scholarly journals Advances in Piezoelectric Jet and Atomization Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5093
Author(s):  
Qiufeng Yan ◽  
Jiahan You ◽  
Wanting Sun ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Hongmei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Shear Mode ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Cell Printing ◽  
Development History

In recent years, the piezoelectric jet and atomization devices have exhibited tremendous advantages including their simple construction, and the fact that they are discreet and portable as well as low cost. They have been widely used in cell printing, spray cooling, drug delivery, and other industry fields. First, in this paper, two different concepts of jet and atomization are defined, respectively. Secondly, based on these two concepts, the piezoelectric jet and atomization devices can be divided into two different categories: piezoelectric micro jet device and piezoelectric atomization device. According to the organizational structure, piezoelectric micro jet devices can be classified into four different models: bend mode, push mode, squeeze mode, and shear mode. In addition, their development history and structural characteristics are summarized, respectively. According to the location of applied energy, there are two kinds of piezoelectric atomization devices, i.e., the static mesh atomization device and the vibration mesh atomization device, and both their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. The research achievements are summarized in three aspects of cell printing, spray cooling, and drug delivery. Finally, the future development trends of piezoelectric jet and atomization devices are prospected and forecasted.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and In Vitro Characterization of Chitosan-Based Microspheres Intended for Nasal Administration

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Csilla Bartos ◽  
Patrícia Varga ◽  
Piroska Szabó-Révész ◽  
Rita Ambrus
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Nasal Administration ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Intranasal Application ◽  
Spray Dried

The absorption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) through the nasal epithelium offers an innovative opportunity in the field of pain therapy. Thanks to the bonding of chitosan to the nasal mucosa and its permeability-enhancing effect, it is an excellent choice to formulate microspheres for the increase of drug bioavailability. The aim of our work includes the preparation of spray-dried cross-linked and non-cross-linked chitosan-based drug delivery systems for intranasal application, the optimization of spray-drying process parameters (inlet air temperature, pump rate), and the composition of samples. Cross-linked products were prepared by using different amounts of sodium tripolyphosphate. On top of these, the micrometric properties, the structural characteristics, the in vitro drug release, and the in vitro permeability of the products were studied. Spray-drying resulted in micronized chitosan particles (2–4 μm) regardless of the process parameters. The meloxicam (MEL)-containing microspheres showed nearly spherical habit, while MEL was present in a molecularly dispersed state. The highest dissolved (>90%) and permeated (~45 µg/cm2) MEL amount was detected from the non-cross-linked sample. Our results indicate that spray-dried MEL-containing chitosan microparticles may be recommended for the development of a novel drug delivery system to decrease acute pain or enhance analgesia by intranasal application.

scholarly journals Nanocomposite Materials Based on Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Polymers: Molecular Architecture Strategies for Sensor Applications

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
André Olean-Oliveira ◽  
Gilberto A. Oliveira Brito ◽  
Celso Xavier Cardoso ◽  
Marcos F. S. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Specific Surface Area ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Sensor Applications

The use of graphene and its derivatives in the development of electrochemical sensors has been growing in recent decades. Part of this success is due to the excellent characteristics of such materials, such as good electrical and mechanical properties and a large specific surface area. The formation of composites and nanocomposites with these two materials leads to better sensing performance compared to pure graphene and conductive polymers. The increased large specific surface area of the nanocomposites and the synergistic effect between graphene and conducting polymers is responsible for this interesting result. The most widely used methodologies for the synthesis of these materials are still based on chemical routes. However, electrochemical routes have emerged and are gaining space, affording advantages such as low cost and the promising possibility of modulation of the structural characteristics of composites. As a result, application in sensor devices can lead to increased sensitivity and decreased analysis cost. Thus, this review presents the main aspects for the construction of nanomaterials based on graphene oxide and conducting polymers, as well as the recent efforts made to apply this methodology in the development of sensors and biosensors.

scholarly journals Recent Developments of Antimony-Based Anodes for Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochao Chen ◽  
Ming Liang ◽  
Qingzhao Wu ◽  
Shan Zhu ◽  
Naiqin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Weak Charge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractThe development of sodium-ion (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) has increased rapidly because of the abundant resources and cost-effectiveness of Na and K. Antimony (Sb) plays an important role in SIBs and PIBs because of its high theoretical capacity, proper working voltage, and low cost. However, Sb-based anodes have the drawbacks of large volume changes and weak charge transfer during the charge and discharge processes, thus leading to poor cycling and rapid capacity decay. To address such drawbacks, many strategies and a variety of Sb-based materials have been developed in recent years. This review systematically introduces the recent research progress of a variety of Sb-based anodes for SIBs and PIBs from the perspective of composition selection, preparation technologies, structural characteristics, and energy storage behaviors. Moreover, corresponding examples are presented to illustrate the advantages or disadvantages of these anodes. Finally, we summarize the challenges of the development of Sb-based materials for Na/K-ion batteries and propose potential research directions for their further development.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Lipid Micro/Nanoparticles for Oral Administration by Spray-Cooling

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Carmen S. Favaro-Trindade ◽  
Fernando E. de Matos Junior ◽  
Paula K. Okuro ◽  
João Dias-Ferreira ◽  
Amanda Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Simple Technology

Nanoencapsulation via spray cooling (also known as spray chilling and spray congealing) has been used with the aim to improve the functionality, solubility, and protection of drugs; as well as to reduce hygroscopicity; to modify taste and odor to enable oral administration; and many times to achieve a controlled release profile. It is a relatively simple technology, it does not require the use of low-cost solvents (mostly associated to toxicological risk), and it can be applied for lipid raw materials as excipients of oral pharmaceutical formulations. The objective of this work was to revise and discuss the advances of spray cooling technology, with a greater emphasis on the development of lipid micro/nanoparticles to the load of active pharmaceutical ingredients for oral administration.

Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly (sulfone-amine) modified β-cyclodextrin

e-Polymers ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Peng He ◽  
Zhifeng Jia ◽  
Xinyuan Zhu ◽  
Deyue Yan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Good Solubility ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Hyperbranched Poly ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Inclusion Ability

AbstractAn economical strategy to prepare hyperbranched poly(sulfone-amine) modified β-cyclodextrins (HPSA-m-CDs) from natural β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and other commercially available materials has been reported. The final product has many good properties of hyperbranched poly(sulfone-amine)s (good solubility, low viscosity etc.), while its inclusion ability can also be well kept. It is a feasible approach to prepare functionalized modified cyclodextrin at very low cost, and may have potential applications in the fields of catalysis, drug delivery, food additives, etc.

Lignin-based polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Qi ◽  
Zhang Chaoqun ◽  
Yang Weijun ◽  
Wang Qingwen ◽  
Ou Rongxian
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymer Matrices ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Polyester Resins ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
New Ideas

Abstract On the basis of the world’s continuing consumption of raw materials, there was an urgent need to seek sustainable resources. Lignin, the second naturally abundant biomass, accounts for 15–35% of the cell walls of terrestrial plants and is considered waste for low-cost applications such as thermal and electricity generation. The impressive characteristics of lignin, such as its high abundance, low density, biodegradability, antioxidation, antibacterial capability, and its CO2 neutrality and enhancement, render it an ideal candidate for developing new polymer/composite materials. In past decades, considerable works have been conducted to effectively utilize waste lignin as a component in polymer matrices for the production of high-performance lignin-based polymers. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the recent advances and challenges involving lignin-based polymers utilizing lignin macromonomer and its derived monolignols. These lignin-based polymers include phenol resins, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, etc. The structural characteristics and functions of lignin-based polymers are discussed in each section. In addition, we also try to divide various lignin reinforced polymer composites into different polymer matrices, which can be separated into thermoplastics, rubber, and thermosets composites. This chapter is expected to increase the interest of researchers worldwide in lignin-based polymers and develop new ideas in this field.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of a Novel Amphiphilic Polymer RGD-PEG-Chol for Target Drug Delivery System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zeng ◽  
Fengbo Wu ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Xiangrong Song ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Amphiphilic Polymer ◽  
Target Drug Delivery ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Target Drug

An amphiphilic polymer RGD-PEG-Chol which can be produced in large scale at a very low cost has been synthesized successfully. The synthesized intermediates and final products were characterized and confirmed by1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). The paclitaxel- (PTX-) loaded liposomes based on RGD-PEG-Chol were then prepared by film formation method. The liposomes had a size within 100 nm and significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel to B16F10 cell as demonstrated by MTT test (IC50= 0.079 μg/mL of RGD-modified PTX-loaded liposomes compared to 9.57 μg/mL of free PTX). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the cellular uptake of coumarin encapsulated in the RGD-PEG-Chol modified liposome was increased for HUVEC cells. This work provides a reasonable, facile, and economic approach to prepare peptide-modified liposome materials with controllable performances and the obtained linear RGD-modified PTX-loaded liposomes might be attractive as a drug delivery system.

scholarly journals Diatoms Green Nanotechnology for Biosilica-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Terracciano ◽  
Luca De Stefano ◽  
Ilaria Rea
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Diatom Frustule ◽  
Artificial Environment

Diatom microalgae are the most outstanding natural source of porous silica. The diatom cell is enclosed in a three-dimensional (3-D) ordered nanopatterned silica cell wall, called frustule. The unique properties of the diatom frustule, including high specific surface area, thermal stability, biocompatibility, and tailorable surface chemistry, make diatoms really promising for biomedical applications. Moreover, they are easy to cultivate in an artificial environment and there is a large availability of diatom frustules as fossil material (diatomite) in several areas of the world. For all these reasons, diatoms are an intriguing alternative to synthetic materials for the development of low-cost drug delivery systems. This review article focuses on the possible use of diatom-derived silica as drug carrier systems. The functionalization strategies of diatom micro/nanoparticles for improving their biophysical properties, such as cellular internalization and drug loading/release kinetics, are described. In addition, the realization of hybrid diatom-based devices with advanced properties for theranostics and targeted or augmented drug delivery applications is also discussed.

scholarly journals MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS CONTAINING POLYSACCHARIDES

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 889-902
Author(s):  
IRINA M. PELIN ◽  
DANA M. SUFLET
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Buccal Drug Delivery ◽  
Systemic Drug

The buccal mucosa is an attractive site for drug administration as it allows avoiding the enzymatic degradation of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract and its hepatic metabolism. For buccal administration, different drug delivery systems with controlled mucoadhesion have been developed and some of them are available on the market. Mucoadhesion makes it possible to obtain prolonged, local or systemic drug action, and this process is highly influenced by several factors, among which, the reactivity of macromolecules from the formulations is very important. Polysaccharides are increasingly studied due to their abundance in natural resources, low-cost availability and easy chemical modification, but also due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity properties. This review briefly describes the advantages of using the buccal route of drug administration, the influencing factors that are taken into account for obtaining mucoadhesive dosage forms, and the main polysaccharides and their derivatives used for fabrication of buccal drug delivery systems.

Exploring the Effects of Organizational Structure Variables on the Organizational Justice Perceptions of Correctional Staff

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-574
Author(s):  
Eric G. Lambert ◽  
Emily Berthelot ◽  
Weston Morrow ◽  
Lauren Block ◽  
Nancy Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Correctional Staff ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Research examining the effect of organizational justice on the correctional environment is typically limited to its consequences on various outcomes. Absent from this body of literature is how perceptions of organizational justice are formed among correctional staff. Filling this void and using data from a Midwestern correctional facility, the current study examines the impact of instrumental communication, integration, formalization, and input into decision-making on the distributive and procedural justice perceptions of correctional staff. With the exception of integration, all organizational structure variables were significantly related to both forms of organizational justice. These findings offer correctional administrators a low cost and practical solution for enhancing organizational justice through organizational structure.

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