scholarly journals Potential of Bioactive Food Components against Gastric Cancer: Insights into Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4502
Author(s):  
Seog Young Kang ◽  
Dongwon Hwang ◽  
Soyoung Shin ◽  
Jinju Park ◽  
Myoungchan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Bioactive Food Components

Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach. Accumulated evidence and epidemiological studies have indicated that bioactive food components from natural products play an important role in gastric cancer prevention and treatment, although its mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated. Particularly, experimental studies have shown that natural bioactive food products display a protective effect against gastric cancer via numerous molecular mechanisms, such as suppression of cell metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and modulation of autophagy. Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer along with surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, as well as immunotherapy, and its adverse side effects including neutropenia, stomatitis, mucositis, diarrhea, nausea, and emesis are well documented. However, administration of naturally occurring bioactive phytochemical food components could increase the efficacy of gastric chemotherapy and other chemotherapeutic resistance. Additionally, several studies have suggested that bioactive food components with structural stability, potential bioavailability, and powerful bioactivity are important to develop novel treatment strategies for gastric cancer management, which may minimize the adverse effects. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the potential therapeutic effects of natural bioactive food products on the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer with intensive molecular mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and safety efficacy.

scholarly journals Emerging Potential of Naturally Occurring Molecules against Gastric Cancer: Insights Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seog Young Kang ◽  
Dongwon Hwang ◽  
Soyoung Shin ◽  
Jinju Park ◽  
Myoungchan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Nausea And Emesis

Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a cancer which develops from the lining of the stomach. Accumulated evidences and epidemiological studies have been indicated that natural products play an important role in gastric cancer prevention and treatment, although its mechanism of action did not elucidate yet. Particularly, experimental studies have been showed that natural products displayed a protective effect against gastric cancer via numerous molecular mechanisms such as suppression of cell metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and modulation of autophagy. Although chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer along with surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy, but its adverse side effects including neutropenia, stomatitis, mucositis, diarrhea, nausea, and emesis are well documented. Additionally, intake of naturally occurring phytochemicals could increase the efficacy of gastric chemotherapy and chemotherapeutics resistance. However, natural product structural stability and powerful bioactivity are important to develop novel treatments for gastric cancer that may minimize such adverse effects. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the potential therapeutic effects of natural products on prevention and treatment of gastric cancer with intensive molecular mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and safety efficacy.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin—From Traditional Past to Present and Future Clinical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Bachmeier ◽  
Dieter Melchart
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

The efficacy of the plant-derived polyphenol curcumin, in various aspects of health and wellbeing, is matter of public interest. An internet search of the term “Curcumin” displays about 12 million hits. Among the multitudinous information presented on partly doubtful websites, there are reports attracting the reader with promises ranging from eternal youth to cures for incurable diseases. Unfortunately, many of these reports are not based on scientific evidence, but they feed the desideratum of the reader for a “miracle cure”. This circumstance makes it very difficult for researchers, who work in a scientifically sound and evidence-based manner on the therapeutic benefits (or side effects) of curcumin, to demarcate their results from sensational reports that circulate in the web and in other media. This is only one of many obstacles making it difficult to pave curcumin’s way into clinical application; others are its nonpatentability and low economic usability. A further impediment comes from scientists who never worked with curcumin or any other natural plant-derived compound in their own labs. They have never tested these compounds in any scientific assay, neither in vitro nor in vivo; however, they claim, in a sometimes polemic manner, that everything that has so far been published on curcumin’s molecular effects is based on artefacts. The here presented Special Issue comprises a collection of five scientifically sound articles and nine reviews reporting on the therapeutic benefits and the molecular mechanisms of curcumin or of chemically modified curcumin in various diseases ranging from malignant tumors to chronic diseases, microbial infection, and even neurodegenerative diseases. The excellent results of the scientific projects that underlie the five original papers give reason to hope that curcumin will be part of novel treatment strategies in the near future—either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs or therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles as New Remedies in the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Nemanja Jovicic ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Nebojsa Arsenijevic ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

There is growing evidence that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based immunosuppression was mainly attributed to the effects of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). MSC-EVs are enriched with MSC-sourced bioactive molecules (messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory factors) that regulate phenotype, function and homing of immune cells. In this review article we emphasized current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of MSC-EVs in attenuation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We described the disease-specific cellular targets of MSC-EVs and defined MSC-sourced molecules, which were responsible for MSC-EV-based immunosuppression. Results obtained in a large number of experimental studies revealed that both local and systemic administration of MSC-EVs efficiently suppressed detrimental immune response in inflamed tissues and promoted survival and regeneration of injured parenchymal cells. MSC-EVs-based anti-inflammatory effects were relied on the delivery of immunoregulatory miRNAs and immunomodulatory proteins in inflammatory immune cells (M1 macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+Th1 and Th17 cells), enabling their phenotypic conversion into immunosuppressive M2 macrophages, tolerogenic DCs and T regulatory cells. Additionally, through the delivery of mRNAs and miRNAs, MSC-EVs activated autophagy and/or inhibited apoptosis, necrosis and oxidative stress in injured hepatocytes, neurons, retinal cells, lung, gut and renal epithelial cells, promoting their survival and regeneration.

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cancer Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Algal Polysaccharides

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Sajadimajd ◽  
Saeideh Momtaz ◽  
Pouya Haratipour ◽  
Fardous F. El-Senduny ◽  
Amin Iran Panah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Algal Polysaccharides

Background: Algal polysaccharide and oligosaccharide derivatives have been shown to possess a variety of therapeutic potentials and drug delivery applications. Algal polysaccharides contain sulfated sugar monomers derived from seaweed including brown, red, and green microalgae. Here, in this review, the recent progress of algal polysaccharides’ therapeutic applications as anticancer agents, as well as underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms was investigated. Moreover, recent progress in the structural chemistry of important polysaccharides with anticancer activities were illustrated. Methods: Electronic databases including “Scopus”, “PubMed”, and “Cochrane library” were searched using the keywords “cancer”, or “tumor”, or “malignancy” in title/abstract, along with “algae”, or “algal” in the whole text until July 2018. Only English language papers were included. Results: The most common polysaccharides involved in cancer management were sulfated polysaccharides, Fucoidans, Carageenans, and Ulvan from different species of algae that have been recognized in vitro and in vivo. The underlying anticancer mechanisms of algal polysaccharides included induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, modulation of transduction signaling pathways, suppression of migration and angiogenesis, as well as activation of immune responses and antioxidant system. VEGF/VEGFR2, TGFR/Smad/Snail, TLR4/ROS/ER, CXCL12/ CXCR4, TGFR/Smad7/Smurf2, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, PBK/TOPK, and β-catenin/Wnt are among the main cellular signaling pathways which have a key role in the preventive and therapeutic effects of algal polysaccharides against oncogenesis. Conclusion: Algal polysaccharides play a crucial role in the management of cancer and may be considered the next frontier in pharmaceutical research. Further well-designed clinical trials are mandatory to evaluate the efficacy and safety of algal polysaccharides in patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies a Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Therapeutic Responses in Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Zheng ◽  
Heshu Liu ◽  
Huayu Li ◽  
Weidong Dou ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Spearman Test

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most prominent cellular components in gastric cancer (GC) stroma that contribute to GC progression, treatment resistance, and immunosuppression. This study aimed at exploring stromal CAF-related factors and developing a CAF-related classifier for predicting prognosis and therapeutic effects in GC.Methods: We downloaded mRNA expression and clinical information of 431 GC samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and 330 GC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. CAF infiltrations were quantified by the estimate the proportion of immune and cancer cells (EPIC) method, and stromal scores were calculated via the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. Stromal CAF-related genes were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A CAF risk signature was then developed using the univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) Cox regression model. We applied the Spearman test to determine the correlation among CAF risk score, CAF markers, and CAF infiltrations (estimated via EPIC, xCell, microenvironment cell populations-counter (MCP-counter), and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithms). The TIDE algorithm was further used to assess immunotherapy response. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to clarify the molecular mechanisms.Results: The 4-gene (COL8A1, SPOCK1, AEBP1, and TIMP2) prognostic CAF model was constructed. GC patients were classified into high– and low–CAF-risk groups in accordance with their median CAF risk score, and patients in the high–CAF-risk group had significant worse prognosis. Spearman correlation analyses revealed the CAF risk score was strongly and positively correlated with stromal and CAF infiltrations, and the four model genes also exhibited positive correlations with CAF markers. Furthermore, TIDE analysis revealed high–CAF-risk patients were less likely to respond to immunotherapy. GSEA revealed that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), TGF-β signaling, hypoxia, and angiogenesis gene sets were significantly enriched in high–CAF-risk group patients.Conclusion: The present four-gene prognostic CAF signature was not only reliable for predicting prognosis but also competent to estimate clinical immunotherapy response for GC patients, which might provide significant clinical implications for guiding tailored anti-CAF therapy in combination with immunotherapy for GC patients.

scholarly journals Preventive and Therapeutic Roles of Berberine in Gastrointestinal Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwang Hu ◽  
Ruochi Zhao ◽  
Yahui Liu ◽  
Junzheng Chen ◽  
Zhijian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Gi Cancers

Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from various types of plants, including those from the Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Papaveraceae families. It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating diarrhea and gastrointestinal disorders. The medicinal properties of BBR include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, lipid-regulatory, and antidiabetic actions. Importantly, the efficacy of BBR against cancers has been assessed in several experimental studies and clinical trials. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of the most prevalent cancers worldwide that are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and their associated mortality has been increasing over the years. Thus, GI cancers have become a burden to the patients and health care systems. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of BBR and explores its potential preventive and therapeutic applications against GI cancers.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Gastric Cancer: Effects and Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Qian Mao ◽  
Xiao-Yu Xu ◽  
Ao Shang ◽  
Ren-You Gan ◽  
Ding-Tao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Cell Metastasis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer, and the third most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Voluminous evidence has demonstrated that phytochemicals play a critical role in the prevention and management of gastric cancer. Most epidemiological investigations indicate that the increased intake of phytochemicals could reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Experimental studies have elucidated the mechanisms of action, including inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and suppressing angiogenesis as well as cancer cell metastasis. These mechanisms have also been related to the inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and the modulation of gut microbiota. In addition, the intake of phytochemicals could enhance the efficacy of anticancer chemotherapeutics. Moreover, clinical studies have illustrated that phytochemicals have the potential for the prevention and the management of gastric cancer in humans. To provide an updated understanding of relationships between phytochemicals and gastric cancer, this review summarizes the effects of phytochemicals on gastric cancer, highlighting the underlying mechanisms. This review could be helpful for guiding the public in preventing gastric cancer through phytochemicals, as well as in developing functional food and drugs for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Opium Carcinogenicity: A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haniyeh Rafipour ◽  
Elham Mohebbi ◽  
Kazem Zendehdel ◽  
Samad Muhammadnejad ◽  
Paria Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modern Genomic ◽  
Opium Use

Several epidemiological studies have reported that regular use of opium can be associated with an increased risk of developing cancers, including oesophageal, laryngeal, bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. In this systematic review, we aimed at investigating whether experimental studies support this finding and, if yes, how opium consumption can cause cancer. Most of the articles that have studied opium or its derivatives have found it as a carcinogen. However, due to the complex composition, different forms, and various ways of opium use, further comprehensive experimental studies are required. Using modern genomic and epigenomic methods seems to help determine the molecular mechanisms underlying opium carcinogenicity.

scholarly journals Anti-Angiogenic Alternative and Complementary Medicines for the Treatment of Endometriosis: A Review of Potential Molecular Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilin Zheng ◽  
Lixing Cao ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Ma ◽  
Xuefang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Complementary Medicines ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Keywords Endometriosis

Endometriosis is caused by the growth or infiltration of endometrial tissues outside of the endometrium and myometrium. Symptoms include pain and infertility. Surgery and hormonal therapy are widely used in Western medicine for the treatment of endometriosis; however, the side effects associated with this practice include disease recurrence and menopause, which can severely influence quality of life. Angiogenesis is the main biological mechanism underlying the development of endometriosis. Numerous natural products and Chinese medicines with potent anti-angiogenic effects have been investigated, and the molecular basis underlying their therapeutic effects in endometriosis has been explored. This review aims to describe natural products and compounds that suppress angiogenesis associated with endometriosis and to assess their diverse molecular mechanisms of action. Furthermore, this review provides a source of information relating to alternative and complementary therapeutic products that mediate anti-angiogenesis. An extensive review of the literature and electronic databases, such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and Embase, was conducted using the keywords ‘endometriosis,’ ‘traditional Chinese medicine,’ ‘Chinese herbal medicine,’ ‘natural compounds,’ and ‘anti-angiogenic’ therapy. Anti-angiogenic therapy is an emerging strategy for the treatment of endometriosis. Natural anti-angiogenic products and Chinese medicines provide several beneficial clinical effects, including pain relief. In this review, we summarize clinical trials and experimental studies of endometriosis using natural products and Chinese medicines. In particular, we focus on anti-angiogenic products and alternative and complementary medicines for the treatment of endometriosis and additionally examine their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action. Anti-angiogenic natural products and/or compounds provide a new approach for the treatment of endometriosis. Future work will require randomized trials with larger numbers of subjects, as well as long-term follow-up to confirm the findings described here.

scholarly journals A Literature-Based Update on Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.: Traditional Uses, Nutraceutical, and Phytopharmacological Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Torequl Islam ◽  
Cristina Quispe ◽  
Dina M. El-Kersh ◽  
Manik Chandra Shill ◽  
Kanchan Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Climbing Plant ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Benincasa Hispida

Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) is an annual climbing plant, native to Asia with multiple therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. This updated review is aimed at discussing the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological properties, and molecular mechanisms highlighted in preclinical experimental studies and toxicological safety to evaluate the therapeutic potential of this genus. The literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, Science Direct, and database was analyzed using the basic keyword “Benincasa hispida.” Other searching strategies, including online resources, books, and journals, were used. The taxonomy of the plant has been made by consulting “The Plant List”. The results showed that B. hispida has been used in traditional medicine to treat neurological diseases, kidney disease, fever, and cough accompanied by thick mucus and to fight intestinal worms. The main bioactive compounds contained in Benincasa hispida have cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Further safety and efficacy investigations are needed to confirm these beneficial therapeutic effects and also future human clinical studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document