitamin C. In addition, we observed significant interactions between BMI and the intakes of α-carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin, and to a lower extent β-carotene, suggesting that these intakes in subjects with high BMI were not good predictors of their plasma concentration. The present data suggest that plasma carotenoids and vitamin C may be good markers of dietary intake in elderly subjects, but not so for α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin in obese subjects.

Vegetable Consumption and Carotenoids in Plasma and Adipose Tissue in Malaga, Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gómez-Aracena ◽  
R. Bogers ◽  
P. Van’t Veer ◽  
E. Gómez-Gracia ◽  
A. García-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Green Pepper

Objective: To study relationships between habitual dietary intake, adipose tissue concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lycopene, and plasma concentrations of alpha- and beta-carotene. Design: Cross-sectional study including assessment of food habits by a food frequency questionnaire and 48-hour recall and determination of carotenoid concentrations in adipose tissue and plasma. Subjects: 51 women (mean age of 62 years) from the control group of the European Community Multicentre Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and Breast Cancer (EURAMIC), Málaga, Spain. Results: In adipose tissue, beta-carotene was correlated with consumption of green pepper (r = 0.36; p < 0.05) and lycopene with total fruit/vegetable intake (r = 0.28; p < 0.05), green pepper (r = 0.31; p < 0.05), and carrot (r = 0.25; p < 0.10). In plasma, beta-carotene was correlated with total fruit/vegetable intake (r = 0.29; p < 0.10), lettuce (r = 0.34; p < 0.05), tomato (r = 0.26; p < 0.10), and lycopene with total fruit/vegetable intake (r = 0.27; p < 0.10). Age-, BMI- and waist circumference-adjusted regression coefficients for the regression of logn-transformed adipose and plasma concentrations on consumption of specific fruits and vegetables (per 100g/day) were calculated. In adipose tissue, coefficients were: 1.50 (p < 0.05) for alpha-carotene/carrot; 1.90 (p < 0.10) and 0.51 (p < 0.10) for beta-carotene/green pepper and lettuce; 2.02 (p < 0.05), 1.25 (p < 0.05) and 0.18 (p < 0.05) for lycopene/green pepper, carrot and total fruit/vegetable intake. In plasma, coefficients were 1.14 (p < 0.05) and 0.21 (p < 0.05) for beta-carotene/lettuce and total fruit/vegetable intake. Conclusions: Consumption of fruit and vegetables could be linked directly to carotenoid concentrations in adipose tissue and plasma. Although associations with individual food items are related to their carotenoid contents, the absorption and distribution of carotenoids needs more attention to improve their usefulness as biomarkers of exposure.

scholarly journals Influence of feeding different vegetables on plasma levels of carotenoids, folate and vitamin C. Effect of disruption of the vegetable matrix

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin H. van het Hof ◽  
Lilian B. M. Tijburg ◽  
K. Pietrzik ◽  
Jan A. Weststrate
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Incomplete Block Design ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Green Peas

Carotenoids, folate and vitamin C may contribute to the observed beneficial effects of increased vegetable intake. Currently, knowledge on the bioavailability of these compounds from vegetables is limited. We compared the efficacy of different vegetables, at the same level of intake (i.e. 300 g/d), in increasing plasma levels of carotenoids, folate and vitamin C and we investigated if disruption of the vegetable matrix would enhance the bioavailability of these micronutrients. In an incomplete block design, sixty-nine volunteers consumed a control meal without vegetables and three out of four vegetable meals (i.e. broccoli, green peas, whole leaf spinach, chopped spinach; containing between 1·7 and 24·6 mg β-carotene, 3·8 and 26 mg lutein, 0·22 and 0·60 mg folate and 26 and 93 mg vitamin C) or a meal supplemented with synthetic β-carotene (33·3 mg). Meals were consumed for 4 d and fasting blood samples were taken at the end of each period. Consumption of the spinach-supplemented meal did not affect plasma levels of β-carotene, although the β-carotene content was 10-fold those of broccoli and green peas, which induced significant increases in plasma β-carotene levels (28 (95 % CI 6·4, 55) % and 26 (95 % CI 2·6, 54) % respectively). The β-carotene-supplemented meal increased plasma concentrations of β-carotene effectively (517 (95 % CI 409, 648) %). All vegetable meals increased the plasma concentrations of lutein and vitamin C significantly. Broccoli and green peas were, when expressed per mg carotenoid consumed, also more effective sources of lutein than spinach. A significant increase in plasma folate concentration was found only after consumption of the spinach-supplemented meal, which provided the highest level of folate. Disruption of the spinach matrix increased the plasma responses to both lutein (14 (95 % CI 3·7, 25) %) and folate (10 (95 % CI 2·2, 18) %), whereas it did not affect the response to β-carotene. We conclude that the bioavailabilities of β-carotene and lutein vary substantially among different vegetables and that the bioavailabilities of lutein and folate from spinach can be improved by disruption of the vegetable matrix.

scholarly journals Medication Intake Is Associated with Lower Plasma Carotenoids and Higher Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Cross-Sectional MARK-AGE Study in Older Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2072
Author(s):  
Daniela Weber ◽  
Bastian Kochlik ◽  
Wolfgang Stuetz ◽  
Martijn E. T. Dollé ◽  
Eugène H. J. M. Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Intake ◽  
The One ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

The regular use of medication may interfere with micronutrient metabolism on several levels, such as absorption, turnover rate, and tissue distribution, and this might be amplified during aging. This study evaluates the impact of self-reported medication intake on plasma micronutrients in the MARK-AGE Project, a cross-sectional observational study in 2217 subjects (age- and sex-stratified) aged 35–75 years from six European countries that were grouped according to age. Polypharmacy as possible determinant of micronutrient concentrations was assessed using multiple linear regression models adjusted for age-group, dietary fruit, vegetables, and juice intake, and other confounders. Younger participants reported taking fewer drugs than older participants. Inverse associations between medication intake and lutein (−3.31% difference per increase in medication group), β-carotene (−11.44%), α-carotene (−8.50%) and positive associations with retinol (+2.26%), α-tocopherol/cholesterol (+2.89%) and γ-tocopherol/cholesterol (+1.36%) occurred in multiple adjusted regression models. Combined usage of a higher number of medical drugs was associated with poorer status of carotenoids on the one hand and higher plasma concentrations of retinol, α- and γ-tocopherol on the other hand. Our results raise concerns regarding the safety of drug combinations via the significant and surprisingly multifaceted disturbance of the concentrations of relevant micronutrients.

scholarly journals Determinants of IGF1 and GH across the weight spectrum: from anorexia nervosa to obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Brick ◽  
A V Gerweck ◽  
E Meenaghan ◽  
E A Lawson ◽  
M Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gh Secretion

ContextChronic starvation is characterized by GH resistance, and obesity is characterized by decreased GH secretion. In both extremes, IGF1 levels may be low and androgen levels may be abnormal.ObjectiveTo investigate the determinants of IGF1 and GH across the weight spectrum in women.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingClinical research center.Study participantsIn total, 32 women had participated in the study: 11 women with anorexia nervosa (AN), 11 normal-weight women, and 10 obese women of comparable mean age.InterventionNone.Main outcome measuresPooled hourly overnight serum samples assayed for IGF1, GH, estradiol (E2), testosterone, SHBG, insulin, free fatty acids, and trunk fat.ResultsFree testosterone was higher in obese women and lower in women with AN than in normal-weight women, and was the only independent (and positive) predictor of IGF1 levels, accounting for 14% of the variability (P=0.032) in the group as a whole. This relationship was stronger when obese women were excluded, with free testosterone accounting for 36% of the variability (P=0.003). Trunk fat accounted for 49% of the variability (P<0.0001) of GH, with an additional 7% of the variability attributable to E2 (P=0.042) in the group as a whole, but was not a significant determinant of GH secretion when obese women were excluded.ConclusionsFree testosterone is a significant determinant of IGF1 levels in women across the body weight spectrum. In contrast, GH secretion is differentially regulated at the extremes of the weight spectrum.

scholarly journals Physical activity and the prevalence of primary headaches among a large population of university students: The MEPHASOUS study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoume Mansouri ◽  
Farshad Sharifi ◽  
Mehdi Varmaghani ◽  
Azad Shokri ◽  
HosseinAli Rahdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Primary headaches have a high prevalence among university students. Lifestyle has an important role in the prevention and management of these headaches. Among lifestyle factors, data on the association between physical activity and primary headaches are scarce and conflicting.Aim: To examine the association between physical activity and primary headaches among a large population of university students.Methods: Totally, 83,463 university students from 28 provinces of Iran were included in the current cross-sectional study. Data on physical activity, dietary intakes, and demographic characteristics were collected using pre-tested questionnaires. Primary headaches were determined according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (ICHD-3) criteria.Results: Mean age of university students was 21.50 ± 4.01, and 54.7% were female. Primary headaches were prevalent among 9% of students. A significant inverse association was seen between physical activity and primary headaches in the whole population (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.62-0.71). Such an inverse association was also observed after taking potential confounders into account; such that students who were physically active had 21% lower odds of primary headaches compared with those who were physically inactive (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72-0.87). Also, physical activity was associated with reduced odds of primary headaches in male and female students (Males; OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60-0.82, females; OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94) as well as those students with normal-weight (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.87), overweight, or obesity (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66-0.96).Conclusion: Our findings support the protective association between physical activity and primary headaches.

scholarly journals Integrative Analysis of Lipid Profiles in Plasma Allows Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering in Children with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Elena Cristina Castillo ◽  
Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor ◽  
Carmen Hernández-Brenes ◽  
Dariana G. Rodríguez-Sánchez ◽  
Christian Silva-Platas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity

Hypertension, central obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia are key risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the specific factors contributing to the development of unfavorable cardiometabolic characteristics in children with obesity are unknown. In this study, we investigated the cross-sectional relationships between cytokines, irisin, and fatty acid (FA) composition in plasma in school-age children with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity (MHO and MUO, respectively) of the same age and body mass index and waist circumference percentiles. We compared the data with that of children with normal weight (NW). We found that inflammatory cytokines and low irisin plasma concentrations are associated with obesity but not with cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Lipid profiles showed that children with MUO have a distinctive FA profile compared with children with MHO and NW, whereas children with MHO shared 88% of the FA profile with the NW group. Among all FAs, concentration of myristic acid (14 : 0), arachidic acid (20 : 0), and n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) was higher in children with MHO, whereas n-6 PUFAs such as arachidonic acid (20 : 4n6) had a significant contribution in defining MUO. These data suggest that the plasma FA profile is not only a central link to obesity but also may act as an indicator of CMR presence.

scholarly journals Weight resilience and fruit and vegetable intake among African-American women in an obesogenic environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M Parisi ◽  
Lisa M Bodnar ◽  
Tamara Dubowitz
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reported Data

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate relationships between weight resilience (maintaining a normal weight in a food desert environment) and fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, attitudes and barriers.DesignCross-sectional, in-person surveys collected May–December 2011, including self-reported data on F&V-related psychosocial factors, attitudes and barriers. Two 24 h dietary recalls were completed; weight and height were measured. Multivariable regression models estimated prevalence ratios (95 % CI).SettingTwo low-income, predominantly African-American food deserts in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.SubjectsWomen aged 18–49 years (n 279) who were the primary food shopper in a household randomly selected for a parent study.ResultsFifteen per cent were weight resilient, 30 % were overweight and 55 % were obese. Overall, 25 % reported eating ≥5 F&V servings/d. After adjustment for age, education, parity, employment, living alone, physical activity, per capita income and mean daily energy intake, women eating ≥5 F&V servings/d were 94 % more likely to be weight resilient compared with those eating <5 servings/d (1·94; 1·10, 3·43). Across BMI groups, self-efficacy regarding F&V consumption was high and few F&V barriers were reported. The most frequently reported barrier was concern about the cost of F&V (36 %). Of the attitudinal F&V-related factors, only concern about wasting food when serving F&V was associated with weight resilience in adjusted models (0·29; 0·09, 0·94). In a model predicting consuming ≥5 F&V servings/d, driving one’s own car to the store was the only attitudinal F&V-related factor associated with consumption (1·50; 1·00, 2·24).ConclusionsIn this population, weight resilience may be encouraged by improving access to affordable and convenient F&V options and providing education on ways to make them palatable to the entire household, rather than by shifting women’s F&V perceptions, which are already positive.

scholarly journals Associations between reported intakes of carotenoid-rich foods and concentrations of carotenoids in plasma: a validation study of a web-based food recall for children and adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3265-3275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anine Christine Medin ◽  
Monica Hauger Carlsen ◽  
Lene Frost Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Cross Classification ◽  
Food Recall ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractObjectiveTo validate estimated intakes of carotenoid-rich foods from a web-based food recall (WebFR) using carotenoids in blood as an objective reference method.DesignCross-sectional validation study using carotenoids in plasma to evaluate estimated intakes of selected carotenoid-rich foods. Participants recorded their food intake in the WebFR and plasma concentrations of β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin were measured.SettingSchools and homes of families in a suburb of the capital of Norway.SubjectsA total of 261 participants in the age groups 8–9 and 12–14 years.ResultsSpearman’s rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0·30 to 0·44, and cross-classification showed that 71·6–76·6 % of the participants were correctly classified, when comparing the reported intakes of carotenoid-rich foods and concentrations of the corresponding carotenoids in plasma, not including lutein and zeaxanthin.ConclusionsCorrelations were acceptable and cross-classification analyses demonstrated that the WebFR was able to rank participants according to their reported intake of foods rich in α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene. The WebFR is a promising tool for dietary assessment among children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of lactating women in Bogor district, Indonesia: cross-sectional dietary intake in three economic quintiles and comparison with pre-pregnant women

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S67-S74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Madanijah ◽  
Rimbawan Rimbawan ◽  
Dodik Briawan ◽  
Zulaikhah Zulaikhah ◽  
Nuri Andarwulan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Vitamins A And C

AbstractThe way in which women accommodate for their increased nutritional needs during the lactation period is poorly investigated. In a cross-sectional study involving 220 lactating women (LW), equally distributed in economic quintiles (Q2, Q3, Q4), we investigated whether habitual dietary intake of LW differed from that of 200 pre-pregnant women (PPW) studied using the same methodology. Differences in dietary intake and nutrition sufficiency according to economic status were also investigated. Dietary intake data were collected using 2×24-h dietary recalls and FFQ. Energy, protein, Fe, Ca, Zn and vitamins A and C intakes were calculated utilising local food composition tables and were compared against Indonesian recommendations for adequacy. Energy and protein intakes <70 % of the recommendation and Fe, Ca, Zn and vitamins A and C intakes <77 % of the recommendation were considered insufficient. Except for Zn, dietary intakes of all studied nutrients were higher in LW compared with PPW. However, for all studied nutrients, dietary intake was insufficient in >25 % of LW. For Q2-LW, this proportion was >50 %, except for protein. LW across all studied economic quintiles approximately doubled their vegetable intake, and 71 % of LW indicated a belief that this enhances lactation performance. Biochemical status parameters were analysed in a subset of forty-five women. Anaemia as well as Fe, Zn and Se deficiencies were prevalent among LW, supporting the nutrient intake deficiency data. Despite increasing intakes in LW compared with PPW, habitual diets in the study area do not provide for daily nutrient requirements in substantial proportions for both LW and PPW across all investigated economic groups.

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