scholarly journals Comparison of the Consumption of N-3 and N-6 Acids by Adults Following a Vegetarian and Traditional Diet

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Marcin Lukasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Filipiak-Florkiewicz ◽  
Adam Florkiewicz ◽  
Kinga Topolska ◽  
Gabriela Zięć ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
Traditional Diet ◽  
Reverse Tendency ◽  
Traditional Diets ◽  
Better Than

The aim of this study was to compare the consumption of n-3 and n-6 acids by adults using a vegetarian and traditional diet. The study was conducted on a group of 170 adults (18–50 years old), including 94 respondents following a traditional diet (56 women and 38 men) and 76 people following a vegetarian diet (52 women and 24 men). The research used the method of a 24-h interview conducted four days a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Sunday). The record included the quantity and quality of individual meals and drinks. The study showed that people consuming traditional diets fulfilled the demand for the fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to a significantly higher degree than people following a vegetarian diet. Men preferring the traditional diet fulfilled the daily requirement for DHA and EPA acids significantly better than women. A reverse tendency was found among respondents who consumed a vegetarian diet. The supply of linolenic acid (LA) in the vegetarian diet exceeded the recommended daily amount (especially among men), whereas with the traditional diet it was too low in relation to the recommended values.

scholarly journals Lipids study of Caranx rhonchus in Mauritanian Atlantic

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
A.L. Khalihena Groune ◽  
B. Med Lemine ◽  
E.H. Adnane ◽  
H. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

In order to assess the quantity and quality of lipids in the Caranx rhonchus in Mauritanian Atlantic, we carried out analytical studies (FTIR-ATR analysis and chromatographic analysis) of lipids and fatty acids. The results revealed that the studied samples are generally rich in lipids: 11, 39 and 31, 49%. The fatty acids of the lipids of the samples studied are subdivided into three essential groups: polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids. The results showed that the Caranx rhonchus in Mauritanian Atlantic is very rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, palmitoleic acid and vaccenic acid) in comparison with the polyunsaturated (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) and saturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Marine Remize ◽  
Yves Brunel ◽  
Joana L. Silva ◽  
Jean-Yves Berthon ◽  
Edith Filaire
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Food And Feed

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties. For these reasons, they are receiving more and more attention in recent years, especially future food or feed development. EPA and DHA come mainly from marine sources like fish or seaweed. Unfortunately, due to global warming, these compounds are becoming scarce for humans because of overfishing and stock reduction. Although increasing in recent years, aquaculture appears insufficient to meet the increasing requirements of these healthy molecules for humans. One alternative resides in the cultivation of microalgae, the initial producers of EPA and DHA. They are also rich in biochemicals with interesting properties. After defining macro and microalgae, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on n-3 PUFAs regarding health benefits and the challenges surrounding their supply within the environmental context. Microalgae n-3 PUFA production is examined and its synthesis pathways are discussed. Finally, the use of EPA and DHA in food and feed is investigated. This work aims to define better the issues surrounding n-3 PUFA production and supply and the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of compounds to enhance the food and feed of the future.

Lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from winterized fish oil Esterificación catalítica de glicerol con ácidos grasos 3-n poliinsaturados de aceite de pescado

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.J. Robles ◽  
H.S. García ◽  
J.A. Monroy ◽  
O. Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Menhaden Oil ◽  
Glyceride Synthesis ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

Menhaden oil was hydrolyzed using a lipase from Pseudomonas sp. The hydrolysate was cold frac tionated at-72°C. Glyceride synthesis was performed using the same lipase under different reaction environments. The best conditions for the esterification reaction were 39 °C for 18 h in a reaction mixture containing anhydrous glycerol, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) enriched solution (2% lipids in hexane), hexane, and phosphate buffer-lipase solution (1% w/v). Product composition was 81.33% triacylglycerides and 18.67% of free fatty acids (w/w). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accounted for 36.18% of the esterified fatty acids, of which 58% was EPA and 42% was DHA. This method offers an alternative to produce glycerides rich in n-3 PUFA.

scholarly journals Changes in fatty acid levels (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefania Aparicio ◽  
Carla Martín-Grau ◽  
Carmen Hernández-Martinez ◽  
Nuria Voltas ◽  
Josefa Canals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Total N

Abstract Background During pregnancy a high amount of fatty acids (FA) is necessary to meet foetus demands, which vary during gestation. The present study describes the changes in maternal fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy in a sample of pregnant women. Methods This is a longitudinal study of 479 pregnant women who were monitored from the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy. Data on maternal characteristics were recorded and a serum sample was collected in each trimester. The fatty acid profile (saturated (SFA: total, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid), monounsaturated (MUFA: total, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA: total omega-6 (n-6), linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), total omega-3 (n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was analysed with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combination. Results From the first trimester to third trimester of pregnancy, a significant increase in total SFA, total MUFA and total n-6 PUFA was found. (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the serum concentration of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and total n-3 PUFA decreased during gestation (p < 0.001). A statistically non-significant result was observed for the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) serum concentration between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Significant correlations were observed between each total fatty acid concentrations of the first and third trimesters. Conclusion The circulating serum concentration of SFA, MUFA and n-6 PUFA increases during pregnancy, whereas essential fatty acids such as AA and EPA decrease, and DHA remains unchanged. Further research is necessary to understand the role played by FA throughout gestation.

Recent progress on immobilization technology in enzymatic conversion of marine by-products to concentrated omega-3 fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Deepika Dave
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Enzymatic Conversion ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Immobilization Technology ◽  
By Products

Marine by-products (heads, frames, trimmings, viscera, skin and scales) have been extensively investigated as sources of marine omega-3 fatty acids (mainly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Traditionally, extraction of fish...

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Fatty Acids Containing Natural and Commercial Diets on Larvae Rearing of the Green Mud Crab Scylla Paramamosain (Estampador 1949)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
M. L. Islam ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
K. Yahya ◽  
R. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Commercial Diets

Effect of essential fatty acids (EFA) on growth and survival of the green mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) larvae was assessed by feeding with natural to commercial diets. The feeding schemes were: larvae reared with Artemia (T1); larvae initially fed with rotifers (up to Z2) and ended (Z3 to megalopa) with Artemia (T2); and larvae fed with rotifers up to Z2 and ended (Z3 to megalopa) with commercial diet (T3). The commercial diet had significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (11.23%), ?n-3’s (15.90%) and ?n-6’s (4.21%); and lacked in eicosapentaenoic acid (2.25%) than rotifer and Artemia. The earliest commencement of megalopa stage within 15 days with significantly (p<0.05) higher larval stage index (LSI) of 5.90±0.17 was achieved from the feeding scheme of T2 than other two feeding schemes. This feeding scheme deposited 17.32±0.19% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 3.82±0.11% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); the ?n-3 to ?n-6 ratio of 0.20 and EPA to DHA ratio of 0.22 in megalopa, that stimulated significantly higher (p<0.05) megalopa survival (20.00±6.96%) indicating the superiority over rest feeding schemes. Meanwhile, some deformities and mortalities in Z5 and megalopa stages suggested further studies for optimization of specific fatty acid requirements for late larval stages (Z5 and megalopa).

scholarly journals Ova Fatty Acids Composition and Spawning Performances of Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Morocco)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 879-888
Author(s):  
Fatima-Zahra Majdoubi ◽  
Redouane Benhima ◽  
Anouar Ouizgane ◽  
Sana Farid ◽  
Mohammed Droussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study is performed in order to determine the relationship between fatty acid (FA) profile of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) eggs and fertilization success, embryos viability and larval production. Mature unfertilized ova were collected during the reproductive season from 23 mature and healthy females, reared in Deroua fish farm (Morocco). Total lipids were extracted from ova sample and subjected to trans-esterification then the resulting fatty acids methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). The results showed that silver carp ova are dominated on total FA by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (21.21%) followed by oleic acid (21.07%), palmitic acid (17.71%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (10.25%). During the breeding season, polyunsaturateds (PUFAs), monounsaturateds (MUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) didn’t show any significant difference. Moreover, within the PUFAs, the n-3 series were more abundant than the n-6 series, the total mean was 31.57 ± 1.01% and 5.33 ± 0.32%, respectively. No correlation was between fatty acids and the fertilization success. Maternal weight has effect on the levels of oleic acid (C18:1), arachidonic acid (C20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) in the egg whereas levels of palmetoleic acid (C16:1), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) are related to female age.

scholarly journals 338 Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on placenta and fetal liver mRNA, and fetal liver and brain fatty acids profile on early gestation in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
Jose Alejandro Roque ◽  
Mario Francisco Oviedo ◽  
Hector Aaron Lee ◽  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Mrna Concentration

Abstract Polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in late gestation change offspring metabolism; however, their effect is not well known on early gestation in ewes. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in pregnant ewes on the concentration of EPA and DHA on fetal liver (FL) and fetal central nervous system (FCNS), and to evaluate the effect of the supplementation with EPA+ DHA on mRNA expression of genes associated with transport and metabolism of fatty acids (FA) in FL and placenta (caruncles and cotyledons). Twelve ewes (4 pens, three per pen) were blocked by pregnancy day. The ewes were assigned during the first 45 d of gestation to diet with an addition of 1.5% (dry matter bases) monounsaturated FA (MUFA) or EPA+DHA. A C-section was conducted at d 45 of gestation to collect FL, FCNS, caruncle and cotyledon. Data were analyzed using a mixed procedure (SAS). For the placenta mRNA concentration, a 2x2 factorial was used considering caruncle and cotyledon as the second main factor. Isomers of C18:1 (t6,8 and t12) increase (P < 0.05) in FL and FCNS with MUFA supplementation, fatty acids C20:3 (n-6), C20:3 (n-3), C22:1, C22:5 and C22:6 increase (P < 0.05) in FL and FCNS with EPA+DHA supplementation. In FL there was a tendency to increase for mRNA expression of FATP-1 (P = 0.10) with EPA+DHA supplementation, while mRNA concentration for LPL was greater (P = 0.02) for MUFA supplementation. In placenta DNMT3b and FFAR-4 showed a significant FA x tissue interaction (P < 0.05). These results suggest that FA supplementation during early gestation alters the FA profile in FL and FCNS and changed mRNA concentration of genes involved in the transport of FA and cell metabolism.

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