A Spatial Analysis of Access to Physical Activity Infrastructure and Healthy Food in Regional Tasmania

Prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity continues to increase in regional areas such as North-West (NW) Tasmania and show no signs of abating. It is possible that limited access to physical activity infrastructure (PAI) and healthier food options are exacerbating the low levels of habitual physical activity and obesity prevalence in these communities. Despite a burgeoning research base, concomitant exploration of both physical activity and food environments in rural and regional areas remain scarce. This research evaluated access (i.e., coverage, variety, density, and proximity) to physical activity resources and food outlets in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) in three NW Tasmanian communities. In all three study areas, the PAI and food outlets were largely concentrated in the main urban areas with most recreational tracks and natural amenities located along the coastline or river areas. Circular Head had the lowest total number of PAI (n = 43) but a greater proportion (30%) of free-to-access outdoor amenities. There was marked variation in accessibility to infrastructure across different areas of disadvantage within and between sites. For a considerable proportion of the population, free-to-access natural amenities/green spaces and recreational tracks (73 and 57%, respectively) were beyond 800 m from their households. In relation to food accessibility, only a small proportion of the food outlets across the region sells predominantly healthy (i.e., Tier 1) foods (~6, 13, and 10% in Burnie, Circular Head and Devonport, respectively). Similarly, only a small proportion of the residents are within a reasonable walking distance (i.e., 5–10 min walk) from outlets. In contrast, a much larger proportion of residents lived close to food outlets selling predominantly energy-dense, highly processed food (i.e., Tier 2 outlets). Circular Head had at least twice as many Tier 1 food stores per capita than Devonport and Burnie (0.23 vs. 0.10 and 0.06; respectively) despite recording the highest average distance (4.35 and 5.66 km to Tier 2/Tier 1 stores) to a food outlet. As such, it is possible that both food and physical activity environment layouts in each site are contributing to the obesogenic nature of each community.

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Time Distances to Residential Food Amenities and Daily Walking Duration: A Cross-Sectional Study in Two Low Tier Chinese Cities

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 839

Author(s):

Ziwen Sun ◽

Iain Scott ◽

Simon Bell ◽

Xiaomeng Zhang ◽

Lan Wang

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Food Environment ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Grocery Store ◽

Walking Distance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chinese Cities ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Food Outlets

Recent studies indicate the accepted concept of using land-use mix (LUM) to promote physical activity is ineffective and even counteractive in the Chinese context. Before considering LUM as a whole, different amenity types need to be respectively analyzed in relation to various functions and demands. This study aims to examine the specific associations between food-related amenities and perceived daily walking duration (WD) in small Chinese cities. Two interviewer-administered questionnaire surveys (n = 354) were conducted in Yuncheng and Suihua between 2017 and 2018. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of WD with seven different categories of food outlet at three levels of walking distance. The associations were further explored by food environment diversity and through two age groups. With the exception of café/tea house, the other six food outlets were positively associated with WD. After adjusting for socioeconomic variables, the associations of grocery store and supermarket weakened. Higher levels of food environment diversity were associated with a longer WD. Among the age groups, food outlets were more associated with older adults’ WD. This novel quantitative study suggests that increasing the number and heterogeneity of food-related amenities (including mobile street vendors) within a neighborhood can enhance physical activity in small Chinese cities.

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Design Intervention Assessment of Urban Public Park for Physical Activity Promotion in Bangkok, Thailand

11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES - Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences Proceeding ◽

10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(4) ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 4-4

Author(s):

Sigit Arifwidodo ◽

Orana Chandrasiri

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Physical Activity Promotion ◽

Well Being ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Public Park ◽

Activity Promotion ◽

Wide Range ◽

Design Intervention

Public Park is considered one of the essential settings for physical activity, especially in urban areas. Parks support physical activity through their accessibility, their provision to facilitate active pursuits; their capacity to provide opportunities to a wide range of users; and their semi-permanent nature. The paper explores the design intervention assessment of Benchakitti Park, which serves as the pilot project for active park and showcase during the past ISPAH 2016 conference. The objective of the paper is to understand the health and well-being benefits of an urban park in increasing PA levels of urban population and promoting a healthy and active lifestyle. Keywords: Public park; physical activity; urban landscape design; public health; SOPARC

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A cutting edge approach to assessing physical activities occurring on sidewalks/streets (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.12976 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Robert Suminski Jr ◽

Gregory Dominick ◽

Philip Sapanaro

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Physical Activity Behavior ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Video Data ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

High Definition ◽

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽

Number Of Individuals

BACKGROUND A considerable proportion of outdoor physical activity is done on sidewalk/streets. For example, we found that ~70% of adults who walked during the previous week used the sidewalks/streets around their homes. Interventions conducted at geographical levels (e.g., community) and studies examining relationships between environmental conditions (e.g., traffic) and walking/biking, necessitate a reliable measure of physical activities performed on sidewalks/streets. The Block Walk Method (BWM) is one of the more common approaches available for this purpose. Although it utilizes reliable observation techniques and displays criterion validity, it remains relatively unchanged since its introduction in 2006. It is a non-technical, labor-intensive, first generation method. Advancing the BWM would contribute significantly to our understanding of physical activity behavior. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the objective of the proposed study is to develop and test a new BWM that utilizes a wearable video device (WVD) and computer video analysis to assess physical activities performed on sidewalks/streets. The following aims will be completed to accomplish this objective. Aim 1: Improve the BWM by incorporating a WVD into the methodology. The WVD is a pair of eyeglasses with a high definition video camera embedded into the frames. We expect the WVD to be a viable option for improving the acquisition and accuracy of data collected using the BWM. Aim 2: Advance the WVD-enhanced BWM by applying machine learning and recognition software to automatically extract information on physical activities occurring on the sidewalks/streets from the videos. METHODS Trained observers (one wearing and one not wearing the WVD) will walk together at a set pace along predetermined, 1000 ft. sidewalk/street observation routes representing low, medium, and high walkable areas. During the walks, the non-WVD observer will use the traditional BWM to record the number of individuals standing/sitting, walking, biking, and running along the routes. The WVD observer will only record a video while walking. Later, two investigators will view the videos to determine the numbers of individuals performing physical activities along the routes. For aim 2, the video data will be analyzed automatically using multiple deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to determine the number of humans along an observation route as well as the type of physical activities being performed. Bland Altman methods and intraclass correlation coefficients will be used to assess agreement. Potential sources of error such as occlusions (e.g., trees) will be assessed using moderator analyses. RESULTS Outcomes from this study are pending; however, preliminary studies supporting the research protocol indicate that the BWM is reliable and the number of individuals were seen walking along routes are correlated with several environmental characteristics (e.g., traffic, sidewalk defects). Further, we have used CNNs to detect cars, bikes, and pedestrians as well as individuals using park facilities. CONCLUSIONS We expect the new approach will enhance measurement accuracy while reducing the burden of data collection. In the future, the capabilities of the WVD-CNNs system will be expanded to allow for the determination of other characteristics captured by the videos such as caloric expenditure and environmental conditions.

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Optimal Timing for Launching Installation of Tier 2 and 3 Systems of School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports

Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions ◽

10.1177/1098300721996084 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109830072199608

Author(s):

Angus Kittelman ◽

Sterett H. Mercer ◽

Kent McIntosh ◽

Robert Hoselton

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Optimal Timing ◽

First Year ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Positive Behavioral Interventions ◽

Tier 1 ◽

Tier 3

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine patterns in implementation of Tier 2 and 3 school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS) systems to identify timings of installation that led to higher implementation of advanced tiers. Extant data from 776 schools in 27 states reporting on the first 3 years of Tier 2 implementation and 359 schools in 23 states reporting on the first year of Tier 3 implementation were analyzed. Using structural equation modeling, we found that higher Tier 1 implementation predicted subsequent Tier 2 and Tier 3 implementation. In addition, waiting 2 or 3 years after initial Tier 1 implementation to launch Tier 2 systems predicted higher initial Tier 2 implementation (compared with implementing the next year). Finally, we found that launching Tier 3 systems after Tier 2 systems, compared with launching both tiers simultaneously, predicted higher Tier 2 implementation in the second and third year, so long as Tier 3 systems were launched within 3 years of Tier 2 systems. These findings provide empirical guidance for when to launch Tier 2 and 3 systems; however, we emphasize that delays in launching advanced systems should not equate to delays in more intensive supports for students.

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Global Inland Capture and Culture Finfisheries Follow Different Trends When Evaluated by the Human Development Index

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8420

Author(s):

Peter W. Sorensen ◽

Maria Lourdes D. Palomares

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Global Scale ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Development Index ◽

Tier 1 ◽

Catch Reconstruction ◽

Tier 3

To assess whether and how socioeconomic factors might be influencing global freshwater finfisheries, inland fishery data reported to the FAO between 1950 and 2015 were grouped by capture and culture, country human development index, plotted, and compared. We found that while capture inland finfishes have greatly increased on a global scale, this trend is being driven almost entirely by poorly developed (Tier-3) countries which also identify only 17% of their catch. In contrast, capture finfisheries have recently plateaued in moderately-developed (Tier-2) countries which are also identifying 16% of their catch but are dominated by a single country, China. In contrast, reported capture finfisheries are declining in well-developed (Tier-1) countries which identify nearly all (78%) of their fishes. Simultaneously, aquacultural activity has been increasing rapidly in both Tier-2 and Tier-3 countries, but only slowly in Tier-1 countries; remarkably, nearly all cultured species are being identified by all tier groups. These distinctly different trends suggest that socioeconomic factors influence how countries report and conduct capture finfisheries. Reported rapid increases in capture fisheries are worrisome in poorly developed countries because they cannot be explained and thus these fisheries cannot be managed meaningfully even though they depend on them for food. Our descriptive, proof-of-concept study suggests that socioeconomic factors should be considered in future, more sophisticated efforts to understand global freshwater fisheries which might include catch reconstruction.

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Seismic characteristics of polygonal fault systems in the Great South Basin, New Zealand

Open Geosciences ◽

10.1515/geo-2020-0177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 851-865

Author(s):

Sukonmeth Jitmahantakul ◽

Piyaphong Chenrai ◽

Pitsanupong Kanjanapayont ◽

Waruntorn Kanitpanyacharoen

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Late Eocene ◽

Seismic Survey ◽

Fault System ◽

Normal Faults ◽

Tier 2 ◽

South Basin ◽

Fault Systems ◽

Tier 1 ◽

Polygonal Fault

AbstractA well-developed multi-tier polygonal fault system is located in the Great South Basin offshore New Zealand’s South Island. The system has been characterised using a high-quality three-dimensional seismic survey tied to available exploration boreholes using regional two-dimensional seismic data. In this study area, two polygonal fault intervals are identified and analysed, Tier 1 and Tier 2. Tier 1 coincides with the Tucker Cove Formation (Late Eocene) with small polygonal faults. Tier 2 is restricted to the Paleocene-to-Late Eocene interval with a great number of large faults. In map view, polygonal fault cells are outlined by a series of conjugate pairs of normal faults. The polygonal faults are demonstrated to be controlled by depositional facies, specifically offshore bathyal deposits characterised by fine-grained clays, marls and muds. Fault throw analysis is used to understand the propagation history of the polygonal faults in this area. Tier 1 and Tier 2 initiate at about Late Eocene and Early Eocene, respectively, based on their maximum fault throws. A set of three-dimensional fault throw images within Tier 2 shows that maximum fault throws of the inner polygonal fault cell occurs at the same age, while the outer polygonal fault cell exhibits maximum fault throws at shallower levels of different ages. The polygonal fault systems are believed to be related to the dewatering of sedimentary formation during the diagenesis process. Interpretation of the polygonal fault in this area is useful in assessing the migration pathway and seal ability of the Eocene mudstone sequence in the Great South Basin.

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Measuring Walkability with Street Connectivity and Physical Activity: A Case Study in Iran

World ◽

10.3390/world2010004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 49-61

Author(s):

Pouya Molaei ◽

Liyaning Tang ◽

Mary Hardie

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Urban Areas ◽

International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Future Research ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Street Connectivity ◽

Walking Time ◽

Activity Questionnaire

The walkability of urban areas is an important criterion related to the level of physical activity and public health of citizens. This research aims to measure this parameter in Golsar town located in Rasht, Iran. Two methods were used in this research: Street connectivity and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The principal variables of street connectivity were measured in four districts of Golsar by Geographic Information System (GIS) to rank each one. Then, the acquired results were compared by the average walking time of the respondents of the questionnaire. The comparison explicitly indicated that there is a strong positive correlation between the measures of street connectivity and people’s tendency to walk. As well, District 1 had the highest value of connectivity and the highest average time for walking amongst the four districts. This supports the contention that walkability and the level of outdoor physical activities of people in each district are undoubtedly under the influence of the variables of street connectivity. Nevertheless, the evaluation of other indexes such as proximity, land use mix, safety, and density in Golsar, in future research. can expand our perception of the walkability of this region.

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Incorporation of plasma-based next-generation sequencing to improve guideline-concordant molecular testing in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽

pp. 14-14

Author(s):

Charu Aggarwal ◽

Melina Elpi Marmarelis ◽

Wei-Ting Hwang ◽

Dylan G. Scholes ◽

Aditi Puri Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Practice Change ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Next Generation ◽

First Line ◽

Tier 1 ◽

Tier 3 ◽

The Impact

14 Background: Current NCCN guidelines recommend comprehensive molecular profiling for all newly diagnosed patients with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC to enable the delivery of personalized medicine. We have previously demonstrated that incorporation of plasma based next-generation gene sequencing (NGS) improves detection of clinically actionable mutations in patients with advanced NSCLC (Aggarwal et al, JAMA Oncology, 2018). To increase rates of comprehensive molecular testing at our institution, we adapted our clinical practice to include concurrent use of plasma (P) and tissue (T) based NGS upon initial diagnosis. P NGS testing was performed using a commercial 74 gene assay. We analyzed the impact of this practice change on guideline concordant molecular testing at our institution. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic non-squamous NSCLC following the implementation of this practice change in 12/2018 was performed. Tiers of NCCN guideline concordant testing were defined, Tier 1: complete EGFR, ALK, BRAF, ROS1, MET, RET, NTRK testing, Tier 2: included above, but with incomplete NTRK testing, Tier 3: > 2 genes tested, Tier 4: single gene testing, Tier 5: no testing. Proportion of patients with comprehensive molecular testing by modality (T NGS vs. T+P NGS) were compared using one-sided Fisher’s exact test. Results: Between 01/2019, and 12/2019, 170 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic non-Sq NSCLC were treated at our institution. Overall, 98.2% (167/170) patients underwent molecular testing, Tier 1: n = 100 (59%), Tier 2: n = 39 (23%), Tier 3/4: n = 28 (16.5%), Tier 5: n = 3 (2%). Amongst these patients, 43.1% (72/167) were tested with T NGS alone, 8% (15/167) with P NGS alone, and 47.9% (80/167) with T+P NGS. A higher proportion of patients underwent comprehensive molecular testing (Tiers 1+2) using T+P NGS: 95.7% (79/80) compared to T alone: 62.5% (45/72), p < 0.0005. Prior to the initiation of first line treatment, 72.4% (123/170) patients underwent molecular testing, Tier 1: n = 73 (59%), Tier 2: n = 27 (22%) and Tier 3/4: n = 23 (18%). Amongst these, 39% (48/123) were tested with T NGS alone, 7% (9/123) with P NGS alone and 53.6% (66/123) with T+P NGS. A higher proportion of patients underwent comprehensive molecular testing (Tiers 1+2) using T+P NGS, 100% (66/66) compared to 52% (25/48) with T NGS alone (p < 0.0005). Conclusions: Incorporation of concurrent T+P NGS testing in treatment naïve metastatic non-Sq NSCLC significantly increased the proportion of patients undergoing guideline concordant molecular testing, including prior to initiation of first-line therapy at our institution. Concurrent T+P NGS should be adopted into institutional pathways and routine clinical practice.

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Abstract P192: Metabolomic Profiles Associated with Coronary Heart Disease in Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.p192 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nina P Paynter ◽

Raji Balasubramanian ◽

Shuba Gopal ◽

Franco Giulianini ◽

Leslie Tinker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Validation Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Chd Risk ◽

Tier 1 ◽

Chd Risk Factors

Background: Prior studies of metabolomic profiles and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been limited by relatively small case numbers and scant data in women. Methods: The discovery set examined 371 metabolites in 400 confirmed, incident CHD cases and 400 controls (frequency matched on age, race/ethnicity, hysterectomy status and time of enrollment) in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). All selected metabolites were validated in a separate set of 394 cases and 397 matched controls drawn from the placebo arms of the WHI Hormone Therapy trials and the WHI-OS. Discovery used 4 methods: false-discovery rate (FDR) adjusted logistic regression for individual metabolites, permutation corrected least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms, sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) algorithms, and random forest algorithms. Each method was performed with matching factors only and with matching plus both medication use (aspirin, statins, anti-diabetics and anti-hypertensives) and traditional CHD risk factors (smoking, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, total and HDL cholesterol). Replication in the validation set was defined as a logistic regression coefficient of p<0.05 for the metabolites selected by 3 or 4 methods (tier 1), or a FDR adjusted p<0.05 for metabolites selected by only 1 or 2 methods (tier 2). Results: Sixty-seven metabolites were selected in the discovery data set (30 tier 1 and 37 tier 2). Twenty-six successfully replicated in the validation data set (21 tier 1 and 5 tier 2), with 25 significant with adjusting for matching factors only and 11 significant after additionally adjusting for medications and CHD risk factors. Validated metabolites included amino acids, sugars, nucleosides, eicosanoids, plasmologens, polyunsaturated phospholipids and highly saturated triglycerides. These include novel metabolites as well as metabolites such as glutamate/glutamine, which have been shown in other populations. Conclusions: Multiple metabolites in important physiological pathways with robust associations for risk of CHD in women were identified and replicated. These results may offer insights into biological mechanisms of CHD as well as identify potential markers of risk.

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Attitudes About Perceived Park Safety Among Residents in Low-Income and High Minority Kansas City, Missouri, Neighborhoods

Environment and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0013916518814291 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 639-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lisa Groshong ◽

Sonja A. Wilhelm Stanis ◽

Andrew T. Kaczynski ◽

J. Aaron Hipp

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Low Income ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Kansas City ◽

Outdoor Recreation ◽

Green Space ◽

Park Use ◽

Structural Environment ◽

Safety Constraints

Parks benefit communities by supporting the physical, mental, and social health of their residents. This is especially important in urban areas, where parks provide essential access to green space, and especially among low-income populations who may lack alternative venues for outdoor recreation. However, although urban parks may ostensibly be accessible, their use can be influenced by factors including perceptions and realities of safety. This qualitative study explored the issue of safety as it relates to park use and park-based physical activity from six focus groups with 41 total participants in urban Kansas City, Missouri. As a facilitator to safety, participants described social interactions and structural environment factors. Safety constraints emerged along five main themes: violence, concerning behavior, lack of maintenance, lack of lighting, and traffic/busy roads. This study adds to the literature establishing safety as a complex and multidimensional factor influencing park usage and physical activity.

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