scholarly journals Honey as an Ecological Reservoir of Antibacterial Compounds Produced by Antagonistic Microbial Interactions in Plant Nectars, Honey and Honey Bee

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Katrina Brudzynski
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Fundamental Feature ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Cellular Components

The fundamental feature of “active honeys” is the presence and concentration of antibacterial compounds. Currently identified compounds and factors have been described in several review papers without broader interpretation or links to the processes for their formation. In this review, we indicate that the dynamic, antagonistic/competitive microbe–microbe and microbe–host interactions are the main source of antibacterial compounds in honey. The microbial colonization of nectar, bees and honey is at the center of these interactions that in consequence produce a range of defence molecules in each of these niches. The products of the microbial interference and exploitive competitions include antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics, surfactants, inhibitors of biofilm formation and quorum sensing. Their accumulation in honey by horizontal transfer might explain honey broad-spectrum, pleiotropic, antibacterial activity. We conclude that honey is an ecological reservoir of antibacterial compounds produced by antagonistic microbial interactions in plant nectars, honey and honey bee. Thus, refocusing research on secondary metabolites resulting from these microbial interactions might lead to discovery of new antibacterial compounds in honey that are target-specific, i.e., acting on specific cellular components or inhibiting the essential cellular function.

scholarly journals HPTLC-direct bioautography-guided isolation of isogeranic acid as the main antibacterial constituent of Artemisia santonicum essential oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Stankovic ◽  
Miroslav Novakovic ◽  
Vele Tesevic ◽  
Ana Ciric ◽  
Marina Sokovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Direct Bioautography

This study was performed to determine the main antibacterial compounds of the essential oil (??) of saltmarsh plant Artemisia santonicum (Asteraceae). The combination of HPTLC and direct bioautography was used for the activity guided isolation of isogeranic acid as the main antibacterial constituent with remarkable antimicrobial activity, although it was the minor component of the EO, present only in 0.2 %, as calculated from GC/FID. Its structure was determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR and GC?MS techniques. Antibacterial activity of isogeranic acid against all tested bacteria was significantly higher than EO and even than both controls streptomycin and ampicillin. In further investigation of antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activity EO exhibited the best inhibition of the biofilm formation at 1/8 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and isogeranic acid at 1/2 MIC. Both EO and isogeranic acid possessed pyocyanin inhibitory activity showing the reduction of pigment at 60.6 and 62.8 %, respectively, at 1/2 MIC concentrations.

scholarly journals Influence of Niche-Specific Nutrients on Secondary Metabolism in Vibrionaceae

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (13) ◽  
pp. 4035-4044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Giubergia ◽  
Christopher Phippen ◽  
Charlotte H. Gotfredsen ◽  
Kristian Fog Nielsen ◽  
Lone Gram
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTMany factors, such as the substrate and the growth phase, influence biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in microorganisms. Therefore, it is crucial to consider these factors when establishing a bioprospecting strategy. Mimicking the conditions of the natural environment has been suggested as a means of inducing or influencing microbial secondary metabolite production. The purpose of the present study was to determine how the bioactivity ofVibrionaceaewas influenced by carbon sources typical of their natural environment. We determined how mannose and chitin, compared to glucose, influenced the antibacterial activity of a collection ofVibrionaceaestrains isolated because of their ability to produce antibacterial compounds but that in subsequent screenings seemed to have lost this ability. The numbers of bioactive isolates were 2- and 3.5-fold higher when strains were grown on mannose and chitin, respectively, than on glucose. As secondary metabolites are typically produced during late growth, potential producers were also allowed 1 to 2 days of growth before exposure to the pathogen. This strategy led to a 3-fold increase in the number of bioactive strains on glucose and an 8-fold increase on both chitin and mannose. We selected two bioactive strains belonging to species for which antibacterial activity had not previously been identified. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry and bioassay-guided fractionation, we found that the siderophore fluvibactin was responsible for the antibacterial activity ofVibrio furnissiiandVibrio fluvialis. These results suggest a role of chitin in the regulation of secondary metabolism in vibrios and demonstrate that considering bacterial ecophysiology during development of screening strategies will facilitate bioprospecting.IMPORTANCEA challenge in microbial natural product discovery is the elicitation of the biosynthetic gene clusters that are silent when microorganisms are grown under standard laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that, since the clusters are not lost during proliferation in the natural niche of the microorganisms, they must, under such conditions, be functional. Here, we demonstrate that an ecology-based approach in which the producer organism is allowed a temporal advantage and where growth conditions are mimicking the natural niche remarkably increases the number ofVibrionaceaestrains producing antibacterial compounds.

scholarly journals KAPANG ENDOFIT LAUT DARI TUMBUHAN PESISIR TERONG PUNGO (Solanum sp.) DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Ukhty
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Coastal Plant ◽  
The One

Endophytic fungi is the one of the types microbes that lives in the plant tissue. The fungus can produce secondary metabolites potential as a source of antimicrobial and anticancer. The objectives of this study was to the exploration of new antibacterial compounds derived from marine endophytic fungi isolated from coastal plant terong pungo (Solanum sp.). Eight isolates of marine endophytic fungi with different morphology were collected. Endophytic fungus TPL2 was the selected isolate based on antagonism test. The growth curve showed the stationary phase of isolate TPL was on the 9th day to 12th day. Crude extract of endophytic fungi TPL2 showed the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with diameter of inhibition zone 4 mm, 6 mm, and 6 mm, respectively for 2 mg extract/well.

scholarly journals Analisis Senyawa Alkaloid dan Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Buah Sirih (Piper betle L) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina F. Tjandra ◽  
. Fatimawali ◽  
Olvie S. Datu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Abstract: Betel fruit contains saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids which are antibacterial compounds. Alkaloids are one of the secondary metabolites that are found in nature and have physiological activity. This study aims to determine the presence of alkaloid content in betel fruit and to determine the inhibitory activity of betel fruit extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This study is using the disc method in the antibacterial test, TLC method, color reaction and UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine the presence of alkaloids in betel fruit. The results showed that betel extract contained alkaloids, as evidenced by the presence of orange stains on TLC with chloroform: methanol (1: 4) eluent sprayed with Dragendrof reagents. UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis results, the alkaloids are at a maximum wavelength of 282 nm.The results of the antibacterial activity test of betel extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis shows that the concentration of 10% and 20% had a strong antibacterial activity with an average inhibition zone of 12.8 ± 1.40 mm and 15.03 ± 0.723 mm and a concentration of 40% had Antibacterial activity is very strong with an average inhibition zone of 21.53 ± 1.530 mm. In conclusion, betel fruit extract contains alkaloid compounds and has antibacterial activity with strong to very strong categories.Keywords: Betel Fruit (Piper betle L), Alkaloids, Antibacterial, Staphylococcus epidermidis.  Abstrak: Buah sirih memiliki kandungan saponin, tanin, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan steroid yang merupakan senyawa antibakteri. Alkaloid merupakan salah satu metabolit sekunder yang banyak ditemukan di alam dan mempunyai aktivitas fisiologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya kandungan alkaloid pada buah sirih dan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas daya hambat dari ekstrak buah sirih terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cakram pada uji antibakteri, metode KLT, reaksi warna dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis untuk mengetahui adanya alkaloid pada buah sirih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah sirih memiliki kandungan alkaloid, terbukti dengan adanya noda berwarna jingga pada KLT dengan eluen kloroform:methanol (1:4) yang  disemprotkan pereaksi Dragendrof. Hasil analisis Spektrofotometer UV-Vis, alkaloid tersebut berada pada panjang gelombang maksimum 282 nm. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak buah sirih terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis diperoleh bahwa konsentrasi 10% dan 20% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri kuat dengan zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 12,8±1,40 mm dan 15,03±0,723 mm serta konsentrasi 40% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri sangat kuat dengan zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 21,53±1,530 mm. Sebagai kesimpulan ekstrak buah sirih mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan memiliki aktifitas antibakteri dengan kategori kuat sampai sangat kuat.Kata kunci : Buah Sirih (Piper betle L), Alkaloid, Antibakteri, Staphylococcus epidermidis

scholarly journals Antibacterial Compounds from Red Seaweeds (Rhodophyta)

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noer Kasanah ◽  
Triyanto Triyanto ◽  
Drajad Sarwo Seto ◽  
Windi Amelia ◽  
Alim Isnansetyo
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Natural Medicines ◽  
Brominated Compounds

Seaweeds produce great variety of metabolites benefit for human. Red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) are well known as producer of phycocolloids such agar, agarose, carragenan and great variety of secondary metabolites. This review discusses the red algal secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity. The chemical constituents of red algae are steroid, terpenoid, acetogenin and dominated by halogenated compounds mainly brominated compounds. Novel compounds with intriguing skeleton are also reported such as bromophycolides and neurymenolides. In summary, red seaweeds are potential sources for antibacterial agents and can serve as lead in synthesis of new natural medicines.

scholarly journals Beehive Products as Antibacterial Agents: A Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Rita Abou Nader ◽  
Rawan Mackieh ◽  
Rim Wehbe ◽  
Dany El El Obeid ◽  
Jean Marc Sabatier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening

Honeybees are one of the most marvelous and economically beneficial insects. As pollinators, they play a vital role in every aspect of the ecosystem. Beehive products have been used for thousands of years in many cultures for the treatment of various diseases. Their healing properties have been documented in many religious texts like the Noble Quran and the Holy Bible. Honey, bee venom, propolis, pollen and royal jelly all demonstrated a richness in their bioactive compounds which make them effective against a variety of bacterial strains. Furthermore, many studies showed that honey and bee venom work as powerful antibacterial agents against a wide range of bacteria including life-threatening bacteria. Several reports documented the biological activities of honeybee products but none of them emphasized on the antibacterial activity of all beehive products. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the antibacterial activity of honey, bee venom, propolis, pollen and royal jelly, that are produced by honeybees.

scholarly journals Effect of tannic and gallic acids alone or in combination with carbenicillin or tetracycline on Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 growth, motility, and biofilm formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra H. Dusane ◽  
Che O’May ◽  
Nathalie Tufenkji
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations

Chromobacterium violaceum is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections that are difficult to treat. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of selected tannins (tannic acid (TA) and gallic acid (GA)) on bacterial growth, motility, antibiotic (carbenicillin, tetracycline) susceptibility, and biofilm formation. Both tannins, particularly TA, impaired bacterial growth levels and swimming motilities at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). In combination with tannins, antibiotics showed increased MICs, suggesting that tannins interfered with antibacterial activity. Sub-MICs of tetracycline or TA alone enhanced biofilm formation of C. violaceum; however, in combination, these compounds inhibited biofilm formation. In contrast, carbenicillin at sub-MICs was effective in inhibiting C. violaceum biofilm formation; however, in combination with lower concentrations of TA or GA, biofilms were enhanced. These results provide insights into the effects of tannins on C. violaceum growth and their varying interaction with antibiotics used to target C. violaceum infections.

scholarly journals α-Glucosidase Inhibition and Antibacterial Activity of Secondary Metabolites from the Ecuadorian Species Clinopodium taxifolium (Kunth) Govaerts

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Morocho ◽  
Andrea Valle ◽  
Jessica García ◽  
Gianluca Gilardoni ◽  
Luis Cartuche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites

scholarly journals Antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helal F. Hetta ◽  
Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy ◽  
Saba Saadoon Khazaal ◽  
Suhad Abbas ◽  
Ahmed Suhail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe aimed to isolate Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) from wound infections, determine their resistance and virulence profile, and assess the impact of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the bacterial growth, virulence and biofilm-related gene expression. AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using TEM, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. A. baumannii (n = 200) were isolated and identified. Resistance pattern was determined and virulence genes (afa/draBC, cnf1, cnf2, csgA, cvaC, fimH, fyuA, ibeA, iutA, kpsMT II, PAI, papC, PapG II, III, sfa/focDE and traT) were screened using PCR. Biofilm formation was evaluated using Microtiter plate method. Then, the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated by the well-diffusion method, growth kinetics and MIC determination. Inhibition of biofilm formation and the ability to disperse biofilms in exposure to AgNPs were evaluated. The effect of AgNPs on the expression of virulence and biofilm-related genes (bap, OmpA, abaI, csuA/B, A1S_2091, A1S_1510, A1S_0690, A1S_0114) were estimated using QRT-PCR. In vitro infection model for analyzing the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was done using a co-culture infection model of A. baumannii with human fibroblast skin cell line HFF-1 or Vero cell lines. A. baumannii had high level of resistance to antibiotics. Most of the isolates harbored the fimH, afa/draBC, cnf1, csgA and cnf2, and the majority of A. baumannii produced strong biofilms. AgNPs inhibited the growth of A. baumannii efficiently with MIC ranging from 4 to 25 µg/ml. A. baumannii showed a reduced growth rate in the presence of AgNPs. The inhibitory activity and the anti-biofilm activity of AgNPs were more pronounced against the weak biofilm producers. Moreover, AgNPs decreased the expression of kpsMII , afa/draBC,bap, OmpA, and csuA/B genes. The in vitro infection model revealed a significant antibacterial activity of AgNPs against extracellular and intracellular A. baumannii. AgNPs highly interrupted bacterial multiplication and biofilm formation. AgNPs downregulated the transcription level of important virulence and biofilm-related genes. Our findings provide an additional step towards understanding the mechanisms by which sliver nanoparticles interfere with the microbial spread and persistence.

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