Quantitative Analysis of UV-B Radiation Interception in 3D Plant Structures and Intraindividual Distribution of Phenolic Contents

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) acts as a regulatory stimulus, inducing the dose-dependent biosynthesis of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids at the leaf level. However, the heterogeneity of biosynthesis activation generated within a whole plant is not fully understood until now and cannot be interpreted without quantification of UV-B radiation interception. In this study, we analyzed the spatial UV-B radiation interception of kales (Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala) grown under supplemental UV-B LED using ray-tracing simulation with 3-dimension-scanned models and leaf optical properties. The UV-B-induced phenolic compounds and flavonoids accumulated more, with higher UV-B interception and younger leaves. To distinguish the effects of UV-B energy and leaf developmental age, the contents were regressed separately and simultaneously. The effect of intercepted UV-B on flavonoid content was 4.9-fold that of leaf age, but the effects on phenolic compound biosynthesis were similar. This study confirmed the feasibility and relevance of UV-B radiation interception analysis and paves the way to explore the physical and physiological base determining the intraindividual distribution of phenolic compound in controlled environments.

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Bioactivity of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Strawberry against Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.10.1.27 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Baydaa Hussein ◽

Zainab A. Aldhaher ◽

Shahrazad Najem Abdu-Allah ◽

Adel Hamdan

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Formation Rate ◽

Hydrocarbon Chain ◽

Health Concern ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Phenolic Contents

Background: Biofilm is a bacterial way of life prevalent in the world of microbes; in addition to that it is a source of alarm in the field of health concern. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for all opportunistic infections such as chronic and severe. Aim of this study: This paper aims to provide an overview of the promotion of isolates to produce a biofilm in vitro under special circumstances, to expose certain antibiotics to produce phenotypic evaluation of biofilm bacteria. Methods and Materials: Three diverse ways were used to inhibited biofilm formation of P.aeruginosa by effect of phenolic compounds extracts from strawberries. Isolates produced biofilm on agar MacConkey under certain circumstances. Results: The results showed that all isolates were resistant to antibiotics except sensitive to azithromycin (AZM, 15μg), and in this study was conducted on three ways to detect the biofilm produced, has been detected by the biofilm like Tissue culture plate (TCP), Tube method (TM), Congo Red Agar (CRA). These methods gave a clear result of these isolates under study. Active compounds were analyzed in both extracts by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry which indicate High molecular weight compound with a long hydrocarbon chain. Conclusion: Phenolic compounds could behave as bioactive material and can be useful to be used in pharmaceutical synthesis. Phenolic contents which found in leaves and fruits extracts of strawberries shows antibacterial activity against all strains tested by the ability to reduce the production of biofilm formation rate.

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Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Terpenes from Cannabis sativa L. By-Products: From Conventional to Intensified Processes

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10060942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 942

Author(s):

Emilie Isidore ◽

Hamza Karim ◽

Irina Ioannou

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽

By Products

Cannabis sativa L. is a controversial crop due to its high tetrahydrocannabinol content varieties; however, the hemp varieties get an increased interest. This paper describes (i) the main categories of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, stilbenoids and lignans) and terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) from C. sativa by-products and their biological activities and (ii) the main extraction techniques for their recovery. It includes not only common techniques such as conventional solvent extraction, and hydrodistillation, but also intensification and emerging techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction or supercritical CO2 extraction. The effect of the operating conditions on the yield and composition of these categories of phenolic compounds and terpenes was discussed. A thorough investigation of innovative extraction techniques is indeed crucial for the extraction of phenolic compounds and terpenes from cannabis toward a sustainable industrial valorization of the whole plant.

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The contribution of PIP2-type aquaporins to photosynthetic response to increased vapour pressure deficit

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erab187 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

D Israel ◽

S Khan ◽

C R Warren ◽

J J Zwiazek ◽

T M Robson

Keyword(s):

Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽

Air Humidity ◽

Wild Type ◽

Knockout Mutant ◽

Evaporative Demand ◽

Co2 Transport ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Knockout Mutants ◽

Leaf Level ◽

Low Humidity

Abstract The roles of different plasma membrane aquaporins (PIPs) in leaf-level gas exchange of Arabidopsis thaliana were examined using knockout mutants. Since multiple Arabidopsis PIPs are implicated in CO2 transport across cell membranes, we focused on identifying the effects of the knockout mutations on photosynthesis, and whether they are mediated through the control of stomatal conductance of water vapour (gs), mesophyll conductance of CO2 (gm) or both. We grew Arabidopsis plants in low and high humidity environments and found that the contribution of PIPs to gs was larger under low air humidity when the evaporative demand was high, whereas any effect of lacking PIP function was minimal under higher humidity. The pip2;4 knockout mutant had 44% higher gs than the wild type plants under low humidity, which in turn resulted in an increased net photosynthetic rate (Anet). We also observed a 23% increase in whole-plant transpiration (E) for this knockout mutant. The lack of functional AtPIP2;5 did not affect gs or E, but resulted in homeostasis of gm despite changes of humidity, indicating a possible role in regulating CO2 membrane permeability. CO2 transport measurements in yeast expressing AtPIP2;5 confirmed that this aquaporin is indeed permeable to CO2.

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Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Combination: A Green Strategy to Improve the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10040582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 582

Author(s):

Inês Mansinhos ◽

Sandra Gonçalves ◽

Raquel Rodríguez-Solana ◽

José Luis Ordóñez-Díaz ◽

José Manuel Moreno-Rojas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted

The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) on the extraction of phenolic compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco, on the antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase (Tyr) inhibitory capacities. Ten different NADES were used in this research and compared with conventional solvents. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 60 min proved to be the best extraction condition, and proline:lactic acid (1:1) and choline chloride:urea (1:2) extracts showed the highest total phenolic contents (56.00 ± 0.77 mgGAE/gdw) and antioxidant activity [64.35 ± 1.74 mgTE/gdw and 72.13 ± 0.97 mgTE/gdw in 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2.2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, respectively]. These extracts also exhibited enzymes inhibitory capacity particularly against Tyr and AChE. Even so, organic acid-based NADES showed to be the best extractants producing extracts with considerable ability to inhibit enzymes. Twenty-four phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-HRMS, being rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid and salvianolic acid B the major compounds. The results confirmed that the combination of UAE and NADES provide an excellent alternative to organic solvents for sustainable and green extraction, and have huge potential for use in industrial applications involving the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants.

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Compared Phenolic Compound Contents of 22 Commercial Fruit and Vegetable Juices: Relationship to Ex-Vivo Vascular Reactivity and Potential In Vivo Projection

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9020092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexis Matute ◽

Jessica Tabart ◽

Jean-Paul Cheramy-Bien ◽

Bernard Pirotte ◽

Claire Kevers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Clinical Investigation ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Fruit Juices ◽

Organ Bath ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Total Anthocyanin

The real impact of polyphenol-rich vegetable and fruit juice intake on cardiovascular health remains a matter of controversy. In the present study, rat aorta segments immersed in an organ bath (OB) were used to explore whether the total polyphenol content and/or individual phenolic compound contents of 22 commercial vegetable (n = 3) and fruit juices [(citrus (n = 5), berries (n = 10), apple (n = 2), pineapple (n = 2)] might be associated with vascular tone. Red juices (particularly blackcurrant) and lemon juice caused the most marked vasorelaxation, its amplitude being endothelium dependent or not according to the volume ratio of juice to initial OB solution Vjuice/VOBS). At volume ratios 5% and 10%, both the juice and OB total polyphenol for all juices and total anthocyanin contents for berry juices significantly correlated with aorta vasorelaxation intensity. This was not the case for total or individual flavonols (except kaempferol) or for total or individual flavanols (except epigallocatechin gallate). If one relates our measured concentrations of individual phenolic compounds in OB to what is known about their physiological concentrations, and given our evidenced correlations between compound concentrations and vasorelaxation intensity, kaempferol, epigallocatechin gallate and peonidin-3-O-glucoside seem to emerge as the interesting phenolic compounds likely to be responsible for the potent vasorelaxation observed with fruit juices, and more particularly blackcurrant ones. Clinical investigation is required, however, to confirm our observations.

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Phytotoxic Activity of Parthenium Against Wheat and Canola Differ With Plant Parts and Bioassays Techniques

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340100002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 11-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. KHALIQ ◽

F ASLAM ◽

A MATLOOB ◽

A JAVAID ◽

A TANVEER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Test Species ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Whole Plant

Phytotoxic effects of invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus were studied by using whole plant, leaf and root aqueous extracts at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% (w/v) concentrations against germination and early seedling growth of wheat and canola. Studies were carried out both in Petri plates with filter paper as substratum placed in controlled conditions and soil-filled plastic pots placed in open environments. Pronounced variation was noted for phytotoxic activity of different plant parts of parthenium, aqueous extract concentrations, test species, and bioassay techniques. Aqueous parthenium extracts either inhibited or delayed the germination and suppressed seedling growth of test species over control. For both test species, all the germination attributes were suppressed to a greater extent in Petri plates than in plastic pots. Leaf extracts were more suppressive to germination of test species than whole plant and root extracts. Increasing extract concentration beyond 2.5% caused significant reduction in seedling dry biomass of both test species. Aqueous parthenium extract diminished chlorophyll contents of wheat and canola by 32-63% and 29 69%, respectively. Nevertheless, an increase of 9-172% and 22-60% in phenolic contents of wheat and canola was recorded. Canola appeared to be more susceptible than wheat at all extract concentrations. Present study concluded that bioassays conducted under controlled condition using filter paper as substratum may be misleading due to over estimation of allelopathic response and variation in potential of receiver and donor species. Furthermore, it implies that threshold concentrations of allelochemicals for test species in Petri plates are rarely reached under field conditions.

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Interspecific variation in total phenolic content in temperate brown algae

Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale ◽

10.4081/jbr.2017.6578 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anna Maria Mannino ◽

Valentina Vaglica ◽

Elisabetta Oddo

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Interspecific Variation ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Cystoseira Compressa ◽

Protection Mechanisms

Marine algae synthesize secondary metabolites such as polyphenols that function as defense and protection mechanisms. Among brown algae, Fucales and Dictyotales (Phaeophyceae) contain the highest levels of phenolic compounds, mainly phlorotannins, that play multiple roles. Four temperate brown algae (Cystoseira amentacea, Cystoseira compressa, Dictyopteris polypodioides and Padina pavonica) were studied for total phenolic contents. Total phenolic content was determined colorimetrically with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Significant differences in total phenolic content were observed between leathery and sheetlike algae and also within each morphological group. Among the four species, the sheet-like alga D. polypodioides, living in the upper infralittoral zone, showed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that total phenolic content in temperate brown algae is influenced by a combination of several factors, such as growth form, depth, and exposition to solar radiation.

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Stimulation of phenolic compounds production in the in vitro cultivated Polyscias filicifolia Bailey shoots and evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of plant extracts

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.3586 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anita Agnieszka Śliwińska ◽

Katarzyna Sykłowska-Baranek ◽

Anita Kośmider ◽

Sebastian Granica ◽

Karolina Miszczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Ferulic Acids

In this study, an efficient method to enhance phenolic compound production in the in vitro cultured shoots of Polyscias filicifolia was developed. The phenolic compound content in P. filicifolia has not yet been reported. Shoots were treated with methyl jasmonate (JM) or salicylic acid (SA) at doses of 50, 100, or 200 µM. HPLC-UV-VIS and LC-MS techniques were used for the determination of chlorogenic, caffeic, and ferulic acids. The total phenolics and flavonoids were quantified, and the antioxidant capacity of plant extracts was determined using DPPH and ABTS methods. Finally, the cytotoxic activity of P. filicifolia extracts in normal (HaCaT) and cancer (A549) cells was investigated. Further, the effect of the extracts on cisplatin cytotoxicity was assessed.The elicitors significantly enhanced phenolic production compared to that in untreated shoots and leaves of intact plants. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant compound with the highest yield of 5.03 ±0.25 mg/g DW after treatment with 50 µM SA. The total flavonoid and phenolic content was significantly and dose-dependently influenced by JM. The highest antioxidant capacity was noted in extracts derived from shoots grown on media supplemented with 50 µM SA and 200 µM JM; these doses were used for further cytotoxic activity investigations. The extracts from JM or SA treatments reduced cancer cell viability and increased their mortality, whereas the extract from JM treatment exhibited protective effect on normal cells. Moreover, the comparison of cytotoxic properties of plant extracts and cisplatin indicated that plant phenolic compounds in combination with anticancer drugs could reduce the detrimental effect of the latter on human cells.

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Phenolic compound, nutritional and antioxidant profile of pollen collected by the genus melipona in North Eastern Brazil

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.1590/1981-6723.07918 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Rosane Gomes de Oliveira ◽

Sona Jain ◽

Lisiane dos Santos Freitas ◽

Edilson Divino de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Cinnamic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Eastern Brazil

Abstract The pollen collected by eusocial bees is often reported as being healthy food due to its important nutritional and therapeutic properties. However, studies reporting such properties are rare, especially for pollen collected by the genus Melipona in northeastern Brazil, which is the focus of this research. Pollen from seven species of stingless bees was analysed for its nutritional composition (sugar, lipid, protein and amino acids). The phenolic compound profile was described based on fourteen phenolic compounds (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringin, rutin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, abscisic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and trans-cinnamic acid). The antioxidant property was analysed by quantifying of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and DPPH. Chromatographic methods were used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and amino acids. The pollen samples from the bees under study showed good concentrations of proteins and amino acids and good antioxidant potential. The phenolic compounds luteolin, trans-cinnamic acid and apigenin were identified and described in pollen for the first time. Of the amino acids analysed, asparigine, glutamic acid, leucine and proline showed the highest concentrations. The research related to the theme showed that this is one of the first studies to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and amino acids in stingless bee pollen, reflecting its importance in therapeutic use and as a food supplement.

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The Potential of Benefiting Variation between the Same Species of Artemisia Herba-alba from Different Location in Northeast of Libya

Journal of Applied Life Sciences International ◽

10.9734/jalsi/2019/v21i230101 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Rania. F. M. Ali ◽

Ahlam K. Alaila ◽

Gebreel. A. A. Aldaaiek

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Total Protein ◽

Mineral Content ◽

The Other ◽

Mineral Analysis ◽

Phenolic Contents

The medicinal plants (Artemisia herba-alba) were subjected to mineral analysis, total protein and the phenolic contents. Couple plants were collected from AL-Gabal AL-Akhder region in Northeast of Libya (Coastal and Desert) Artemisia herba-alba 1 Artemisia herba-alba 2 respectively during November (2018). Results showed that mineral content found to vary significantly. Appreciable amounts of calcium Ca was recorded 84.930 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba 1 while 30 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba 2, potassium (K) was 43.3 and 27.6 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba 1 and Artemisia herba-alba 2 respectively. Meanwhile, Fe was recorded as 0.39, 0.52 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba1 and 2. Level of total protein was 9.95 and 7.79 (mg/g) in Artemisia herba-alba 1 and Artemisia herba-alba 2 respectively. Present study found that the phenolic compounds were determined in both plants with high levels. The available data indicate the two plants were found to contain Alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, sterols/triterpenes, and tannins. However, sterols/ triterpenes and coumarins were found in herba-alba 1 significantly, while Alkaloids, flavonoids, and Saponins found highest in herba-alba 2 compared to herba-alba 1 on the other side the quantity of essential oils was higher in the herba-alba 2.

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