The Impact of Dietary Curcumin on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Antibacterial Capacity, and Haemato-Biochemical Parameters of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

The need to replace antibiotics in aquafeed is increasing, and alternative safe substances are now encouraged for sustainable aquaculture activity. Curcumin is regarded as a multifunctional feed additive with growth-promoting and immunostimulant potential. Thus, this study evaluated dietary inclusion of curcumin at rates of 0, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% in the diets of Gilthead seabream for 150 days. The results showed an improved final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio in fish treated with curcumin, in a dose-dependent manner. The highest growth performance was observed in fish fed a diet supplemented with 3% curcumin. The results also showed lowered activity of pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio spp. and Faecal coliform) in the intestines of Gilthead seabream fed a diet with curcumin inclusion, in a dose-dependent manner. The hematological indices were within the normal range for healthy fish, without meaningful effects except for hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs), which were markedly increased by dietary curcumin. Phagocytic activity was obviously enhanced by dietary curcumin, compared with the control. The biochemical blood metabolites related to liver function (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)), renal tissue (urea), and total cholesterol were within the normal values, without significant differences. Overall, the inclusion of curcumin at a rate of 2–3% improved the growth performance and well-being of Gilthead seabream.

Download Full-text

Disassociation of Vitamin D’s Calcemic Activity and Non-calcemic Genomic Activity and Individual Responsiveness: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53864-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Arash Shirvani ◽

Tyler Arek Kalajian ◽

Anjeli Song ◽

Michael F. Holick

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽

The Impact ◽

Dose Dependent

AbstractThe aims of this randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial were to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on calcium metabolism and non-calcemic broad gene expression by relating them to the individual’s responsiveness to varying doses of vitamin D3. Thirty healthy adults were randomized to receive 600, 4,000 or 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for 6 months. Circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH)D, calcium and peripheral white blood cells broad gene expression were evaluated. We observed a dose-dependent increase in 25(OH)D concentrations, decreased PTH and no change in serum calcium. A plateau in PTH levels was achieved at 16 weeks in the 4000 and 10,000 IU/d groups. There was a dose-dependent 25(OH)D alteration in broad gene expression with 162, 320 and 1289 genes up- or down-regulated in their white blood cells, respectively. Our results clearly indicated that there is an individual’s responsiveness on broad gene expression to varying doses of vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 supplementation at 10,000 IU/d produced genomic alterations several fold higher than 4,000 IU/d even without further changes in PTH levels. Our findings may help explain why there are some inconsistency in the results of different vitamin D’s clinical trials.

Download Full-text

Impact ofEimeria tenellaCoinfection onCampylobacter jejuniColonization of the Chicken

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00772-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sarah E. Macdonald ◽

Pauline M. van Diemen ◽

Henny Martineau ◽

Mark P. Stevens ◽

Fiona M. Tomley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Secondary Effects ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Content Type ◽

Serovar Typhimurium ◽

The Impact ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Detrimental Impact

ABSTRACTEimeria tenellacan cause the disease coccidiosis in chickens. The direct and often detrimental impact of this parasite on chicken health, welfare, and productivity is well recognized; however, less is known about the secondary effects that infection may have on other gut pathogens.Campylobacter jejuniis the leading cause of human bacterial foodborne disease in many countries and has been demonstrated to exert negative effects on poultry welfare and production in some broiler lines. Previous studies have shown that concurrentEimeriainfection can influence the colonization and replication of bacteria, such asClostridium perfringensandSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. Through a series ofin vivocoinfection experiments, this study evaluated the impact thatE. tenellainfection had onC. jejunicolonization of chickens, including the influence of variations in parasite dose and sampling time after bacterial challenge. Coinfection withE. tenellaresulted in a significant increase inC. jejunicolonization in the cecum in a parasite dose-dependent manner but a significant decrease inC. jejunicolonization in the spleen and liver of chickens. The results were reproducible at 3 and 10 days after bacterial infection. This work highlights thatE. tenellanot only has a direct impact on the health and well-being of chickens but can have secondary effects on important zoonotic pathogens.

Download Full-text

285 Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae oil improves growth performance of nursery pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 118-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eric van Heugten ◽

Gabriela Martinez ◽

Alejandra McComb ◽

Elizabeth Koutsos

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Phase 1 ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

High Energy ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

The Impact

Abstract Insect-derived protein and lipid sources are sustainable, alternative ingredients for the feed industry. The present study was conducted to determine the impact of increasing levels of supplemental black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) oil on growth performance and serological and hematological indices in nursery pigs. Newly weaned, 21-day old pigs (n = 192; BW=6.9±0.15 kg) were randomly assigned within sex and BW blocks to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, using 48 pens (4 pigs/pen; 12 replicates/treatment). Treatments consisted of 0, 2, 4, and 6% supplemental BSFL oil (mainly contained C12:0, C18:2, C16:0, C18:1, and C14:0 at 36.9, 17.3, 14.6, 13.1, and 9.8 g/100 g of lipid, respectively), replacing equal amounts of corn oil. Dietary treatments were fed in 3 dietary phases (14, 11, and 15 d for Phase 1 to 3, respectively). Supplementation of BSFL oil linearly increased BW (P ≤ 0.052) on d 14, 21, 25, 33, and 40 (final BW of 27.83, 27.62, 28.84, and 28.44 kg, respectively) and ADG during Phase 1 (P = 0.017), 2 (P = 0.055), and overall (P = 0.048; 523, 518, 548, and 539 g/d). Gain:feed was improved linearly during Phase 1 (P = 0.001) and 2 (P = 0.049), but ADFI was not affected (P > 0.36). Supplemental BSFL oil did not affect (P > 0.18) serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, urea N, creatinine, glucose, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cl, triglycerides, amylase, lipase, or creatine phosphokinase, but linearly increased (P < 0.001) serum cholesterol. White blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were not affected (P > 0.17) by BSFL oil, but platelet count tended to linearly increase (P = 0.082). All serological and hematological analytical results were within normal expected ranges. In conclusion, BSFL oil is a promising, high energy feed ingredient that can be successfully fed to nursery pigs, while improving their growth performance.

Download Full-text

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ROTENONE AGAINST LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AND D-GALACTOSAMINE-INDUCED HEMATOTOXICITY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i18.34324 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 164-167

Author(s):

SAMRAT RAKSHIT ◽

ANJANI VERMA ◽

SATENDRA KUMAR NIRALA ◽

MONIKA BHADAURIA

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Blood Parameter ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Dose Dependent

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective efficacy of rotenone against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced altered hematology. Methods: Hematotoxicity was induced by coinjection of LPS (50 μg/kg i.p.) and D-GalN (300 mg/kg i.p.). Rotenone (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) was administered for 6 days as a pre-treatment. Blood was collected through puncturing the retro-orbital sinus to analyze blood parameter. Serum was separated to analyze glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol. Results: The present study revealed decreased in red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit value while a significant increase in white blood cells, lymphocyte, and monocytes were observed in LPS and D-GalN treated rats. LPS and D-GalN administration significantly decrease glucose level while serum lipid profile (triglycerides and cholesterol level) were increased significantly at 5% level of significance. LPS and D-GalN-induced altered hematological and serological variables were restored toward control by rotenone pretreatment for 6 days in dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: It can be said that LPS and D-GalN administration resulted in alteration of various hematological parameters and rotenone at 20 mg/kg dose restored significant alteration toward control due to the presence of antioxidant activity of rotenone.

Download Full-text

Inhibition of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Impairs Mayaro Virus Replication in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and HeLa Cells

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13061156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1156

Author(s):

Madelaine Sugasti-Salazar ◽

Yessica Y. Llamas-González ◽

Dalkiria Campos ◽

José González-Santamaría

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Hela Cells ◽

Plaque Assay ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Human Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Mayaro Virus ◽

The Impact ◽

Dose Dependent

Mayaro virus (MAYV) hijacks the host’s cell machinery to effectively replicate. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 have emerged as crucial cellular factors implicated in different stages of the viral cycle. However, whether MAYV uses these MAPKs to competently replicate has not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MAPK inhibition on MAYV replication using primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and HeLa cells. Viral yields in supernatants from MAYV-infected cells treated or untreated with inhibitors SB203580, SP600125, U0126, or Losmapimod were quantified using plaque assay. Additionally, viral protein expression was analyzed using immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Knockdown of p38⍺/p38β isoforms was performed in HDFs using the PROTACs molecule NR-7h. Our data demonstrated that HDFs are highly susceptible to MAYV infection. SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, reduced MAYV replication in a dose-dependent manner in both HDFs and HeLa cells. Additionally, SB203580 significantly decreased viral E1 protein expression. Similarly, knockdown or inhibition of p38⍺/p38β isoforms with NR-7h or Losmapimod, respectively, affected MAYV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings suggest that p38 could play an important role in MAYV replication and could serve as a therapeutic target to control MAYV infection.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Different Methods for Extracting the Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis: Chemical Composition and Biological Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3569

Author(s):

Yicheng Tan ◽

Zhang Ye ◽

Mansheng Wang ◽

Muhammad Faisal Manzoor ◽

Rana Muhammad Aadil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Activity Analysis ◽

Cell Disruption ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Dpph Activity ◽

The Impact ◽

Dose Dependent

In this study, the impact of different cell disruption techniques (high-pressure micro fluidization (HPMF), ionic liquids (ILs), multi-enzyme (ME), and hydrochloric acid (HCl)) on the chemical composition and biological activity of astaxanthin (AST) obtained from Haematococcus pluvialis was investigated. Results indicated that all cell disruption techniques had a significant effect on AST composition, which were confirmed by TLC and UPC2 analysis. AST recovery from HCl (HCl-AST) and ILs (ILs-AST) cell disruption techniques was dominant by free and monoesters AST, while AST recovery from HPMF (HPMF-AST) and ME (ME-AST) cell disruption techniques was composed of monoesters, diesters, and free AST. Further biological activity analysis displayed that HCl-AST showed the highest ABTS and DPPH activity, while ILs-AST showed better results against the ORAC assay. Additionally, ILs-AST exhibits a stronger anti-proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was ascribed to AST-induced ROS in to inhibit the proliferative of cancer cells.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Potentials, Phytochemical Profiles and Ameliorating Effects of Senna siamea Extract on Arsenic-Induced Hepato-Renal Damage

Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry ◽

10.9734/ajrb/2021/v9i130194 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-52

Author(s):

Abiodun Olusoji Owoade ◽

Abdullahi Alausa ◽

Adewale Adetutu ◽

Akinade William Owoade ◽

Olufemi Alamu Alamu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Senna Siamea ◽

Phytochemical Constituents

This study evaluated the in- vitro antioxidant, phytochemical constituents and hepato-renal protective efficacy of Senna siamea methanolic extract in arsenic-induced oxidative stress. The results of this study show that S. siamea has strong antioxidant potentials against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’azinobis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acids) (ABTS) radicals. The extract scavenges nitric oxide radicals and has strong ferric reducing power. It also inhibited the induction of lipid peroxidation and α-amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Administration of arsenic to rats induced a significant increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and triglycerides in the plasma, while it decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase activities in the liver and kidney. It also significantly reduced the levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelet and lymphocytes in the blood. However, rats pretreated with S. siamea extract before arsenic administration significantly reversed all these arsenic-induced changes. Histological observations showed varying degrees of liver damage in the arsenic group that was untreated, while the pre-treatment with S. siamea extract significantly improved the general histoarchitecture of the liver. The phytochemical constituents of the extract were determined, the gas-chromatography analysis revealed the possible presence of oxalic acid, barakol, kaempferol, betulin while total phenolics content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre are in considerable amount in the plant This study demonstrated that S. siamea extract has antioxidant potentials and ameliorates arsenic-induced hepato-renal toxicity, the effectiveness of S. siamea as a medicinal plant could be due to the presence of various phenolics and antioxidant compounds in the plant.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the hemogram of Oryctolagus cuniculus envenomus

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.2.0384 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 266-272

Author(s):

Obou Constantin Okou ◽

N’guessan Emmanuel Assemian ◽

Kouadio Bernard Allali ◽

Guy Childeric Bingo ◽

Allico Joseph Djaman

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Experimental Batch ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Rabbit Blood ◽

Hemolysis Test ◽

Dose Dependent

The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the hemolysing action of Naja nigricollis venom on rabbit blood. To carry out this study, three batches of three rabbits were formed with two control batches and one experimental batch. Each control lot is composed of three rabbits (males or females) while the experimental lot is composed of two males and one female. Each rabbit from the control lots was separately collected in the purple tube (EDTA) and transported to the laboratory for analysis. The rabbits from the experimental batch were also collected distinctly a few minutes after the injection of the venom of Naja nigricollis for the analysis of haematological parameters. However, before the analysis of the hematological parameters of the rabbits from the control and experimental batches, an in vitro hemolysis test of Naja nigricollis venom was performed to verify its hemolysing power. The results showed that Naja nigricollis venom has a dose-dependent in vitro hemolysing power. As for the haemogram, it revealed that the venom of Naja nigricollis has a decreasing effect on blood cells (red and white blood cells), on haemoglobin and on haematocrit, and an elevation on MGVs thus promoting anaemia.

Download Full-text

Effects of Inclusion of Different Doses of Persicaria odorata Leaf Meal (POLM) in Broiler Chicken Feed on Biochemical and Haematological Blood Indicators and Liver Histomorphological Changes

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10071209 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1209 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Abdul Basit ◽

Arifah Abdul Kadir ◽

Teck Loh ◽

Saleha Abdul Aziz ◽

Annas Salleh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Linear Increase ◽

The Body ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Serum Activity ◽

Haematological Indices

This research was conducted to estimate the effects of Persicaria odorata leaf meal (POLM) on haematological indices, serum biochemical attributes, and internal organs parameters, including histomorphological features of the liver, in broiler chickens. A total of 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly allocated into four experimental groups. The dietary treatments were basal diet (BD), which served as the control (C), along with BD + 2 g/kg POLM (Po2), BD + 4 g/kg POLM (Po4), BD + 8 g/kg POLM (Po8), which were the supplemented groups. The body weight gain (BWG) showed a linear increase and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a linear decrease with increasing POLM dosage at day 42 (p ˂ 0.05) and for the overall growth performance period (p ˂ 0.01). On day 21 and day 42, the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) showed linear increases (p ˂0.05) as the dosage of POLM increased in the diet. On day 21, dietary supplementation of POLM linearly decreased (p ˂ 0.05) the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and serum levels of urea and creatinine. On the other hand, serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin showed a linear increase (p ˂ 0.05) as the POLM dosage increased. On day 42, the serum activity of AST and ALT and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine showed linear decreases (p ˂ 0.05) with increased levels of POLM in the diet. However, POLM supplementation linearly increased (p ˂ 0.05) the serum levels of TP and globulin. Dietary inclusion of POLM did not influence the organ parameters and showed no adverse effects on the liver histomorphology. In conclusion, supplementation of POLM increased the growth performance, improving haematological indices and serum biochemistry profiles of broiler chickens without any deleterious effects on the liver histomorphology. The results of the present study provide evidence that POLM can be safely used at a dose rate of 8 g/kg of feed as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs).

Download Full-text

Effect of the Leavening Agent on the Compositional and Sensorial Characteristics of Bread Fortified with Flaxseed Cake

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10155235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 5235 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isabella Taglieri ◽

Chiara Sanmartin ◽

Francesca Venturi ◽

Monica Macaluso ◽

Angela Zinnai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Well Being ◽

Baker’S Yeast ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Baker's Yeast ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Sensory Profiles ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Health And Well Being ◽

By Products

Health and well-being improvement is currently driving innovation in bread, using a wide variety of value-added compounds as extra ingredients, including food industry by-products in a circular economy concept. In this context, this research aimed at evaluating the effect of the fortification of bread with different percentages of flaxseed cake, comparing two leavening agents: sourdough and baker’s yeast. Sensorial, physicochemical, and nutritional properties, including pH, the main fermentative metabolites, fatty acids, total phenols, antioxidant capacity, and volatile organic compounds were determined for fortified bread. The results showed a significant improvement of nutraceutical profile of the bread fortified with flaxseed cake in a dose-dependent manner. Regardless of the leavening agent, the fortification determined a decrease of n-6:n-3 ratio, reaching the recommended value (<3) already at the 7.5% level. Furthermore, under the same fortification level, sourdough breads showed a higher level of total phenols and antiradical activity than baker’s yeast breads. Sensory profiles were instead deeply influenced by both the fortification percentage and the leavening agents. In conclusion, considering both nutritional and sensory results, the best formulation as a function of leavening agent utilized was defined as 5% and 7.5% when sourdough and baker’s yeast were used, respectively.

Download Full-text