scholarly journals Nickel Particle-Based Compact Flexible Antenna for Modern Communication Systems

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque ◽  
Eistiak Ahamed ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽  
Mandeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Nickel Particle ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Nickel Aluminate ◽  
Flexible Antenna

A flexible antenna is a significant part of the new generation of wireless communication systems. Conventional antennas are typically fabricated on available FR-4 and RT/Duroid dielectric materials, where the dielectric constant cannot be selected arbitrarily and the degrees of freedom in designing the antenna are limited, whereas our flexible substrate offers moderate dielectric values by changing the concentration of the raw materials. Synthesised nickel particle-based flexible nickel aluminate (NiAl2O4) is utilized as a substrate material to make an effective antenna for microwave applications. The nickel aluminate substrate was made with 42% concentration of nickel, and has a dielectric constant of 4.979 and a thickness of 1 mm. The fabricated flexible antenna shows measured bandwidth from 6.50–8.85 GHz. On the other hand, the maximum measured gain and efficiency was 4.75 dBi and 91%, respectively. Finally, that antenna has directional radiation patterns and the presented antenna has a novelty where the nickel aluminate substrate was used for the first time. Thus the compactness of the antenna and its performance with a flexible nature makes it a worthy one to be used in the C-band application.

scholarly journals Iterative Analysis of Dielectric Constant of Patch Antenna Substrate at UHF Band

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.16) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Amish Kumar Jha ◽  
Bharti Gupta Gupta ◽  
Preety D Swami
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Shape Model ◽  
Iterative Analysis ◽  
Working Frequency ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper presents an investigation of effect of substrate material properties on the performance of antenna. The simulations are tested for 30 different dielectric materials on the basic RPA antenna model as well as on the most common U shape model using CST Microwave Studio. Two designs are proposed. On the basis of simulation results it has been concluded that for the first design the best material is which has a dielectric constant of 2.7 (𝜀r = 2.7) with bandwidth improvements of around 69.33% to 88.6% as compared to the most frequently used materials at present. For the second design the best result is obtained for the material that has dielectric constant in the range 2.0 to 2.7.  For a material having dielectric constant of 2.1 (𝜀r = 2.1) bandwidth improvement of around 11.74% with respect to RT Duroid was observed. For the second design, radiations from all other materials were not available in the working frequency range of 1GHz to 6GHz.  

scholarly journals Wearable Flexible Antenna for UWB On-Body and Implant Communications

Telecom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-301
Author(s):  
Mariella Särestöniemi ◽  
Marko Sonkki ◽  
Sami Myllymäki ◽  
Carlos Pomalaza-Raez
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Flexible Antenna

This paper describes the development and evaluation of an on-body flexible antenna designed for an in-body application, as well as on-body communications at ISM and UWB frequency bands. The evaluation is performed via electromagnetic simulations using the Dassault Simulia CST Studio Suite. A planar tissue layer model, as well as a human voxel model from the human abdominal area, are used to study the antenna characteristics next to human tissues. Power flow analysis is presented to understand the power flow on the body surface as well as within the tissues. Simulation results show that this wearable flexible antenna is suitable for in-body communications in the intestinal area, e.g., for capsule endoscopy, in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and at lower ultra-wideband (UWB). At higher frequencies, the antenna is suitable for on-body communications as well as in-body communications with lower propagation depth requirements. Additionally, an antenna prototype has been prepared and the antenna performance is verified with several on-body measurements. The measurement results show a good match with the simulation results. The novelty of the proposed antenna is a compact size and the flexible substrate material, which makes it feasible and practical for several different medical diagnosis and monitoring applications.

scholarly journals A compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearable applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746
Author(s):  
S. M. Shah ◽  
A. A. Rosman ◽  
M. A. Z. A. Rashid ◽  
Z. Z. Abidin ◽  
F. C. Seman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Flexible Antenna

In this work, a compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna operating at         2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band is presented. The antenna is fabricated on a semi-flexible substrate material, Rogers Duroid RO3003™ with a low-profile feature with dimensions of 30×38 mm2 which makes it a good solution for wearable applications. Bending investigation is also performed over a vacuum cylinder and the diameters are varied at 50 mm, 80 mm and 100 mm, that represents the average human arm’s diameter. The bending investigation shows that reflection coefficients for all diameters are almost similar which imply that the antenna will operate at the dual-band resonant frequencies, even in bending condition. The simulated specific absorption rate (SAR) in CST MWS® software shows that the antenna obeys the FCC and ICNIRP guidelines for 1 mW of input power. The SAR limits at 2.45 GHz for 1 g of human tissue is simulated at 0.271 W/kg (FCC standard: 1.6 W/kg) while for 10 g is at 0.0551 W/kg (ICNIRP standard: 2 W/kg. On the other hand, the SAR limits at 5.8 GHz are computed at 0.202 W/kg for 1 g and 0.0532 W/kg for 10 g.

Microstructural characterization of YBaCuO Films on LaAlO3 substrates

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
E. L. Hall ◽  
A. Mogro-Campero ◽  
N. Lewis ◽  
L. G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Film Plane ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Amorphous Substrates ◽  
High Dielectric

There have been a large number of recent studies of the growth of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films, and these studies have employed a variety of substrates and growth techniques. To date, the highest values of Tc and Jc have been found for films grown by sputtering or coevaporation on single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates, which produces a uniaxially-aligned film with the YBa2Cu3Ox c-axis normal to the film plane. Multilayer growth of films on the same substrate produces a triaxially-aligned film (regions of the film have their c-axis parallel to each of the three substrate <100> directions) with lower values of Jc. Growth of films on a variety of other polycrystalline or amorphous substrates produces randomly-oriented polycrystalline films with low Jc. Although single-crystal SrTiO3 thus produces the best results, this substrate material has a number of undesireable characteristics relative to electronic applications, including very high dielectric constant and a high loss tangent at microwave frequencies. Recently, Simon et al. have shown that LaAlO3 could be used as a substrate for YBaCuO film growth. This substrate is essentially a cubic perovskite with a lattice parameter of 0.3792nm (it has a slight rhombohedral distortion at room temperature) and this material exhibits much lower dielectric constant and microwave loss tangents than SrTiO3. It is also interesting from a film growth standpoint since it has a slightly smaller lattice parameter than YBa2Cu3Ox (a=0.382nm, b=c/3=0.389nm), while SrTiO3 is slightly larger (a=0.3905nm).

Modification of Low ĸ Materials for ULSI Multilevel Interconnects by Ion Implantation

2002 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Nandini ◽  
U. Roy ◽  
A. Mallikarjunan ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
J. Fortin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Hardness Increase ◽  
Xerogel Films ◽  
Ion Species

AbstractThin films of low dielectric constant (κ) materials such as Xerogel (ĸ=1.76) and SilkTM (ĸ=2.65) were implanted with argon, neon, nitrogen, carbon and helium with 2 x 1015 cm -2 and 1 x 1016 cm -2 dose at energies varying from 50 to 150 keV at room temperature. In this work we discuss the improvement of hardness as well as elasticity of low ĸ dielectric materials by ion implantation. Ultrasonic Force Microscopy (UFM) [6] and Nano indentation technique [5] have been used for qualitative and quantitative measurements respectively. The hardness increased with increasing ion energy and dose of implantation. For a given energy and dose, the hardness improvement varied with ion species. Dramatic improvement of hardness is seen for multi-dose implantation. Among all the implanted ion species (Helium, Carbon, Nitrogen, Neon and Argon), Argon implantation resulted in 5x hardness increase in Xerogel films, sacrificing only a slight increase (∼ 15%) in dielectric constant.

scholarly journals Deep-learning-based high-resolution recognition of fractional-spatial-mode-encoded data for free-space optical communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngbin Na ◽  
Do-Kyeong Ko
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Learning Classifier ◽  
Communication Capacity ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Mode Space

AbstractStructured light with spatial degrees of freedom (DoF) is considered a potential solution to address the unprecedented demand for data traffic, but there is a limit to effectively improving the communication capacity by its integer quantization. We propose a data transmission system using fractional mode encoding and deep-learning decoding. Spatial modes of Bessel-Gaussian beams separated by fractional intervals are employed to represent 8-bit symbols. Data encoded by switching phase holograms is efficiently decoded by a deep-learning classifier that only requires the intensity profile of transmitted modes. Our results show that the trained model can simultaneously recognize two independent DoF without any mode sorter and precisely detect small differences between fractional modes. Moreover, the proposed scheme successfully achieves image transmission despite its densely packed mode space. This research will present a new approach to realizing higher data rates for advanced optical communication systems.

Enhanced dielectric properties and thermostability in polyimide composites with core-shell structured polyimide@BaTiO3 nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832199352
Author(s):  
Wei Deng ◽  
Guanguan Ren ◽  
Wenqi Wang ◽  
Weiwei Cui ◽  
Wenjun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Amic Acid ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Core Shell

Polymer composites with high dielectric constant and thermal stability have shown great potential applications in the fields relating to the energy storage. Herein, core-shell structured polyimide@BaTiO3 (PI@BT) nanoparticles were fabricated via in-situ polymerization of poly(amic acid) (PAA) and the following thermal imidization, then utilized as fillers to prepare PI composites. Increased dielectric constant with suppressed dielectric loss, and enhanced energy density as well as heat resistance were simultaneously realized due to the presence of PI shell between BT nanoparticles and PI matrix. The dielectric constant of PI@BT/PI composites with 55 wt% fillers increased to 15.0 at 100 Hz, while the dielectric loss kept at low value of 0.0034, companied by a high energy density of 1.32 J·cm−3, which was 2.09 times higher than the pristine PI. Moreover, the temperature at 10 wt% weight loss reached 619°C, demonstrating the excellent thermostability of PI@BT/PI composites. In addition, PI@BT/PI composites exhibited improved breakdown strength and toughness as compared with the BT/PI composites due to the well dispersion of PI@BT nanofillers and the improved interfacial interactions between nanofillers and polymer matrix. These results provide useful information for the structural design of high-temperature dielectric materials.

Dielectric Characterization of Polyceram Films

1990 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Teowee ◽  
J.M. Boulton ◽  
H.H. Fox ◽  
A. Koussa ◽  
T. Gudgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Functionalized Polymers ◽  
Multifunctional Materials ◽  
Dielectric Characterization ◽  
Silicon Alkoxides ◽  
Tan Δ

ABSTRACTPolycerams are an emergent class of hybrid, multifunctional materials which combine the properties of organic and inorganic materials. Films have been prepared from silicon alkoxides and reactive, functionalized polymers such as triethoxysilyl modified polybutadiene (MPBD), (N-triethoxysilylpropyl)O polyethylene oxide urethane (MPEOU) and trimethoxysilylpropyl substituted polyethyleneimine (MPEI). Characterization of dielectric constant and tan δ of the films has been carried out over a range of frequency from 500 Hz to 100 kHz; and the results are used to consider the potential of Polycerams as dielectric materials.

scholarly journals Design of PCB Impedance Matching Inductors and Antennas for Single-Chip Communication Systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chung ◽  
S. Hamedi-Hagh
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Matching Network

This paper presents the design of an inductor and an antenna for a portable device with GPS and FM capabilities. The inductor is designed to operate at the lower frequency FM band as part of a matching network and the antenna is designed to operate at the higher frequency GPS L1 band. The FR4 PCB used has a thickness of 1.6 mm with a dielectric constant of 3.8 and has two metallization layers. The inductor is designed with 1.5 mm trace width, 3.5 turns, and has a dimension of 14.5 mm × 14.5 mm. It has an inductance of 95 nH, a resistance of 2.9 Ω, a self-resonance frequency of 500 MHz, and a maximum Q of 51 from 100 MHz to 200 MHz (FM band). The antenna has a dimension of 49 mm × 36 mm and is designed to operate at 1.5754 GHz L1 band. It also has a return loss of −36 dB and a measured bandwidth of 250 MHz.

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