scholarly journals Experimental Investigations on the Performances of Composite Building Materials Based on Industrial Crops and Volcanic Rocks

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Iștoan ◽  
Daniela Roxana Tămaș-Gavrea ◽  
Daniela Lucia Manea
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
New Materials ◽  
White Cement ◽  
Hemp Shiv ◽  
Indoor Comfort

Interdisciplinary and sustainability represent the main characteristics of this paper due to the fact that this research is offering a connection between two main areas—agronomy and construction, by using hemp shiv for the design of new building materials, which can increase the sustainability level of the building industry. For this reason, the main scope of this study is based on the investigation of a new category of composite building materials—lightweight mortars based on hemp shiv, volcanic rocks and white cement—which contribute to a positive environmental impact and help to increase indoor comfort. A complex report was carried out on two segments. The first one is focused upon the characteristics of the raw materials from the composition of the new materials, while the second segment presents a detailed analysis of these composites including morphological and chemical investigation, pyrolytic and fire behavior, compression and flexural strengths, and acoustic and thermal characteristics. The proposed recipes have as a variable volcanic rocks, while the hemp and the binder maintain their volumes and properties. The results were analyzed according to the influence of volcanic rocks on the new composites.

Inorganic Polymeric Materials Based on Natural Silicate and Aluminosilicate Raw Materials

2022 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Emma Sahakyan ◽  
Avetik Arzumanyan ◽  
Nelli Muradyan
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
Conversion Degree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Conserving

The prospects of implementing the mechanochemical activation method of volcanic silicate and aluminosilicate rocks - perlites, tuffs, pumice, etc. are being considered for the production of a wide range of building materials using energy-conserving technologies. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of interaction in the systems of aluminosilicate – NaOH have been presented, indicating low-temperature sintering of volcanic rocks with sodium hydroxide. According to the degree of activity, the rocks have the following order: perlites, tuffs, obsidian, microcline. Kinetic parameters are presented: concentration, temperature, conversion degree, reaction rate constant, time of complete reaction and product layer thickness.

scholarly journals Thermal Transmittance Measurements of the Historical Masonries: Some Case Studies

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Rotilio ◽  
Federica Cucchiella ◽  
Pierluigi De Berardinis ◽  
Vincenzo Stornelli
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Knowledge Database ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
The One ◽  
Reference Knowledge

The background shows that intervention on historical walls highlights the difficulty of identifying design solutions that are effective and compatible due to the lack of specific data on the thermal characteristics of the specific contexts investigated. This determines the choice of design solutions that are frequently inadequate and unsustainable from an environmental and economic point of view. Starting from acquired data a methodology has been developed that is based on in situ experimental investigations able to return the most probable value of transmittance of the historical walls. The values measured on the samples analysed do not reflect the literature data. For some of the samples analysed, the measured transmittance is lower than the one recorded in literature of about 10–15%. For the remaining ones, there are no reference values. The importance of an in-depth knowledge of the real behaviour of an existing historical envelope of a building is therefore fundamental, given that any evaluation mistake can have serious consequences from both an economic and environmental point of view. Underestimating the transmittance of a wall implies a waste in the use of available resources but also the disposal of greater quantities of building materials in relation to the end of life. The developed methodology can be easily replicated in other contexts and extended to all building elements that make up the historical envelope. The study will be continued by analysing further samples in order to create a reference knowledge database accessible to researchers, professionals and organizations.

scholarly journals Valorization of Building Retrofitting Waste as Alternative Materials in Gypsums

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-342
Author(s):  
Mercedes Del Río Merino ◽  
Jaime Santa Cruz Astorqui ◽  
Paola Villoria Sáez ◽  
Carmen Viñas Arrebola ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
The University

Introduction:The lack of treatment of construction demolition waste (CDW) is a problem that must be solved immediately. It is estimated that the unused CDW generates an increase in the use of new materials close to 20% of the total materials consumed worldwide. Because of that, the use of CDW in building materials is an interesting alternative to guarantee their application. In the last years, many research works are being carried out in order to analyze the viability of using CDW as a substitute for the traditional raw materials that cause high environmental impact.However, much remains to be done, because these works generally characterize materials but not specific applications that allow the agents of construction to provide assurance required by the projects.Aim:The research group TEMA from the School of Building Construction (UPM) is working on this topic with the University of Seville, University of Burgos and the University of Zaragoza, developing a research project called "Waste to resources (W2R)". The main goal of the project is to develop new materials, elements and construction systems, manufactured with CDW generated in building retrofitting works, to be used in improving the energy efficiency of buildings.Results:In this article, some of the results of the W2R project are presented, namely the identification, quantification and characterization of the types of waste generated in renovation works to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and their possible applications as fillers in plasters to improve the performance of the original materials with a significant reduction in raw material, and thus reduce the environmental impact.Conclusions:Concrete and ceramics are the most commonly generated waste categories in building rehabilitation works to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings. These waste categories are generated during the preparation of the surface prior to the execution of the works. Also, mixed waste from insulation materials can be highlighted due to its volume.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

scholarly journals Thermal Characterization of Recycled Materials for Building Insulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3564
Author(s):  
Arnas Majumder ◽  
Laura Canale ◽  
Costantino Carlo Mastino ◽  
Antonio Pacitto ◽  
Andrea Frattolillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Operational Phase

The building sector is known to have a significant environmental impact, considering that it is the largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions of around 36% and is also responsible for about 40% of global energy consumption. Of this, about 50% takes place during the building operational phase, while around 10–20% is consumed in materials manufacturing, transport and building construction, maintenance, and demolition. Increasing the necessity of reducing the environmental impact of buildings has led to enhancing not only the thermal performances of building materials, but also the environmental sustainability of their production chains and waste prevention. As a consequence, novel thermo-insulating building materials or products have been developed by using both locally produced natural and waste/recycled materials that are able to provide good thermal performances while also having a lower environmental impact. In this context, the aim of this work is to provide a detailed analysis for the thermal characterization of recycled materials for building insulation. To this end, the thermal behavior of different materials representing industrial residual or wastes collected or recycled using Sardinian zero-km locally available raw materials was investigated, namely: (1) plasters with recycled materials; (2) plasters with natural fibers; and (3) building insulation materials with natural fibers. Results indicate that the investigated materials were able to improve not only the energy performances but also the environmental comfort in both new and in existing buildings. In particular, plasters and mortars with recycled materials and with natural fibers showed, respectively, values of thermal conductivity (at 20 °C) lower than 0.475 and 0.272 W/(m⋅K), while that of building materials with natural fibers was always lower than 0.162 W/(m⋅K) with lower values for compounds with recycled materials (0.107 W/(m⋅K)). Further developments are underway to analyze the mechanical properties of these materials.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

scholarly journals Recycling silver nanoparticle debris from laser ablation of silver nanowire in liquid media toward minimum material waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
June Sik Hwang ◽  
Jong-Eun Park ◽  
Gun Woo Kim ◽  
Hyeono Nam ◽  
Sangseok Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Laser Patterning ◽  
Inexpensive Procedure

AbstractAs silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are usually manufactured by chemical synthesis, a patterning process is needed to use them as functional devices. Pulsed laser ablation is a promising Ag NW patterning process because it is a simple and inexpensive procedure. However, this process has a disadvantage in that target materials are wasted owing to the subtractive nature of the process involving the removal of unnecessary materials, and large quantities of raw materials are required. In this study, we report a minimum-waste laser patterning process utilizing silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) debris obtained through laser ablation of Ag NWs in liquid media. Since the generated Ag NPs can be used for several applications, wastage of Ag NWs, which is inevitable in conventional laser patterning processes, is dramatically reduced. In addition, electrophoretic deposition of the recycled Ag NPs onto non-ablated Ag NWs allows easy fabrication of junction-enhanced Ag NWs from the deposited Ag NPs. The unique advantage of this method lies in using recycled Ag NPs as building materials, eliminating the additional cost of junction welding Ag NWs. These fabricated Ag NW substrates could be utilized as transparent heaters and stretchable TCEs, thereby validating the effectiveness of the proposed process.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cement Substitution by Biomass Fly Ash on the Polymer–Cement Composites Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3079
Author(s):  
Beata Jaworska ◽  
Dominika Stańczak ◽  
Joanna Tarańska ◽  
Jerzy Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Biomass Fly Ash

The generation of energy for the needs of the population is currently a problem. In consideration of that, the biomass combustion process has started to be implemented as a new source of energy. The dynamic increase in the use of biomass for energy generation also resulted in the formation of waste in the form of fly ash. This paper presents an efficient way to manage this troublesome material in the polymer–cement composites (PCC), which have investigated to a lesser extent. The research outlined in this article consists of the characterization of biomass fly ash (BFA) as well as PCC containing this waste. The characteristics of PCC with BFA after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing were analyzed. Our main findings are that biomass fly ash is suitable as a mineral additive in polymer–cement composites. The most interesting result is that the addition of biomass fly ash did not affect the rheological properties of the polymer–cement mortars, but it especially influenced its compressive strength. Most importantly, our findings can help prevent this byproduct from being placed in landfills, prevent the mining of new raw materials, and promote the manufacture of durable building materials.

Development of Mixture "Clay – Electro-Smelting Slag" for Ceramic Brick

2014 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.F. Torosyan ◽  
E.S. Torosyan
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Smelting Slag ◽  
Compression Resistance ◽  
Mixing Water ◽  
Melting Slag

Industrial transition to a totally new level of resources and energy saving necessitates improving the technical level of building materials manufacturing, growing their raw materials base, the assortment, enhancing the quality of manufactured products, cutting their cost price. It requires, first of all, carrying out more detailed research in properties of clay and clay loams, and selecting optimal additives for pottery works. Such disadvantages of clays as burning sensitivity, low compression resistance and flexural strength in a burnt state, low frost resistance cause the impossibility of their application without corrective additives. It is quite difficult to find an additive which can solve all the technological problems mentioned above. This paper provides the development of mixture "clay – electro-melting slag" for ceramic brick, moreover, addition of a steel-smelting slag in the fusion mixture results in the change in mixing water content of ceramic masses, strength and coloration of ceramic samples.

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