scholarly journals Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation on Tissue and Plasma Antioxidant Status and Concentrations of Oxidation Products of Cholesterol and Phytosterols in Heat-Processed Thigh Muscle of Broilers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050
Author(s):  
Johanna O. Zeitz ◽  
Tamara Ehbrecht ◽  
Anne Fleischmann ◽  
Erika Most ◽  
Denise K. Gessner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Oxidation

In this study, the hypothesis that supplementation with methionine (Met) as DL-Met (DLM) in excess of the National Research Council (NRC) recommendations improves the antioxidant system in broilers was investigated. Day-old male Cobb-500 broilers (n = 72) were divided into three groups which were fed a control diet or diets supplemented with two levels of DLM in which the concentrations of Met + Cys exceeded the recommendations of NRC by 15–20% (group DLM 1) or 30–40% (group DLM 2), respectively. The three groups of broilers did not show differences in body weight gains, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. However, broilers of groups DLM 1 and DLM 2 had higher concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in liver and thigh muscle and lower concentrations of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in heat-processed thigh muscle than broilers of the control group. Concentrations of several oxidation products of phytosterols in heat-processed thigh muscle were also reduced in groups DLM 1 and DLM 2; however, the concentration of total oxidation products of phytosterols was not different between the three groups. The study shows that DLM supplementation improved the antioxidant status due to an increased formation of GSH and reduced the formation of COPs during heat-processing in thigh muscle.

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary copper sources on performance, gastric ghrelin-RNA expression, and growth hormone concentrations in serum in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4242-4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gonzalez-Esquerra ◽  
Raquel B Araujo ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
Joao L Kill ◽  
Anderson F Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone

Abstract Two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different sources of Cu on production parameters of piglets. A total of 256 piglets weaned at 24 ± 2 d were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 10 or 8 replicates per treatment of 4 or 3 piglets per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental period was divided into 3 feeding phases: Phase 1 (24 to 35 d), Phase 2 (36 to 49 d), and Phase 3 (50 to 70 d). Treatments included a Control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed 160 mg/kg of either CuSO4 (CuSO4-160) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The methionine value of Cu-MHAC was accounted during diet formulation to achieve the same levels of methionine across treatments. Phases 1 and 2 diets contained 2,200 and 1,500 ppm of ZnO, respectively; and antibiotics were used as growth promoters. Performance parameters were analyzed as completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block. In trial 2, blood serum and mucosal samples, from the fundic region of the stomach, were collected from 1 piglet per replicate at day 70 and tested for serum growth hormone levels (GH) and ghrelin mRNA expression, respectively. The contrast between Cu-MHAC vs. CuSO4-160 + TBCC showed that piglets fed Cu-MHAC exhibited better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all feeding phases compared with feeding inorganic Cu (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding Cu-MHAC improved body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake (FI), and FCR vs. Control diet fed piglets; yet, it improved BW and FCR vs. TBCC fed piglets, and improved BW, BW gain, and FI vs. CuSO4-160 fed piglets (P < 0.05). Feeding TBCC promoted similar performance than feeding CuSO4-160, regardless of age (P > 0.05). Both ghrelin expression and growth hormone serum levels were significantly increased by feeding Cu-MHAC vs. Control diet fed animals (P < 0.01). Feeding CuSO4-160 upregulated ghrelin expression vs. Control (P < 0.01) while GH serum levels and ghrelin expression did no change by feeding TBCC compared with Control diet fed animals (P > 0.05). It was concluded that feeding Cu-MHAC at the levels tested herein can improve growth performance of piglets beyond feeding 160 ppm of either CuSO4 or TBCC, which may be partially explained by the increased expression of ghrelin and GH serum levels.

scholarly journals Ingestive behavior of lambs fed with guava agro-industrial waste ( Psidium guajava )

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Torres NOBRE ◽  
Roberto Germano COSTA ◽  
Neila Lidiany RIBEIRO ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de CARVALHO ◽  
George Rodrigo Beltrão da CRUZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Santa Inês

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of guava agro-industrial waste (GAW) on the ingestive behavior of Santa Inês lambs. Forty non-castrated sheep of the Santa Inês breed were used, at an initial weight of 21.33 ± 2.62 kg, and at the age of 120 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and fed with increasing GAW levels (0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0%). The average daily gain (ADG) showed orthogonal contrast (P <0.05), in which the animals that ingested the control diet had lower performances. The animals with GAW added to the diet obtained more significant weight gains reflected by a better feed conversion. Among the variables, idleness, feeding, and total chewing time had a significant effect (P<0.05); animals spent more time idle at the 30.0% inclusion level and less time in the control group. However, the means of the 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5% GAW inclusion levels were statistically similar to the control group and the 30.0% level. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed efficiency, with the lowest values being presented for the control group and the highest values at the 30% inclusion level of GAW. The 30.0% GAW feed for lambs in confinement reduces feed time, and total chewing prolongs idleness and increases feed efficiency without compromising dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and ADG.

scholarly journals Effects of including autolyzed yeast in the finishing of feedlot steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2471-2488
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bobato Pontarolo ◽  
◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Fernando Braga Cristo ◽  
Edelmir Silvio Stadler Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Steers

Functional additives, such as autolyzed yeasts, have been used to achieve greater production efficiency and animal health. These compounds are also alternatives to the use of performance-enhancing antimicrobials. The objective was to evaluate the productive performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of feed DM and the carcass characteristics of beef steers finished in feedlot receiving autolyzed yeasts in the diet. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of three treatments and six repetitions, where each repetition was represented by a stall with two animals. 36 bulls, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore blood, from the same herd, with an average age of 11 months and an average body weight of ± 330 kg were used.The treatments were as follows: CON - yeast-free diet; Y4 - yeast diet (4 g animal day-1) and Y7 - yeast diet (7 g animal day-1). The product used is a functional ingredient containing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inclusion of autolyzed yeasts resulted in greater daily body weight gain and better feed conversion in the initial feedlot phase. The apparent digestibility of DM of diets containing autolyzed yeast was superior to the control diet, and its use did not interfere with the animal ingestive behavior. Supplementation with autolyzed yeasts at the inclusion level of 4 g day-1 promoted better results in the finishing of feedlot steers, and that the supplemented groups (4 g animal day-1 and 7 g animal day-1) achieved the same degree of carcass finishing, higher than the control group.

scholarly journals Effect of using Spirulina platensis in place of vitamin mineral premix in feed on the performance of broiler

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
KMS Islam ◽  
MR Debi ◽  
R Haque ◽  
SN Moury
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

Feed of commercial broiler fortified by the external sources of vitamin and minerals which is expensive and increase the cost of feed. Blue green algae (Spirulinaplatensis) would be an alternative to those synthetic micronutrients after production in laboratory scale was studied in broiler.Spirulinaplatensiswas cultured in inorganic media contained macronutrients NaHCO3, K2HPO4, NaNO3, K2SO4, NaCl, MgSO4.7H2O, CaCl2, and FeSO4.2H2O and micronutrient solution containing H3BO4, MnCl2.4H2O, ZnSO4.7H2O, CuSO4.5H2O, MoO3, CoCl2.6H2O. Media was autoclaved and Spirulinawas cultured for 12 hours lighting with continuous aeration for 15 days to use in poultry feed. Day old broiler chick (180) was reared offering starter mash diet for 7 days. Birds were divided into 6 groups having 30 birds in each (10 per cage). Birds were offered 1. Control diet, 2. 75% premix+25% Spirulina, 3. 50% premix+50% Spirulina, 4. 25% premix+75% Spirulina, 5. 0% premix+100% Spirulina and 6. 0% premix+0% Spirulina (negative control). Spirulinawas calculated on DM basis added minerals in the media. After 21 days (28 day old) final body weight was 1039, 1070, 1044, 1065, 1117 and 893 g/bird in group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 where higher (P<0.5) weight observed in Spirulinagroup (5). Feed intake was observed more or less similar in all groups (1483±24g). Feed conversion ratio was 1.72, 1.65, 1.69, 1.62, 1.61 and 1.99 in group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively (P<0.5) where higher in negative control group (6) and control group (1), but was lowest in 75% Spirulinagroup (4) and highest (100%) Spirulina group (5). Ash% is also highest in 100% Spirulina group 5 (55.07) than any other group. Considering growth performance of broiler, complete replacement of vitamin-mineral premix could be possible by cultured Spirulinaalong with media in broiler diet. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2021. 50 (1):64-72

scholarly journals Extract of grape seed enhances the growth performance, humoral and mucosal immunity, and resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohre Mehrinakhi ◽  
Ehsan Ahmadifar ◽  
Najmeh Sheikhzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam ◽  
Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were distributed in four groups and fed diets with varying levels of GSE at 0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg for 56 days. The final length in fish fed with 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet significantly increased in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). The final weight and weight gain of fish fed with GSE were statistically higher than the control diet, while the feed conversion ratio was lower in GSE groups than the control. Hematological parameters did not statistically enhance with GSE supplemented diets (P>0.05). However, fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet displayed a higher WBC count significantly than the other group (P<0.05). The serum total protein and globulin in fish fed with 20 g GSE/kg diet significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.05). A similar pattern was noticed in results for serum and mucus lysozyme activity with a significant increase in fish fed with 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet compared to the control (P<0.05). Total antibody levels in serum and mucus samples were also increased in fish by dietary GSE with maximum levels by 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet. Besides, mucus protease activity was higher in fish received 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet with maximum level shown in fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet compared to the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, all groups showed higher mucus antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila with the highest activity in 30 g GSE/kg diet in comparison with the control group. The cumulative mortality was 36.67% when fish fed with 30 g GSE/kg diet and challenged with A. hydrophila. However, the mortality rate was 40% and 53.33% in fish fed 20 and 30 g GSE/kg diet, respectively. This study suggests that supplementation of GSE could significantly enhance the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila in common carp.

scholarly journals Effects of various antioxidants on oxidative stability of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gökhan Soydan ◽  
Fatime Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Secondary Oxidation ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Oil Storage

The aim of study was to investigate four commercial available antioxidants (groups A (300 mg propyl gallate (PG)+10 mg rosemary extract (RE)/1000 mg), B (240 mg butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA)+80 mg PG+80 mg citric acid (CA)/1000 mg), C (120 mg BHA+120 mg PG+50 mg CA)/1000 mg), D (150 mg butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)+100 mg BHA+10 mg PG)/1000 mg) used to evaluate oxidation during the storage in fish oil. Antioxidants were added to the fish oil to determine which ones were most effective in preventing oxidation, and fish oil was stored in the amber bottles at room temperature (20 °C) for 90 days. The control group samples were stored under the same conditions and antioxidant was not added. To determine the effect of antioxidants, the recommended by the manufacturer dose of commercial antioxidant (1000 mg kg-1 fish oil) was used in the experimental groups. The formation of the primary and secondary oxidation products in fish oil storage trial was examined by conducting the peroxide value (PV) and p-anisidine value (AV) analyses. The total oxidation value (TOTOX) was calculated based on the PV and AV measurements. Minor changes were observed in the PV of the fish oil during the first 30 days. In the study, antioxidant added samples (groups B, C, D > 5 meq kg-1) were oxidized on the 45th day; on the other hand both control and group A oxidized on the 75th day. A possible prooxidative effect was seen for some of the antioxidants. There was a very little change secondary oxidation of fish oil and no significant effects of all four antioxidant groups on the changes of AV (<20) during the storage period (P>0.05). In addition TOTOX was calculated under GOED (<26) limit during the storage for 90 days. At the end of the study, control samples were not significantly different from the other samples with antioxidant-added. Due to the results obtained at the end of the 90-day study, it was found that none of the antioxidants were used efficiently in this study.

scholarly journals Effects of Glutathione on Growth, Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity, Histology, Gene Expression, and Microbiota of Juvenile Triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang’an Wang ◽  
Baohui Su ◽  
Shaoxia Lu ◽  
Shicheng Han ◽  
Haibo Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of dietary glutathione (GSH) on growth, intestinal antioxidant capacity, histology, gene expression, and microbiota in juvenile triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Different diets (G0-control, G100, G200, G400, and G800) containing graded levels of GSH (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800mgkg−1) were fed to triplicate groups of 30 fish (initial mean weight 4.12±0.04g) for 56days. G400 had significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion rate. Based on the broken-line regression analysis, the optimum dietary GSH level was 447.06mgkg−1. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly higher in G200–G800. G200 had significantly lower malondialdehyde content. The height of the intestinal muscular layer in G400 was significantly higher than that of the control group. Intestinal PepT1 and SLC1A5 gene expression was significantly increased, and the highest was observed in G400. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-8 expression were significantly decreased than that of G0. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S rDNA showed a significant difference in alpha diversity whereas no differences in beta diversity. On the genus level, LefSe analysis of indicator OTUs showed Ilumatobacter, Peptoniphilus, Limnobacter, Mizugakiibacter, Chelatococcus, Stella, Filimonas, and Streptosporangium were associated with the treatment diet, whereas Arcobacter, Ferrovibrio, Buchnera, Chitinophaga, Stenotrophobacter, Solimonadaceae, Polycyclovorans, Rhodococcus, Ramlibacter, and Azohydromonas were associated with the control diet. In summary, feeding juvenile triploid O. mykiss 200–800mgkg−1 GSH improved growth and intestinal health.

scholarly journals Influence of diets supplemented with naturally protected or unprotected eucalyptus oil on methane production and lactating buffalo productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzy Mohamed Abo-Donia ◽  
Mohamed Youssif Elaref ◽  
Abd El-Moniem Ali Sayed Mahgoub ◽  
Tarek Abd El Wahab Ahmed Deraz ◽  
Usama Aboelez Nayel
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of naturally protected eucalyptus oil supplementation in a form of leaves (EUL) or mature seed capsules (EUS) compared to crude eucalyptus oil (EUO). The control group (G1) received the basal diet consisting of concentrate feed mixture, fresh berseem, rice straw, and corn silage. The G2, G3, and G4 animals were fed the basal diet with a supplement of 200 g/head/day of EUL or EUS or 4 mL EUO, respectively. Supplementation with EUL or EUS increased NH3-N, SCFA, and acetic acid concentrations in-vitro. The total count of bacterial, protozoa and cellulolytic bacteria increased (P < 0.05) with EUL and EUS supplementation. Methane production lowered (P < 0.05) with EUS, EUL, and EUO supplementation. Milk fat decreased (P < 0.05) with EUO supplementation, while an adverse trend was shown for lactose. No differences in feed conversion were found among EUS, EUL, and EUO. Total protein, albumin, and blood urea increased (P < 0.05) with supplementation of EUL or EUS compared to EUO. EUO supplementation yielded increased (P < 0.05) AST, ALT, glucose, and creatinine. Supplementation with EUL, EUS, or EUO decreased (P < 0.05) DM, OM, and CP digestibility. While digestibility of EE with supplementation by EUL, EUS, or EUO was higher (P < 0.05). Digestibility of NDF and ADF decreased (P < 0.05) with supplemental EUL, EUS, or EUO compared to the control diet. Feeding EUS increased the values of TDN and DCP compared to EUL, which was higher than EUO. Our results confirm that the naturally protected form of leaves or seeds mitigates the negative effects of directly supplementing crude eucalyptus oil.

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