scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Groundwater Hydrochemistry through Integrated Multivariate Analysis: A Case Study in the Urbanized Langat Basin, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5733
Author(s):  
Nur Fatihah Mohamad Zainol ◽  
Azim Haziq Zainuddin ◽  
Ley Juen Looi ◽  
Ahmad Zaharin Aris ◽  
Noorain Mohd Isa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry

Rapid urbanization and industrial development in the Langat Basin has disturbed the groundwater quality. The populations’ reliance on groundwater sources may induce possible risks to human health such as cancer and endocrine dysfunction. This study aims to determine the groundwater quality of an urbanized basin through 24 studied hydrochemical parameters from 45 groundwater samples obtained from 15 different sampling stations by employing integrated multivariate analysis. The abundance of the major ions was in the following order: bicarbonate (HCO3−) > chloride (Cl−) > sodium (Na+) > sulphate (SO42−) > calcium (Ca2+) > potassium (K+) > magnesium (Mg2+). Heavy metal dominance was in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > As > Hg > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Se > Sr. Classification of the groundwater facies indicated that the studied groundwater belongs to the Na-Cl with saline water type and Na-HCO3 with mix water type characteristics. The saline water type characteristics are derived from agricultural activities, while the mixed water types occur from water–rock interaction. Multivariate analysis performance suggests that industrial, agricultural, and weathering activities have contributed to groundwater contamination. The study will help in the understanding of the groundwater quality issue and serve as a reference for other basins with similar characteristics.

Influences of natural and anthropogenic processes on the groundwater quality in the Dagujia River Basin in Yantai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henghua Zhu ◽  
Jianwei Zhou ◽  
Tingting Song ◽  
Haibo Feng ◽  
Zhizheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Natural Processes

Abstract Groundwater plays an important role in water supply and economic development for Yantai city, China. However, the groundwater quality has degraded due to the increase and expansion of agricultural and industrial development. It is urgent to acquire groundwater characteristics and distinguish impacts of natural factors and anthropogenic activities on the groundwater quality. Forty-six groundwater samples collected from different wells showed a great variation of chemical components across the study area. Most wells with higher total dissolved solids, total hardness, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl− and SO42− concentrations were located relatively close to the coastal zone. The factor analysis (FA) and hierarchical cluster analysis results displayed that seawater intrusion was the primary mechanism controlling the groundwater quality in the coastal areas. A three-factor model was proposed based on the FA and explained over 85% of the total groundwater quality variation: Factor 1, the seawater intrusion; Factor 2, the water–rock interaction and Factor 3 (NO3−), the human activities. Furthermore, the geographical maps of the factor scores clearly described the spatial distributions of wells affected by natural processes or human activities. The study indicated that both natural processes and human activities are the major factors affecting the chemical compositions of groundwater.

scholarly journals Comparison of monsoon variations over groundwater hydrochemistry changes in small Tropical Island and its repercussion on quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 6405-6440 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Isa ◽  
A. Z. Aris ◽  
W. N. A. Wan Sulaiman ◽  
A. P. Lim ◽  
L. J. Looi
Keyword(s):  
Major Ions ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Ionic Ratio ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽  
Many Sources

Abstract. Study on the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater hydrochemistry in the small tropical islands is important as their insular character may expose the groundwater aquifer to too many sources of pollution, especially salinization. A total of 216 groundwater samples were collected from the monitoring boreholes during two different monsoon seasons; pre- and post-monsoon. As overall, data of groundwater concentration illustrated a trend of Ca > Na > Mg > K and HCO3 > Cl > SO4 dominations with the major finding of two different groundwater types. Pre-monsoon reported Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 types while post-monsoon were only dominated by the Ca-HCO3 type. The statistical analysis shows the in situ parameters (Temp, pH, EC, Salinity, DO, TDS and Eh) and major ions (Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl and SO4) were strongly correlated with the monsoon changes (p < 0.01). From the analysis, its reveals that the seasonal changes have significantly affects the groundwater composition. While, the analytical calculations of the ionic ratio (Na vs. Cl; Cl/HCO3 vs. Cl; Ca + Mg vs. SO4 + HCO3) describes the groundwater is influenced by the cation exchanges processes, simple mixing and water–rock interaction. Saturation indices of carbonate minerals shows strong correlationship (p < 0.01) with Ca constituent indicating solubility on minerals, which led to dissolution or precipitation condition of water. Results of present study contribute to a better understanding of a complex groundwater system and the hydrochemical processes related.

scholarly journals Integration of multivariate statistics and water quality indices to evaluate groundwater quality and its suitability in middle Gangetic floodplain, Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Govind Bhatt ◽  
Anand Kumar ◽  
Priya Ranjan Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Group 2

AbstractThis study is conducted along the middle Gangetic floodplain, to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and suitability of groundwater for irrigation and human consumptions. Altogether 65 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major ions and water quality parameters. pH of all the samples except 1 is found > 7, which suggests alkaline aquifer condition. Groundwater samples predominately belong to Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type followed by Na-HCO3, Mg-HCO3 and Mg-SO4 water types. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) combines groundwater into two distinct groups, Group 1 is found as less mineralized as the average EC value is found 625.3 μS/cm, while it is found 1375 μS/cm for Group 2. The results of correlation analysis and PCA suggest influence of natural and anthropogenic activities on groundwater. PCA extracts four major PCs which describes 71.7% of total variance. PC1 indicates influence of both lithogenic and anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality. PC2 and PC3 infer natural factors, and PC4 suggests influence of anthropogenic activities on groundwater. Exceeding concentration of F−, Fe and Mn above WHO guidelines are found as major public health concern. WQI of all except 4 groundwater samples suggests excellent to good water quality; however, 23% of the samples are not suitable based on WPI values. Irrigation indices suggest that groundwater is mostly suitable for irrigation; however, 10.7%, 12.3% and 3% samples for RSBC, MAR and KR, respectively, exceed the recommended limits and are unsuitable for irrigation. A proper management strategy and quality assurance is recommended before groundwater consumption and use in the study area.

scholarly journals The Hydrochemistry of Groundwater in Jambakan, Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Ekha Yogafanny ◽  
Ardian Novianto ◽  
Rika Ernawati ◽  
Wibiana Wulan Nandari
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Hydrochemical Facies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Central Java Province

Jambakan is a hamlet in Bayat District, Central Java Province, Indonesia, which commonly has brackish groundwater. Its unique geological profile leads to variation in groundwater quality that is even found between adjacent wells. This study was designed to identify the quality and hydrochemical type of groundwater and the distribution of brackish groundwater in Jambakan. It employed a quantitative method to analyzethe data collected in the field survey and groundwater quality data (major ions). Meanwhile, the hydrochemical facies of groundwater was interpreted from the plots of major ions on trilinear and quadrilateral Piper diagrams. The results showed that some of the groundwater quality parameters in six wells, namely A6, A34, A38, A65, A67, and A73, had exceeded the standard thresholds. The parameters in question were TDS, EC, salinity, sodium, calcium, chloride, sulfate, magnesium, and hardness. Compared with the six wells, A40 and A45 had better quality. The distribution of brackish groundwater could not be modeled horizontally because salinity highly depends on rock layers where the observed wells are located. Based on the trilinear Piper plots, the groundwater consisted of four hydrochemical facies, namely magnesium bicarbonate, a mixed type, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride. Meanwhile, the quadrilateral Piper diagrams showed the presence of Type I (bicarbonate water), Type II (semi-bicarbonate water), Type III (evaporite water), and Type IVb-IVc (sulfate water) in the groundwater of Jambakan Hamlet.

Limnological characteristics, community metabolism and management strategies of a coastal sinkhole in Cuba (Cenote Jennifer)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Roberto González-De Zayas ◽  
Liosban Lantigua Ponce de León ◽  
Liezel Guerra Rodríguez ◽  
Felipe Matos Pupo ◽  
Leslie Hernández-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Community Metabolism ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Made In ◽  
Limnological Parameters

The Cenote Jennifer is an important and unique aquatic sinkhole in Cayo Coco (Jardines del Rey Tourist Destination) that has brackish to saline water. Two samplings were made in 1998 and 2009, and 4 metabolism community experiments in 2009. Some limnological parameters were measured in both samplings (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen major ions, hydrogen sulfide, nutrients and others). Community metabolism was measured through incubated oxygen concentration in clear and dark oxygen bottles. Results showed that the sinkhole limnology depends on rainfall and light incidence year, with some stratification episodes, due to halocline or oxycline presence, rather than thermocline. The sinkhole water was oligotrophic (total nitrogen of 41.5 ± 22.2 μmol l−1 and total phosphorus of 0.3 ± 0.2 μmol l−1) and with low productivity (gross primary productivity of 63.0 mg C m−2 d−1). Anoxia and hypoxia were present at the bottom with higher levels of hydrogen sulfide, lower pH and restricted influence of the adjacent sea (2 km away). To protect the Cenote Jennifer, tourist exploitation should be avoided and more resources to ecological and morphological studies should be allocated, and eventually use this aquatic system only for specialized diving. For conservation purposes, illegal garbage disposal in the surrounding forest should end.

scholarly journals Water Quality and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Some Karst Water Sources in Apuseni Mountains, Romania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia ◽  
Ana Moldovan ◽  
Eniko Kovacs ◽  
Ionut Cornel Mirea ◽  
Marius Kenesz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Apuseni Mountains ◽  
Karst Waters

Human activities and natural factors determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwaters and their use as drinking water. This study assesses the hydrogeochemical characteristics of 14 karst water sources in the Apuseni Mountains (NW Romania) and their potential use as drinking water sources. As shown by the Durov and by the Piper diagrams, the chemical composition of the waters is typical of karst waters as it is dominated by HCO3− and Ca2+, having a circumneutral to alkaline pH and total dissolved solids ranging between 131 and 1092 mg L−1. The relation between the major ions revealed that dissolution is the main process contributing to the water chemistry. Limestone and dolostone are the main Ca and Mg sources, while halite is the main Na and Cl source. The Gibbs diagram confirmed the rock dominance of the water chemistry. The groundwater quality index (GWQI) showed that the waters are of excellent quality, except for two waters that displayed medium and good quality status. The quality of the studied karst waters is influenced by the geological characteristics, mainly by the water–rock interaction and, to a more limited extent, by anthropogenic activities. The investigated karst waters could be exploited as drinking water resources in the study area. The results of the present study highlight the importance of karst waters in the context of good-quality water shortage but also the vulnerability of this resource to anthropogenic influences.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seasonal Groundwater Quality Changes Associated with Groundwater Pumping and Level Fluctuations in an Agricultural Area, Korea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kyoochul Ha ◽  
Eunhee Lee ◽  
Hyowon An ◽  
Sunghyun Kim ◽  
Changhui Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Groundwater Levels

This study was conducted to evaluate seasonal groundwater quality due to groundwater pumping and hydrochemical characteristics with groundwater level fluctuations in an agricultural area in Korea. Groundwater levels were observed for about one year using automatic monitoring sensors, and groundwater uses were estimated based on the monitoring data. Groundwater use in the area is closely related to irrigation for rice farming, and rising groundwater levels occur during the pumping, which may be caused by the irrigation water of rice paddies. Hydrochemical analysis results for two separate times (17 July and 1 October 2019) show that the dissolved components in groundwater decreased overall due to dilution, especially at wells in the alluvial aquifer and shallow depth. More than 50% of the samples were classified as CaHCO3 water type, and changes in water type occurred depending on the well location. Water quality changes were small at most wells, but changes at some wells were evident. In addition, the groundwater quality was confirmed to have the effect of saltwater supplied during the 2018 drought by comparison with seawater. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the water quality from July to October was confirmed to have changed due to dilution, and the effect was strong at shallow wells. In the study areas where rice paddy farming is active in summer, irrigation water may be one of the important factors changing the groundwater quality. These results provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for groundwater quality change in agricultural areas, particularly rice paddies areas, along with groundwater level and usage.

Characterization of groundwater quality in Kinmen Island using multivariate analysis and geochemical modelling

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Wuing Liu ◽  
Cheng-Shin Jang ◽  
Chan-Po Chen ◽  
Chun-Nan Lin ◽  
Kuo-Liang Lou
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Geochemical Modelling

scholarly journals Natural and human-induced factors controlling the phreatic groundwater geochemistry of the Longgang River basin, South China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-219
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Linshen Xie ◽  
Gong Cheng ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Chemical Evolution ◽  
South China ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Ammonia Concentration

AbstractGroundwater chemical evolution is the key to ensuring the sustainability of local society and economy development. In this study, four river sections and 59 groundwater wells are investigated in the Longgang River (L.R.) basin in South China. Comprehensive hydrochemical analysis methods are adopted to determine the dominant factors controlling the chemical evolution of the local phreatic groundwater and the potential impact of human activities on groundwater quality. The results indicate that the ionic composition of the local phreatic groundwater is dominated by Ca2+ (0.9–144.0 mg/L), HCO3− (4.4–280.0 mg/L), and SO42− (1.0–199.0 mg/L). Ca–Mg–HCO3, Ca–Na–HCO3, and Na–Ca–HCO3 are the major groundwater hydrochemical facies. Water–rock interactions, such as the dissolution of calcite and dolomite, are the primary source of the major ions in the local groundwater. Cation-exchange reaction has its effects on the contents of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+. Ammonia concentration of the sampling sections in the L.R. increases from 0.03 to 2.01 mg/L along the flow direction. Groundwater nitrate in the regions of the farmland is attributed to the lowest level of the groundwater quality standards of China, while the same test results are obtained for heavy metals in the industrial park and landfill, suggesting a negative impact of the anthropogenic activities on the local phreatic groundwater quality.

Spatial distribution and hydrochemistry of springs and seepage springs in the Lubuska Upland of western Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Szczucińska
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
River Valleys

The major part of the Polish Plain (central Europe) was shaped during the last glaciation and so far has been considered to be poor in groundwater outflows. The present study aimed to map the groundwater outflows and to analyse their water properties in the Lubuska Upland, western Polish Plain. The mapping of the groundwater outflows was supplemented by hydrochemical analyses (major ions and trace metals) of selected outflows. Altogether, approximately 600 groundwater outflows were recorded, of which 45% were springs. The outflow water discharges ranged from 0.001 to 45 L s−1. Most of them were located at the bottom of the slopes of river valleys. The water was neutral (pH 6.9 to 8.11), with electrical conductivity from 261 to 652 μS cm−1 and average temperature ~10 °C. The most common water type was dominated by bicarbonate, sulphates and calcium ions. The waters often exceeded the quality limits for total Fe and Mn2+. This study revealed that groundwater outflows are a common feature of the areas shaped by former glaciations and are most likely supplied by shallow aquifers.

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