Introduction:
Cancer is a disorder which has a powerful impact on the quality life and life expectancy
despite the increase in drugs and treatments available for cancer patients. Moreover, many new therapeutic
options are known to have adverse reactions without any improvement in outcome than before. Nowadays,
natural products or plant derivatives are used as chemoprevention drugs and chemotherapy is the new approach
that uses specific cell premalignant transformation in the malignant form. Natural substances derived from
plants, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids and others, can be biologically active and have a
wide spectrum of effects. The protective effects of Saffron carotenoids (crocin and crocetin) have been extensively
studied mainly for their antioxidant properties, however, they have various other biological activities
including tumor growth inhibition with the induction of cell death.
Methods:
The relevant information on Saffron and its carotenoids was collected from scientific databases (such
as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct). To identify all published articles in relation to saffron, crocin and
crocetin, in different types of cancer, no language restriction has been used.
Results:
To date, crossing the words saffron and cancer, approximately 150 articles can be found. If crossing is
made between crocin and cancer, approximately 60 articles can be found. With the crossing between crocetin
and cancer, the number is approximately 55, while between carotenoids and cancer, the number exceeds 16.000
reports. In all the papers published to date, there are evidences that saffron and its carotenoids exert chemopreventive
activity through anti-oxidant activity, cancer cells apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, enhancement
of cell differentiation, modulation of cell cycle progression and cell growth, modulation of tumor metabolism,
stimulation of cell-to-cell communication and immune modulation.
Conclusion:
Here, we have tried to offer an up-to-date overview of pre-clinical experimental investigations on
the potential use of the main carotenoids of saffron in tumor models and focus the attention on the molecular
mechanisms involved.