scholarly journals Bone Marrow Environment in Metastatic Neuroblastoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2467
Author(s):  
Chiara Brignole ◽  
Fabio Pastorino ◽  
Patrizia Perri ◽  
Loredana Amoroso ◽  
Veronica Bensa ◽  
...  

The study of the interactions occurring in the BM environment has been facilitated by the peculiar nature of metastatic NB. In fact: (i) metastases are present at diagnosis; (ii) metastases are confined in a very specific tissue, the BM, suggestive of a strong attraction and possibility of survival; (iii) differently from adult cancers, NB metastases are available because the diagnostic procedures require morphological examination of BM; (iv) NB metastatic cells express surface antigens that allow enrichment of NB metastatic cells by immune–magnetic separation; and (v) patients with localized disease represent an internal control to discriminate specific alterations occurring in the metastatic niche from generic alterations determined by the neoplastic growth at the primary site. Here, we first review the information regarding the features of BM-infiltrating NB cells. Then, we focus on the alterations found in the BM of children with metastatic NB as compared to healthy children and children with localized NB. Specifically, information regarding all the BM cell populations and their sub-sets will be first examined in the context of BM microenvironment in metastatic NB. In the last part, the information regarding the soluble factors will be presented.

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Cabrera ◽  
Clarisse Yone ◽  
Anne E. Tebo ◽  
Jan van Aaken ◽  
Bertrand Lell ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT We assessed immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype responses with specificity for the variant surface antigens (VSA) of heterologous Plasmodium falciparum isolates by using flow cytometry and plasma from healthy Gabonese adults and from children during and after two consecutive malaria episodes. The individual isolate-specific antibody profiles differed markedly in terms of their isotype content but were similar for healthy adults and healthy uninfected children. In healthy adults, IgG3 and IgG2 responses were the highest, while in healthy children, IgG3 and IgG4 predominated. A transiently elevated IgG1 response was observed during the second of two successive malaria episodes in children, signaling P. falciparum infection-induced cross-reactive anti-VSA responses. Our findings highlight the prominence of IgG3 in the overall profile of these responses but also indicate a marked age-related increase in the prevalence of anti-VSA antibodies of the classically noncytophilic IgG2 isotype, possibly reflecting the high frequency of the histidine-131 variant of FcγRIIA in the Gabonese population.


1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald H. Kessler ◽  
Donald Jungkind ◽  
Evelyn Stelzl ◽  
Sue Direnzo ◽  
Srinivas K. Vellimedu ◽  
...  

The use of AMPLILINK version 1.0 software was evaluated for the operation and control of one COBAS AMPLICOR instrument and for two COBAS AMPLICOR instruments run simultaneously to perform and detect nucleic acid amplification reactions. A total of 3,384 results were analyzed. The initial accuracy of the results was 99.91%. Three errors of omission of transfer of data from the COBAS AMPLICOR to the AMPLILINK system were observed. Two of these errors were from a single specimen, where both the analyte and internal control results were not transmitted. These errors did not interfere with the correctness of any other data. There were no interruptions of runs, and no data were mixed. AMPLILINK increased convenience, saved labor, and was found to be a very useful addition for clinical laboratories performing molecular-diagnostic procedures with the COBAS AMPLICOR system.


Author(s):  
Т. С. Кривоногова ◽  
О. М. Гергет ◽  
В. А. Желев ◽  
Е. В. Голикова ◽  
Е. В. Михалев ◽  
...  

Перинатальная патология центральной нервной системы занимает ведущие позиции в структуре детской заболеваемости, что диктует необходимость поиска оптимальных подходов к ранней диагностике гипоксически-ишемических и травматических поражений центральной нервной системы, в том числе с использованием технологий математического моделирования. Цель работы состоит в создании и апробации математической модели дифференциальной диагностики гипоксически-ишемических и травматических поражений нервной системы у детей с использованием метода кариометрии. В исследование были включены 290 доношенных детей первого года жизни: первая группа сравнения включала 120 новорожденных с гипоксически-ишемическим поражением центральной нрвной системы, вторая – 120 новорожденных с ее травматическим поражением, контрольная группа включала 50 здоровых детей. Всем детям в возрасте 1, 3, 6, 9 месяцев и 1 года оценивались физическое и нервно-психическое развитие, двигательные функции по методу Л. Т. Журбы. На первом месяце жизни проводились нейросонография головного мозга, рентгенологическое обследование головы и шейного отдела позвоночника в двух проекциях. В возрасте 1, 3 и 6 месяцев выполнялось морфологическое исследование лимфоцитов (кариометрия). Для создания математической модели дифференциальной диагностики гипоксически-ишемических и травматических поражений нервной системы были взяты 12 показателей нейросонографии и 4 показателя морфологии лимфоцитов периферической капиллярной крови (площадь и периметр ядра, площадь и периметр клетки). В построении диагностической модели использовали самообучающуюся искусственную нейронную сеть, работа которой воспроизведена при помощи созданного программного приложения. Исследование показало, что полученная нами модель проста в использовании, экономит время на постановку диагноза, обладает высокой степенью распознавания: специфичность модели – 89,2%, чувствительность 92%. Perinatal pathology of the Central nervous system (CNS) occupies a leading position in the structure of childhood morbidity, which dictates the need to find optimal approaches to the early diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic and traumatic CNS lesions, including using mathematical modeling technologies. Objective: to create and test a mathematical model for differential diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic and traumatic lesions of the nervous system in children using the karyometry method. The study included 290 full-term infants of the first year of life: the first comparison group included 120 newborns with hypoxic – ischemic CNS damage, the second group-120 newborns with traumatic CNS damage, the control group included 50 healthy children. All children aged 1, 3, 6, 9 months and 1 year were evaluated for physical and neuropsychic development, motor functions according to the method of L. T. Zhurba. In the first month of life, neurosonography of the brain, x-ray examination of the head and cervical spine in two projections were performed. Morphological examination of lymphocytes (karyometry) was performed at the ages of 1, 3 and 6 months. To create a mathematical model for differential diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic and traumatic lesions of the nervous system, 12 indicators of neurosonography and 4 indicators of peripheral capillary blood lymphocyte morphology (area and perimeter of the nucleus, area and perimeter of the cell) were taken. A self-learning artificial neural network was used in the construction of the diagnostic model, the operation of which was reproduced using the created software application. The study showed that the model we obtained is easy to use, saves time for diagnosis, and has a high degree of recognition: the model specificity is 89,2%, and the sensitivity is 92%.


Parasitology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. E. Parkhouse ◽  
Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres

SUMMARYInfective larvae, adults and newborn larvae ofTrichinella spiraliswere surface labelled with radioactive iodine, and the surface material was solubilized in the mild detergent sodium deoxycholate. The radio-isotope labelled products were stage-specific glycoproteins that were few in number (2–4 components) and antigenic in infected mice and rats. Antibodies synthesized in infected animals against these biochemically defined surface antigens may or may not interact with the surface of the living worm. The latter type of antibody is unlikely to be involved in the initial phase of parasite rejection and is therefore another example of a non-protective host antibody response. The stimulus for its synthesis must be the observed release of surface antigen. A monoclonal antibody to a surface glycoprotein of newborn larvae protected against infection, and also promoted eosinophil killingin vitro. This observation emphasizes the importance of surface antigens in protection against infection, suggests a role for granulocytesin vivo, and provides encouragement for the possible use of nematode surface antigens in protection. An example of regional specialization of the nematode cuticle was given by a monoclonal antibody reactive with only the surface of the male intromittent organ and not the female or remainder of the male. The same stages were labelledin vitrowith radioactive methionine, and the secreted proteins were also found to be stage-specific. Some, but not all, were antigenic in infected mice. The total concanavalin A-binding somatic glycoproteins of each stage exhibited considerable individuality, and hence stage specificity, when resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These results extend our knowledge of stage-specific components ofT. spiralis, and allow a rational approach towards protection and the construction of diagnostic procedures.


2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. OSUGI ◽  
J. HARA ◽  
H. KURAHASHI ◽  
N. SAKATA ◽  
M. INOUE ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Lionel Gillot ◽  
Louis Baudin ◽  
Loïc Rouaud ◽  
Frédéric Kridelka ◽  
Agnès Noël

AbstractLymph node metastasis is a crucial prognostic parameter in many different types of cancers and a gateway for further dissemination to distant organs. Prior to metastatic dissemination, the primary tumor prepares for the remodeling of the draining (sentinel) lymph node by secreting soluble factors or releasing extracellular vesicles that are transported by lymphatic vessels. These important changes occur before the appearance of the first metastatic cell and create what is known as a pre-metastatic niche giving rise to the subsequent survival and growth of metastatic cells. In this review, the lymph node structure, matrix composition and the emerging heterogeneity of cells forming it are described. Current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular processes associated with nodal pre-metastatic niche formation, including lymphangiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immunosuppressive cell enlisting in lymph nodes are additionally summarized. Finally, future directions that research could possibly take and the clinical impact are discussed.


Author(s):  
H Khastavaneh ◽  
H Ebrahimpour-komleh

Nowadays, medical image modalities are almost available everywhere. These modalities are bases of diagnosis of various diseases sensitive to specific tissue type. Usually physicians look for abnormalities in these modalities in diagnostic procedures. Count and volume of abnormalities are very important for optimal treatment of patients. Segmentation is a preliminary step for these measurements and also further analysis. Manual segmentation of abnormalities is cumbersome, error prone, and subjective. As a result, automated segmentation of abnormal tissue is a need. In this study, representative techniques for segmentation of abnormal tissues are reviewed. Main focus is on the segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions, breast cancer masses, lung nodules, and skin lesions. As experimental results demonstrate, the methods based on deep learning techniques perform better than other methods that are usually based on handy feature engineering techniques. Finally, the most common measures to evaluate automated abnormal tissue segmentation methods are reported.


2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano J. Melli ◽  
Andrés E. Ciocchini ◽  
Ana J. Caillava ◽  
Nicolás Vozza ◽  
Isabel Chinen ◽  
...  

Human infection with Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) is a major cause of postdiarrheal hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a life-threatening condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure.E. coliO157:H7 is the dominant STEC serotype associated with HUS worldwide, although non-O157 STEC serogroups can cause a similar disease. The detection of anti-O157E. colilipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies in combination with stool culture and detection of free fecal Shiga toxin considerably improves the diagnosis of STEC infections. In the present study, we exploited a bacterial glycoengineering technology to develop recombinant glycoproteins consisting of the O157, O145, or O121 polysaccharide attached to a carrier protein as serogroup-specific antigens for the serological diagnosis of STEC-associated HUS. Our results demonstrate that using these antigens in indirect ELISAs (glyco-iELISAs), it is possible to clearly discriminate between STEC O157-, O145-, and O121-infected patients and healthy children, as well as to confirm the diagnosis in HUS patients for whom the classical diagnostic procedures failed. Interestingly, a specific IgM response was detected in almost all the analyzed samples, indicating that it is possible to detect the infection in the early stages of the disease. Additionally, in all the culture-positive HUS patients, the serotype identified by glyco-iELISAs was in accordance with the serotype of the isolated strain, indicating that these antigens are valuable not only for diagnosing HUS caused by the O157, O145, and O121 serogroups but also for serotyping and guiding the subsequent steps to confirm diagnosis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Veronika Melnikova V ◽  
◽  
Munavvara Dodkhoeva ◽  

Objective: To study immunohystochemical markers and features of histological and morphological changes in the placenta of women who have given birth to children with anencephaly. Methods: 15 women with anencephaly in the fetus (the main group) and 20 women, who gave birth to practically healthy children (control group), were examined. All women were tested for tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), morphological examination of placenta and levels of apoptosis, definition expression Nkx-2.2 in vascular endothelial cells of the villous chorion of the placenta of women in norm, and with congenital malformation (CM) of the central nervous system (CNS), in particular – anencephaly in the fetus. Results: A feature of the histochemical characteristics of placenta in women who have given birth to children with anencephaly is the predominance of chronic compensated deficiency with manifestations of dyscirculatory disorders. Statistically significant reduction of Nkx-2.2 expression levels in the vascular endothelial cells of the villous chorion placenta of women who gave birth to children with anencephaly, confirms the role of this factor in the differentiation of nervous structures. An inverse correlation between the level of Nkx-2.2 expression in the placenta and the level of AFP in the blood serum of pregnant women at the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy determines the level of AFP as the most significant marker of the development of anencephaly in the fetus. Conclusions: Based on the conducted studies it is possible to assume the participation of the placenta in the formation of abnormalities of the CNS of fetuses and newborns. Consequently, properly organized antenatal surveillance with mandatory definition of AFP level at 14 weeks of pregnancy will improve the quality of care for women at risk development of CM of the CNS of the fetus, in particular – anencephaly. Keywords: Immunohistochemical markers, diagnostics of anencephaly, expression of Nkx-2.2 in the placenta, degree of apoptosis in the placenta


1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2853-2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Reischl ◽  
Norbert Lehn ◽  
Hans Wolf ◽  
Ludmila Naumann

We evaluated the COBAS AMPLICOR PCR system (Roche Diagnostics) for the routine detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in clinical specimens. Diagnostic culture, considered as the reference method, was performed with BACTEC, Löwenstein-Jensen, Stonebrink, and Kirchner media. Occasionally MB-Redox, ESP, or MGIT medium was also used. A total of 643 respiratory and 506 nonrespiratory specimens collected from 807 patients were investigated. Of the 95 culture-positive specimens, 80 were COBAS AMPLICOR MTB positive, and of the 1,054 culture-negative specimens, 1,044 were COBAS AMPLICOR MTB negative. After resolving discrepancies by review of the medical history, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the COBAS AMPLICOR MTB assay, respectively, were 83.5, 98.8, 86.7, and 98.6% compared to those of diagnostic culture. In smear-positive specimens, the sensitivity of the COBAS AMPLICOR MTB assay was 96%, versus 48% for smear-negative specimens. No significant differences in the test performance between respiratory and nonrespiratory specimens were observed. The overall inhibition rate was less than 2%, excluding stool specimens. The clear advantages of the COBAS AMPLICOR PCR system are standardized procedures and reagents for specimen processing as well as an internal control for reliable monitoring of PCR inhibitors. By simplifying the work flow through a completely automated amplification and amplicon detection procedure, the COBAS AMPLICOR PCR system proved itself as a very useful component for routine diagnostic procedures.


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