scholarly journals An Economic Penalty Scheme for Optimal Parking Lot Utilization with EV Charging Requirements

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6155
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Shi ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Zihang Liang ◽  
Kwang Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Public Area ◽  
Ev Charging ◽  
Parking Facilities ◽  
Penalty Strategy ◽  
Operation And Management

In the parking lots of public commercial areas, such as shopping malls, hospitals, and scenic spots, the parking spaces with electric vehicle (EV) charging facilities are often occupied by ordinary cars. How to regulate the parking order in the parking lot is a key issue in the operation and management of the parking facilities. In this paper, a method of assessing parking fees for vehicles parked at the charging facilities is proposed based on an economic penalty strategy, including fixed-penalty and dynamic-penalty strategies. First, a traffic flow model of the parking lot in public area is established. Then, a price and consumption model of parking fees and parking lot utilization is established, along with different penalty strategies. Finally, taking the parking lot of a shopping mall as an example, the penalty strategies are optimized through particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The simulation results show that the method proposed can help to improve the utilization of EV charging facilities in parking lots and guide the orderly parking and charging of EVs at the same time.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PARKING FEASIBILITY CAPACITY AT LANDUNGSARI MARKET, DAU DISTRICT, MALANG REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Rifky Aldila P. ◽  
Andy Kristafi A.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Parking Facilities

Landungsari Market is one of the traditional markets built by the local village government to accelerate the village economy. Previously, Landungsari Market was a temporary market but with an increase in sellers who were moved from the original Merjosari market so that the local government made the Landungsari market a permanent market today. With the increasing number of seller stalls in the Landungsari market, the parking lot in the Landungsari market has decreased so that it demands the possibility of illegal parking occurs in some areas of the market. The research objective was to determine the characteristics of parking, parking feasibility, and parking solutions. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The results obtained in this study are the number of parking spaces is still less than the number of parking vehicles, namely for two-wheeled parking lots, the parking needs exceed the normal capacity, while the average motorbike parking space unit is 129 parking spaces and the average The car park space unit is 11 parking spaces, so with this condition, it is deemed inappropriate parking facilities and additional parking lots to increase the parking capacity of vehicles, especially for two-wheeled vehicles

scholarly journals Underground Parking Lot Navigation System Using Long-Term Evolution Signal

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Beomju Shin ◽  
Jung Ho Lee ◽  
Changsu Yu ◽  
Chulki Kim ◽  
Taikjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Parking Lot

Some of the shopping malls, airports, hospitals, etc. have underground parking lots where hundreds of vehicles can be parked. However, first-time visitors find it difficult to determine their current location and need to keep moving the vehicle to find an empty parking space. Moreover, they need to remember the parked location, and find a nearby staircase or elevator to move toward the destination. In such a situation, if the user location can be estimated, a new navigation system can be offered, which can assist users. This study presents an underground parking lot navigation system using long-term evolution (LTE) signals. As the proposed system utilizes LTE network signals for which the infrastructure is already installed, no additional infrastructure is required. To estimate the location of the vehicle, the signal strength of the LTE signal is accumulated, and the location of the vehicle is estimated by comparing it with the previously stored database of the LTE received signal strength (RSS). In addition, the acceleration and gyroscope sensors of a smartphone are used to improve the vehicle position estimation performance. The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by conducting an experiment in a large shopping-mall underground parking lot where approximately 500 vehicles can be parked. From the results of the experiment, an error of less than an average of 10 m was obtained, which shows that seamless navigation is possible using the proposed system even in an environment where GNSS does not function.

scholarly journals AIR POLLUTION AT PARKING‐LOTS OF VILNIUS

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrenas ◽  
Danguole Kaziukoniene ◽  
Mindaugas Kvasauskas
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Parking Facilities

The expansion of Vilnius creates the need for the installation of new parking facilities. This problem could be solved by establishing guarded parking‐lots or modern underground and multi‐storey garages, in order to economize useful land and comply with the requirements of environmentalists. Investigation was carried out on parking‐lots of Vilnius. All the guarded parking‐lots are divided into three types in accordance with the size of the lot and the type of vehicles parked on it. Measurements were carried out at a lot of each type. The concentrations of hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and dust were measured. Guarded parking‐lots located at the crossroad of Ateities and L. Giros streets, on Architektu and Č. Sugiharos streets were selected for the investigation. The parking‐lot located at the crossroad of Ateities and L. Giros streets had the highest concentration of nitric oxide overrunning the permitted concentration up to 1,9 times. Besides, the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons also overran the permitted norms. The lowest concentrations were found after measuring dust concentration in the air.

A Preliminary Study on Saving Parking Lot

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3628-3631
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Wei Xian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Preliminary Study

Along with the development of society and the popularity of private cars, more and more parking lots are to be needed. Consequently, large sized parking lots will be built in many cities. But the traditional parking lots were paved by a large area of concrete. So much concrete will be bound to create heat pollution. Meanwhile, a large area of parking lot occupies mass openspace. The existing parking lots lead to a waste of resources. This paper introduces a new term of saving parking lot and presents some key principles that stem from a wide range of contributions. The newfashioned parking lot may also give rise to the sustainable development.

Study on Location Planning of Regional Parking

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1748-1752
Author(s):  
Xin Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Location Planning ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
The City

Parking difficulty is being a highlighted problem in nowadays' cities. As a reality of planning of parking lots in Chinese cities are later than other countries, and also parking lot planning are based on city blueprint and needs of parking places, as well as limit of making parking lot plan, we can make a model on planning and choosing parking lot fields to find the most suitable scheme. Thus it can bring the greatest benefit to the whole area in the city, and also make a reference to planning of the parking lot construction in area.

scholarly journals Energy Trading with Electric Vehicles in Smart Campus Parking Lots

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Young-Chon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Energy Trading ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Demand Information ◽  
Knapsack Algorithm

Energy trading with electric vehicles provides opportunities to eliminate the high peak demand for electric vehicle charging while providing cost saving and profits for all participants. This work aims to design a framework for local energy trading with electric vehicles in smart parking lots where electric vehicles are able to exchange energy through buying and selling prices. The proposed architecture consists of four layers: the parking energy layer, data acquisition layer, communication network layer, and market layer. Electric vehicles are classified into three different types: seller electric vehicles (SEVs) with an excess of energy in the battery, buyer electric vehicles (BEVs) with lack of energy in the battery, and idle electric vehicles (IEVs). The parking lot control center (PLCC) plays a major role in collecting all available offer/demand information among parked electric vehicles. We propose a market mechanism based on the Knapsack Algorithm (KPA) to maximize the PLCC profit. Two cases are considered: electric vehicles as energy sellers and the PLCC as an energy buyer, and electric vehicles as energy buyers and the PLCC as an energy seller. A realistic parking pattern of a parking lot on a university campus is considered as a case study. Different scenarios are investigated with respect to the number of electric vehicles and amount of energy trading. The proposed market mechanism outperforms the conventional scheme in view of costs and profits.

scholarly journals STUDI PERAMBATAN KESALAHAN SISTEMATIS LUAS LAHAN PARKIR KAMPUS MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN LUAS SEGITIGA SEMBARANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Hendro Supratikno ◽  
David Premana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Error ◽  
Error Propagation ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Data Error ◽  
Definition Of

Parking is a condition of not moving a vehicle that is temporary because it was abandoned by the driver. Included in the definition of parking is every vehicle that stops at certain places whether stated by traffic signs or not, and not solely for the benefit of raising and / or lowering people and / or goods.Campus 3 Lumajang State Community Academy has facilities and infrastructure prepared by the Lumajang Regency government. However, the parking lots provided cannot accommodate vehicles optimally because of the ratio of the number of vehicles and the area of the parking area that is not appropriate. This is because the area of the parking lot is not analyzed by data error when measuring.Each measurement data is assumed to have errors both systematic errors, random errors, and large errors (blunders), so that in the measurement of parking lots certainly there are errors. From this the authors intend to conduct research to find out how the propagation of systematic errors and the large systematic errors of the area of campus parking lot 3 Lumajang Community Academy.The methods used in this study include preparing materials and tools, making land sketches, decomposing them, determining distances using theodolite, determining land area equations, and finding systematic error propagation. So that the final goal in this study is to find large systematic errors in the parking area of Campus 3 of the Lumajang State Community Academy

scholarly journals Attitude Towards Shopping Mall Purchasing Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-228
Author(s):  
Raju Bhai Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Consume attitude is multidimensional and it has been one of the main concepts used to explain individual differences. This study aims to examine the relationship between overall attitude and shopping mall purchasing behavior and impact of advertising and purpose to visit on shopping mall purchasing behavior in Nepalese consumers. The present study is descriptive and analytical in nature. Structured questionnaire technique under survey approach was applied for collecting primary data with five point Likert scale questionnaire. The population of this study targeted the consumers of shopping malls in Kathmandu valley. The sample size has been derived for unknown population that is 384. The judgmental sampling technique was used in this research to make this study more inclusive and representatives. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (correlation analysis and regression analysis) have been used to analyze the data. It is found that there is strong association between shopping mall purchase behavior and overall consumer attitude. The study found that purpose to visit has impact on shopping mall purchase behavior. The study also found that advertisement has no significant impact on shopping mall purchase behavior.

scholarly journals Smart Parking Guidance System on IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2793-2798 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Video Processing ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Haar Cascade

Nowadays, smart parking guidance system is a crucial research for people’s convenience where the integrating concept of IoT that include hardware and software with the connection of internet for image or video processing technology is a powerful application which made up a complete smart parking system. The main objective of this research is to develop and analyze on a smart parking guidance system where current available system was compared to this new proposed system. Limited parking space has become serious issue since the number of Malaysia’s populations are using car keep increasing. Some of the big companies, shopping malls and other public facilities already deployed a smart parking system on their building. However, there are still a lot of buildings that do not own it because the system required a lot of investment, where the huge parking areas need higher cost to install sensors on each parking lot available and cameras are costly and lower in reliability. The proposed smart parking guidance system in this research was depending on a 360° camera that was modified on Raspberry Pi camera module and 360o lens that process with De-Warping techniques for the normal view rather than 360-degree view and Haar-Cascade classifier. The image and video processing was done by Open CV and python program to detect the available parking space and cloud firebase was used to update data where users can access the parking space availability by android mobile phone specifically at a closed parking space. A single 360°camera was replaced several sensors and cameras which were implemented on traditional parking guidance system. In the end of the paper, it is proved that prototype based smart parking is the convenient way to find the parking space availability.

scholarly journals Metodología para la rehabilitación de grandes centros comerciales

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Carretero Monteagudo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Low Density ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
The City

El estudio de las características urbanas y arquitectónicas, y las posibles medidas de rehabilitación para los centros comerciales de gran tamaño, fueron el punto de partida para evaluar la sostenibilidad medioambiental y urbana de los mismos. En la presente tesis, se desarrolló una metodología de evaluación de cara al análisis de las medidas de rehabilitación que pudieran aplicarse sobre un centro comercial. Se consideraron cuatro familias de medidas: Rehabilitación ecoeficiente, inserción de elementos verdes, inserción de usos en el centro, y una familia de medidas de rehabilitación aplicadas sobre el entorno urbano. Ocho casos de centros comerciales fueron analizados: tres en el contexto urbano de Sao Paulo, tres en el contexto urbano de Madrid, y tres en el contexto de la Norteamérica suburbana. El resultado del estudio permitió establecer un criterio para orientar las operaciones de rehabilitación de centros comerciales hacia ciertos ámbitos de la sostenibilidad. Las conclusiones finales del estudio fueron que es importante considerar varias medidas de rehabilitación de forma simultánea, a la vez que considerar en la escala urbana global para lograr una mejora relevante de cara a la sostenibilidad. Esto último especialmente en centros comerciales ubicados en entornos periféricos de baja densidad. Abstract. The studio of both the urban and architectural features, as well as the retrofitting means of application on a shopping mall, was the parting point to evaluate the sustainability of large surface shopping malls. A methodology to evaluate the efficacy of the retrofitting means of application on malls was developed, considering four families of retrofitting means: Eco efficient refurbishment, insertion of green elements, insertion of uses, and a family of retrofitting means applied in the urban area surrounding the mall. Eight cases were analyzed: Three located in the urban background of the city of Sao Paulo, Three located in Madrid, and two located in the background of the Suburban U.S.A. The result of this study was the establishment of criteria to focus the operations of any retrofitting program applied on a shopping mall towards some facts related to sustainability. Being the final conclusions, the affirmation that is important to consider various means of retrofitting simultaneously on the shopping mall, as well as to consider the wide urban scale to be retrofitted, in order to achieve a relevant improvement towards sustainability. Specially in cases of shopping malls located in low density suburban areas.

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