scholarly journals Changes in the Antioxidant and Mineral Status of Rabbits After Administration of Dietary Zinc and/or Thyme Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Kucková ◽  
L'ubomíra Grešáková ◽  
Margaréta Takácsová ◽  
Anna Kandričáková ◽  
L'ubica Chrastinová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Organic Zn ◽  
The Impact

This study was aimed at determining the impact of organic zinc (Zn) and thyme extract (TE) administration, given alone or together for 6 weeks, on the antioxidant and mineral status (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn) in the plasma and tissues of growing rabbits. A total of 96 rabbits of age 35 days were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: a control group (C), a Zn group supplemented with dietary zinc (50 mg/kg), a TE group receiving thyme extract applied in drinking water (1 ml/L), and a Zn + TE group treated with both additives. Lipid peroxidation in the plasma was influenced by Zn intake and in the kidney was affected by both the Zn and TE treatment (P < 0.05). Zn supplementation led to a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity (P = 0.017), total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.009) and total thiol groups level (P = 0.047) in the kidney, with the highest values occurring in rabbits receiving the combination Zn + TE. Administration of TE influenced Zn content in the kidney (P < 0.001), while zinc intake decreased Cu concentration in muscle (P = 0.021). In conclusion, the simultaneous administration of organic Zn and TE positively affected the antioxidant response of kidneys and can be used for improving the antioxidant status of growing rabbits.

scholarly journals The effect of different dietary zinc sources on mineral deposition and antioxidant indices in rabbit tissues

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Čobanová ◽  
Ľubica Chrastinová ◽  
Mária Chrenková ◽  
Mária Polačiková ◽  
Zuzana Formelová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Organic Zn ◽  
Rabbit Tissues

<p>The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of dietary zinc from inorganic and organic sources on the concentration of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe in plasma, tissues and faeces of rabbits. Simultaneously, the activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), specific Cu/Zn SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in liver and kidney were also determined. Ninety-six 49-day-old broiler rabbits were allocated to 4 dietary treatments, each replicated 6 times with 4 animals per replicate. For the subsequent 6 wk, the rabbits were fed an identical basal diet (BD) supplemented with an equivalent dose of Zn (100 mg/kg) from different sources. Group 1 (control) received the unsupplemented BD, while the BD for groups 2, 3 and 4 was supplemented with Zn from Zn sulphate, Zn chelate of glycine hydrate (Zn-Gly) and Zn chelate of protein hydrolysate (Zn-Pro), respectively. The intake of dietary Zn sulphate resulted in an increase in Zn plasma concentration (1.85 vs. 1.48 mg/L; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05) compared to the control group. Feeding the diets enriched with Zn increased the deposition of Zn in the liver (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05), irrespective of the Zn source. The addition of Zn-Pro resulted in significantly higher Cu uptake in liver (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) than in the control and Zn sulphate group (56.0 vs. 35.0 and 36.7 mg/kg dry matter (DM), respectively). Neither Mn nor Fe concentration in plasma and tissues were affected by dietary Zn supplementation, with the exception of Fe deposition in muscle, which was significantly decreased (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) in rabbits supplemented with inorganic Zn sulphate compared to control and Zn-Gly group (9.8 vs. 13.3 and 12.2 mg/kg DM, respectively). Intake of organic Zn-Gly significantly increased the activities of total SOD (43.9 vs. 35.9 U/mg protein; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05) and Cu/Zn SOD (31.1 vs. 23.8 U/mg protein; <em>P</em>&lt;0.01) as well as TAC (37.8 vs. 31.2 μmol/g protein; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05) in the kidney when compared to that of the control group. The presented results did not indicate any differences between dietary Zn sources in Zn deposition and measured antioxidant indices in rabbit tissues. Higher dietary Zn intake did not cause any interactions with respect to Mn, Cu and Fe deposition in liver and kidney tissues, but did increase the faecal mineral concentrations. Dietary organic Zn-Gly improved the antioxidant status in rabbit kidney.</p>

scholarly journals Does Herbal and/or Zinc Dietary Supplementation Improve the Antioxidant and Mineral Status of Lambs with Parasite Infection?

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Klaudia Čobanová ◽  
Zora Váradyová ◽  
Ľubomíra Grešáková ◽  
Katarína Kucková ◽  
Dominika Mravčáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Organic Zn ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed supplementation with a medicinal herbs mixture (Hmix) and organic zinc (Zn), alone or in combination, on the antioxidant responses and mineral status of lambs infected with the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus. A total of 24 experimentally infected lambs were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (n = 6). The diets included an unsupplemented control diet (CON) and the CON further supplemented with Hmix, Zn, or both Hmix + Zn. Antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and microelement (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) concentrations were analyzed in serum, liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa. Zinc treatment elevated the superoxide dismutase activities in the duodenal mucosa and ileal TAC. Intake of Hmix resulted in higher kidney and ileal catalase activity and also influenced the TAC of the liver and intestinal mucosa. The inclusion of Hmix or Zn alone into the diet increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood, liver and duodenal mucosa. Tissue mineral uptake was not affected by herbal supplementation. Organic Zn intake increased the serum and liver Zn levels and influenced the Cu concentration in duodenal mucosa. Dietary supplementation with Hmix and/or Zn might promote the antioxidant status of lambs infected with Haemonchus spp.

scholarly journals Do EFL Learners Enhance Their knowledge of Their Home Cultures as a Result of comparing them with other Cultures Through Project-Based Learning?

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akharraz Mohamad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The existing research studies have revealed that project-based learning (PjBL) has significantly helped foreign language learners enhance their cultural understanding as a result of completing their projects (e.g., Bouchouk, 2017; Hsu, 2014; Kim, 2019; Liu et al., 2006; Ngo, 2014). While these studies have congruently proved the utility of PjBL in enhancing students’ cultural awareness, none of them has measured the effect of PjBL together with a comparative and contrastive approach on students’ understanding of their home cultures. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of comparing students’ home cultures with the English cultures through PjBL on students’ understanding of their own cultures in terms of cultural products, cultural practices, and cultural perspectives. Two similar intact groups were randomly assigned to control and treatment groups. The two groups were pretested, administered two different treatments for 24 weeks, and post-tested to assess their differences. The independent sample t-tests results exhibited that the experimental group substantially deepened their understanding of their home cultures as a result of comparing them with the English cultures through PjBL. The study also revealed that while the control group significantly improved their cultural products, those in the experimental group greatly enhanced their knowledge of cultural practices and perspectives.

scholarly journals Why the Gender of Traditional Authorities Matters: Intersectionality and Women’s Rights Advocacy in Malawi

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1881-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild L. Muriaas ◽  
Vibeke Wang ◽  
Lindsay Benstead ◽  
Boniface Dulani ◽  
Lise Rakner
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Traditional Authorities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marriage Reform

Traditional leadership often coexists with modern political institutions; yet, we know little about how traditional and state authority cues—or those from male or female sources—affect public opinion. Using an original survey experiment of 1,381 Malawians embedded in the 2016 Local Governance Performance Index (LGPI), we randomly assign respondents into one of four treatment groups or a control group to hear messages about a child marriage reform from a female or male traditional authority (TA) or parliamentarian. In the sample as a whole, the female TA is as effective as the control (i.e., no endorsement), while other messengers elicit lower support (i.e., backfire effects). Endorsements produce heterogeneous effects across respondent sex and patrilineal/matrilineal customs, suggesting the need for tailored programs. Our paper adds an intersectional approach to the governance literature and offers a theoretical framework capable of explaining the impact of state and traditional endorsements across policy domains.

Generating Skilled Self-Employment in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Uganda *

2013 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 697-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Blattman ◽  
Nathan Fiala ◽  
Sebastian Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Grant Proposals ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We study a government program in Uganda designed to help the poor and unemployed become self-employed artisans, increase incomes, and thus promote social stability. Young adults in Uganda’s conflict-affected north were invited to form groups and submit grant proposals for vocational training and business start-up. Funding was randomly assigned among screened and eligible groups. Treatment groups received unsupervised grants of $382 per member. Grant recipients invest some in skills training but most in tools and materials. After four years, half practice a skilled trade. Relative to the control group, the program increases business assets by 57%, work hours by 17%, and earnings by 38%. Many also formalize their enterprises and hire labor. We see no effect, however, on social cohesion, antisocial behavior, or protest. Effects are similar by gender but are qualitatively different for women because they begin poorer (meaning the impact is larger relative to their starting point) and because women’s work and earnings stagnate without the program but take off with it. The patterns we observe are consistent with credit constraints.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of antimicrobial use protocols in PRRS virus infected swine on phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa A. Odland ◽  
Roy Edler ◽  
Noelle R. Noyes ◽  
Scott A. Dee ◽  
Joel Nerem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

A longitudinal study was conducted to assess the impact of different antimicrobial exposures of nursery-phase pigs on patterns of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in fecal indicator organisms throughout the growing phase. Based on practical approaches used to treat moderate to severe PRRSV-associated secondary bacterial infections, two antimicrobial protocols of differing intensity of exposure [44.1 and 181.5 animal-treatment days per 1000 animal days at risk (ATD)] were compared with a control group with minimal antimicrobial exposure (2.1 ATD). Litter-matched pigs (n = 108) with no prior antimicrobial exposure were assigned randomly to the treatment groups. Pen fecal samples were collected nine times during the wean-to-finish period and cultured for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using NARMS gram-negative and gram-positive antibiotic panels. Despite up to 65-fold difference in ATD, few and modest differences were observed between groups and over time. Resistant patterns at marketing overall remained similar to those observed at weaning, prior to any antimicrobial exposures. Those differences observed could not readily be reconciled with the patterns of antimicrobial exposure. Resistance of E. coli to streptomycin was higher in the group exposed to 44.1 ATD, but no aminoglycosides were used. In all instances where resistance differed between time points, the higher resistance occurred early in the trial prior to any antimicrobial exposures. These minimal impacts on AMR despite substantially different antimicrobial exposures point to the lack of understanding of the drivers of AMR at the population level and the likely importance of factors other than antimicrobial exposure. IMPORTANCE Despite a recognized need for more longitudinal studies to assess the effects of antimicrobial use on resistance in food animals, they remain sparse in the literature, and most longitudinal studies of pigs have been observational. The current experimental study had the advantages of greater control of potential confounding, precise measurement of antimicrobial exposures which varied markedly between groups and tracking of pigs until market age. Overall, resistance patterns were remarkably stable between the treatment groups over time, and the differences observed could not be readily reconciled with the antimicrobial exposures, indicating the likely importance of other determinants of AMR at the population level.

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF QUERCETIN AND MERCAPTOTHION ON MALE REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF RATS

SPERMOVA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Shiva Roshankhah ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Shabanizadeh ◽  
Amir Abdolmaleki ◽  
Mohammad Reza Salahshoor1 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Germinal Layer ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Fertility Disorders

Quercetin is an herbal polyphenol with valuable antioxidant properties. Mercaptothion is categorized as organophosphates which can generate free radicals and induce male fertility disorders. This study was aimed to assess the impacts of Quercetin against destruction of male fertility parameters induced by Mercaptothion. 64 male rats were randomly assigned into 8 groups; control, and Mercaptothion (250 mg/kg) groups; Quercetin groups (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) and Mercaptothion + Quercetin (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally (Mercaptothion) and orally (Quercetin) daily for 65 days. The sperm parameters, testis malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), testosterone level and height of germinal layer were evaluated. Expressions of p53, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured through real-time quantitative PCR. Values of all factors were reduced significantly except the MDA level (which increased) in Mercaptothion group compared to the control group (p<0.001). Studied criteria in groups of Quercetin and Quercetin + Mercaptothion in whole doses increased significantly except MDA level (which reduced) compared to the Mercaptothion group (p<0.001). Also, downregulated levels of p53, caspase-3, and Bax genes and unregulated levels of Bcl-2 gene expression were detected in control and the sixth treatment groups significantly in Quercetin group compared to the Mercaptothion group (p<0.001). No significant alterations were detected in Quercetin groups compared to the control group (p>0.05). Quercetin reduced toxic effects of Mercaptothion on male fertility parameters.

scholarly journals Sesame Meal, Vitamin E and Selenium Influence Goats’ Antioxidant Status

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Eleni Tsiplakou ◽  
Christina Mitsiopoulou ◽  
Chrysoula Karaiskou ◽  
Marica Simoni ◽  
Athanasios C. Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sesame Meal ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to determine the impact of sesame meal, selenium (Se), and vitamin E (VitE) on goats’ oxidative status. Thirty mid-lactation crossbred goats were divided into five homogeneous groups, and were fed 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1.2 kg of concentrates daily. The control group (C) received a basal diet. In the concentrates of the treated groups, 10% of the soybean meal was replaced by sesame meal and no extra VitE or Se (SM), or an extra 60 mg of VitE (SME), or 0.1 mg organic Se (SMSe), or their combination (60 mg VitE and 0,1 mg organic Se/kg of concentrate (SMESe). In the plasma of the goats, the dietary treatments did not affect glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, or the total antioxidant capacity. A reduction and a trend for lower protein carbonyls content was found in goats fed SM (p = 0.03) and SME (p = 0.06) compared to SMESe. In the milk, the lactoperoxidase activity decreased with SMSe and SMESe. A numerical decrease in the total antioxidant capacity and an increase in the MDA content in the milk of the SMESe group compared with the other treated groups was found. In mid-lactation goats, SM improves the oxidative status of both the organism and the milk.

scholarly journals 18 Impact of in-feed vs. in-water antibiotic administrations on the fecal prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter and Salmonella in piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 35-36
Author(s):  
Victor L Ishengoma ◽  
Raghavendra G Amachawadi ◽  
Kellen A Habib ◽  
Xiaorong Shi ◽  
Taghreed Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Method ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Campylobacter and Salmonella are common food borne pathogens in the gut of pigs and are shed in the feces. The control of these bacteria in pigs is of importance in reducing the potential for transmission to humans. In swine, oral route, either in-feed or in-water, is by far the most common route of administration of antibiotics. Because the distribution of the antibiotic in the gut and the dosage are different, the impact of in-feed vs. in-water administration of antibiotics on the fecal shedding of food borne pathogens, Campylobacter and Salmonella, and on the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in gut bacteria is a largely unexplored area. Therefore, a study was conducted to compare the effects of in-feed and in-water antibiotic administration on fecal prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella and AMR development in nursery piglets. A total of 1,296 weaned piglets were allocated into pens (48 pens; 27 pigs per pen) distributed in a single room. Pens were assigned randomly to six treatment groups; Control (No antibiotic), In-feed chlortetracycline (CTC), In-water CTC, In-feed tiamulin, In-water tiamulin, and a combination of CTC and tiamulin (In-feed). Fresh fecal samples were collected randomly from 5 of 27 piglets from each pen on pre-treatment (days -7, 0), treatment (days 7, 14) and post-treatment (days 21, 28) phases. Bacterial isolations and identifications were done by culture method and PCR, respectively. Overall prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella were 18.2% (262/1,440) and 3.9% (56/1,440) respectively. Speciation of Campylobacter isolates indicated C. hyointestinalis (17.9%; 258/1,440) and C. coli (0.3%; 4/1,440). Pigs from control group had a higher prevalence (P&lt; 0.05) of both Campylobacter and Salmonella when compared to other treatment groups. Both treatment and post-treatment phases had a significant effect on the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella (P&lt; 0.05).

scholarly journals Children’s Reading Comprehension and Motivation on Screen Versus on Paper

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402098884
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Liman Kaban ◽  
Sirin Karadeniz
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Reading Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Electronic Reading ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The young generation, born into digital technologies and called Millennials or the Y-Generation, are raised in a world where everybody has a computer in their pockets (Hamari et al., 2014), and they are constantly engaged in digital activities. However, research on the impact of digital devices on learners’ educational performance and motivation is still an emerging field. This article aims to examine perceptions of the sixth-grade students in Turkey of their e-reading experiences on the basis of their personalized/gamified/PDF electronic reading practices in school and the influences of their perceptions on their reading comprehension and levels of motivation in English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom. The study follows a quasi-experimental approach with four treatment groups and a control group, involving 96 sixth-grade state school students in Turkey. The three treatment groups read in order from the personalized/gamified/PDF electronic reading for 5 weeks whereas the control group used printed guided reading program. The results indicate that EFL learners’ use of screen reading has the potential to increase reading motivation of the students. However, no significant difference was observed in their reading comprehension levels despite the use of different reading medium in control and experimental groups.

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