scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from the Algerian Endemic Origanum glandulosum Desf. against Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic E. coli Isolates

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larbi Zakaria Nabti ◽  
Farida Sahli ◽  
Hocine Laouar ◽  
Ahmed Olowo-okere ◽  
Joice Guileine Nkuimi Wandjou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections

Antibiotics are becoming ineffective against resistant bacteria. The use of essential oils (EOs) may constitute an alternative solution to fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aims to determine the chemical composition of EOs from five populations of the endemic Algerian Origanum glandulosum Desf. and to investigate their potential antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant uropathogenic E. coli strains. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and their composition was investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method against eight E. coli strains (six uropathogenic resistant and two referenced susceptible strains). Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) were obtained by the broth microdilution method. The main EO components were thymol (15.2–56.4%), carvacrol (2.8–59.6%), γ-terpinene (9.9–21.8%) and p-cymene (8.5–13.9%). The antibacterial tests showed that all the EOs were active against all the strains, including the multidrug-resistant strains. The EO from the Bordj location, which contained the highest amount of carvacrol (59.6%), showed the highest antibacterial activity (inhibition diameters from 12 to 24.5 mm at a dilution of 1/10). To our knowledge, this is the first description of the activity of O. glandulosum EOs against resistant uropathogenic strains. Our study suggests that O. glandulosum EO could be used in some clinical situations to treat or prevent infections (e.g., urinary tract infections) with multidrug-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Molecular Composition and Antibacterial Effect of Five Essential Oils Extracted from Nigella sativa L. Seeds against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammed Dalli ◽  
Salah-eddine Azizi ◽  
Hind Benouda ◽  
Ali Azghar ◽  
Maroua Tahri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Microdilution Method

Nigella sativa L. (NS) and its volatile compounds are well known for their broad spectrum of effects. This study aimed to investigate the variability of the chemical composition and the in vitro antibacterial activity of five essential oils (Eos) originated from Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, India, and France. These five samples were grown under different edaphic and climatic conditions. The agar diffusion method and microdilution method in 96-well plates were used to test the sensitivity of multidrug-resistant strains clinically isolated from patients (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii), for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration. Among all the investigated Eos, the monoterpenes were highly present in the chemical composition. Moroccan, Saudi Arabian, and Syrian seeds were characterized by the presence α-phellandrene (20.03–30.54%), β-cymene (12.31–23.82 %), and 4−caranol (9.77–14.27%). The Indian seeds were rich with 4-caranol (18.81%), β-cymene (14.22%), α-phellandrene (10.58%), and β-chamigrene (9.54%), while France NS was rich with estragole (20.22%) and D-limonene (14.63%). The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentration (MBC) obtained for the four Eos (with the exception of France because of the low yield) tested were ranging from 3 to 40 μl/ml. Gram-positive (+) bacteria were slightly sensitive to the Eos tested than the Gram-negative (−) bacteria. The results of this study showed that the Eos of NS seeds show interesting antibacterial activity which could be associated to the existence of different bioactive compounds. Indeed, these compounds can be used for preventive or curative purposes in the face of the noncontrolled emergence of resistance to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Essential Oils of Aerial Parts of Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.,Salvia leucantha Cav. and Thymus linearis Benth. From Uttarakhand Himalaya: Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Joshi ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Bhuwan Chandra ◽  
N. D. Kandpal
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Uttarakhand Himalaya

The components present in the essential oils extracted from Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth., Salvia leucantha Cav. and Thymus linearis Benth. were identified by GC and GC/MS analysis. The main compounds present in the oils were aromadendrene (20.0%) in S. leucantha, Phellandrene (12.5%), α-thujene (12.0%) in A. margaritacea and thymol (50.0%) in T. linearis. The antibacterial activity of all the three oils against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. typhi, has been studied. In the antibacterial activity S. typhi is the most resistant bacteria to all the tested oils whereas essential oil of T. linearis showed highest antibactericidal activity against S. aureus in diffusion method.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (Myrtaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Alioune Diallo ◽  
Yoro Tine ◽  
Abdoulaye Diop ◽  
Idrissa Ndoye ◽  
Falaye Traoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Excellent Activity ◽  
First Time

For the first time, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of Melaleuca quinquenervia leaf essential oils from Senegal. Ten samples of leaves from M. quinquenervia were collected on two Senegal localities. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The oil yields ofdried leaves ranged 1.65 to 3.74%. Oilsamples were dominated by 1,8-cineole (24.6-49.3%), viridiflorol (14.9-35.7%), a-terpineol (6.3-12.7%), a-pinene (5.0-11.5%) and limonene (3.7-7.3%). The antibacterial activity was evaluated using a paper disc diffusion method. The essential oil exhibited excellent activity against S. aureus, moderate activity against E. coli and E. faecalis and no activity against P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activity of Human Amniotic Membrane against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections: New Insights from Normal and Cancerous Urothelial Models

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Taja Železnik Ramuta ◽  
Larisa Tratnjek ◽  
Aleksandar Janev ◽  
Katja Seme ◽  
Marjanca Starčič Erjavec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a serious global health issue, especially due to emerging multidrug-resistant UTI-causing bacteria. Recently, we showed that the human amniotic membrane (hAM) could be a candidate for treatments and prevention of UPEC and Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, its role against multidrug-resistant bacteria, namely methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has not yet been thoroughly explored. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the hAM homogenate had antibacterial activity against 7 out of 11 tested multidrug-resistant strains, the greatest effect was on MRSA. Using novel approaches, its activity against MRSA was further evaluated in a complex microenvironment of normal and cancerous urinary bladder urothelia. Even short-term incubation in hAM homogenate significantly decreased the number of bacteria in MRSA-infected urothelial models, while it did not affect the viability, number, and ultrastructure of urothelial cells. The hAM patches had no antibacterial activity against any of the tested strains, which further exposes the importance of the hAM preparation. Our study substantially contributes to basic knowledge on the antibacterial activity of hAM and reveals its potential to be used as an antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in District Hospital in Central Poland in 2020

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Barbara Kot ◽  
Agata Grużewska ◽  
Piotr Szweda ◽  
Jolanta Wicha ◽  
Urszula Parulska
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and the prevalence of uropathogenes causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients hospitalized in January–June 2020 in central Poland. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk-diffusion method. Escherichia coli (52.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.3%), E. faecium (6.2%), and Proteus mirabilis (4,3%) were most commonly isolated from urine samples. E. coli was significantly more frequent in women (58.6%) (p = 0.0089) and in the age group 0–18, while K. pneumoniae was more frequent in men (24.4%) (p = 0.0119) and in individuals aged 40–60 and >60. Gram-negative species showed resistance to ampicillin. K. pneumoniae were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (75.0%), piperacillin plus tazobactam (76.2%), cefotaxime (76.2%), cefuroxime (81.0%), ciprofloxacin (81.0%), and trimethoprim plus sulphamethoxazole (81.0%). Carbapenems were effective against all E. coli and P. mirabilis. Some K. pneumoniae (13.6%) produced metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). E. coli (22.6%), K. pneumoniae (81.8%), and all E. faecium were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Some E. coli (26.2%), K. pneumoniae (63.6%), and P. mirabilis (14.3%) isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium was also found. This study showed that the possibilities of UTIs therapy using available antibiotics become limited due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens.

scholarly journals Independent Behavior of Commensal Flora for Carriage of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Bacteria in Patients at Admission

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5193-5200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoire de Lastours ◽  
Françoise Chau ◽  
Florence Tubach ◽  
Blandine Pasquet ◽  
Etienne Ruppé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The important role of commensal flora as a natural reservoir of bacterial resistance is now well established. However, whether the behavior of each commensal flora is similar to that of other floras in terms of rates of carriage and risk factors for bacterial resistance is unknown. During a 6-month period, we prospectively investigated colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in the three main commensal floras from hospitalized patients at admission, targeting Escherichia coli in the fecal flora, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) in the nasal flora, and α-hemolytic streptococci in the pharyngeal flora. Resistant strains were detected on quinolone-containing selective agar. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected. A total of 555 patients were included. Carriage rates of resistance were 8.0% in E. coli, 30.3% in CNS for ciprofloxacin, and 27.2% in streptococci for levofloxacin; 56% of the patients carried resistance in at least one flora but only 0.9% simultaneously in all floras, which is no more than random. Risk factors associated with the carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains differed between fecal E. coli (i.e., colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria) and nasal CNS (i.e., age, coming from a health care facility, and previous antibiotic treatment with a fluoroquinolone) while no risk factors were identified for pharyngeal streptococci. Despite high rates of colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria, each commensal flora behaved independently since simultaneous carriage of resistance in the three distinct floras was uncommon, and risk factors differed. Consequences of environmental selective pressures vary in each commensal flora according to its local specificities (clinical trial NCT00520715 [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00520715 ]).

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS L. GROWING IN MOROCCO AND ITS IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CLINICAL BACTERIA RESPONSIBLE FOR NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima El Kamari ◽  
Amal Taroq ◽  
Yassine El Atki ◽  
Imane Aouam ◽  
Badiaa Lyoussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Agnus Castus

Objective: The aim of the current study is to determine the chemical composition and evaluate antibacterial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) essential oils against some bacteria causing nosocomial infections in the neonatal and intensive care rooms at the university hospital center of Fez Morocco. Methods: The phytochemical screening of essential oils was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analysis. The antibacterial test was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis) using disc diffusion method. Results: Twenty-nine components were identified in the fruits’ oil representing 93.1% of total oil. The major components in the fruits oil are 1,8-cineole (11.6%), α-thujene (9.3%), phyllocladene (8.2%), α-pinene (7.9%), caryophyllene (5.9%), and cubenol (5%). Furthermore, 28 components were identified in the leaf essential oil. The main component was caryophyllene (9.5%), followed by 1,8-cineole (8.7%), manoyl oxide (7.3%), eugenyl acetate (7.1%), phyllocladene (6.8%), and α-pinene (5.2%). Antibacterial activity of both oils showed a strong activity against nosocomial bacteria tested. Conclusion: Essential oils of Moroccan VAC could be exploited as natural drugs for bacteria, especially those who have acquired resistance to conventional antibiotics.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Uropathogenic E. Coli Isolates from Jordanian Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacoub R. Nairoukh ◽  
Azmi M. Mahafzah ◽  
Amal Irshaid ◽  
Asem A. Shehabi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
St131 Clone

Background: Emergence of multi-drug resistant uropathogenic E. coli strains is an increasing problem to empirical treatment of urinary tract infections in many countries. This study investigated the magnitude of this problem in Jordan. Methods: A total of 262 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples of Jordanian patients which were suspected to have urinary tract infections (UTIs). All isolates were primarily identified by routine biochemical tests and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method. Fifty representative Multidrug Resistance (MDR) E. coli isolates to 3 or more antibiotic classes were tested for the presence of resistance genes of blaCTX-M- 1, 9 and 15, carbapenemase (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48), fluoroquinolones mutated genes (parC and gyrA) and clone of ST131 type using PCR methods. Results: A total of 150/262 (57.3%) of E. coli isolates were MDR. Urine samples of hospitalized patients showed significantly more MDR isolates than outpatients. Fifty representative MDR E. coli isolates indicated the following molecular characteristics: All were positive for mutated parC gene and gyrA and for ST131 clone, and 78% were positive for genes of CTX-M-15, 76% for CTX-M-I and for 8% CTX-M-9, respectively. Additionally, all 50 MDR E. coli isolates were negative for carbapenemase genes (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48), except of one isolate was positive for blaKPC-2 . Conclusion: This study indicates alarming high rates recovery of MDR uropathogenic E. coli from Jordanian patients associated with high rates of positive ST131 clone, fluoroquinolone resistant and important types of blaCTX-M.

scholarly journals Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates from Stethoscope, Thermometer, and Inanimate Surfaces of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshale Worku ◽  
Dejene Derseh ◽  
Abera Kumalo
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
E Coli

Background. Nosocomial infections occur among patients during their stay in hospitals. The severity of infection depends on the characteristics of microorganisms with a high risk of being acquired when the environment is contaminated. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging rapidly around the globe creating a serious threat. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016–February 2017 at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Samples were collected from the equipment and hospital surfaces. The isolated bacteria were checked for susceptibility by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following the standards of CLSI 2014. Health professionals and sanitary team members were included in the study which assessed the disinfection practice of objects from which samples were taken. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results. A total of 201 swab samples were taken, and most bacteria were recovered from thermometer and floor consisting of 21.6% S. aureus, 19.3% CoNS, 15.9% E. coli, 14.8% Klebsiella species, 11.4% P. aeruginosa, 10.2% Proteus species, and 6.8% Serratia species. The most multidrug resistant organisms were S. aureus (79%), Klebsiella species (53.8%), CoNS (47%), and Proteus species (44.4%). Only 6.45% of health professionals disinfect their stethoscope consistently. Conclusion. S. aureus, CoNS, and E. coli were the predominant isolates. Most isolates showed highest susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and least to ampicillin and penicillin. There is no regular sanitation and disinfection of hospital equipment and surfaces.

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