scholarly journals Tissue Regeneration: The Dark Side of Opioids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7336
Author(s):  
Cécile Dromard Berthézène ◽  
Lise Rabiller ◽  
Géraldine Jourdan ◽  
Béatrice Cousin ◽  
Luc Pénicaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
And Function ◽  
Scar Healing ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Opioids are regarded as among the most effective analgesic drugs and their use for the management of pain is considered standard of care. Despite their systematic administration in the peri-operative period, their impact on tissue repair has been studied mainly in the context of scar healing and is only beginning to be documented in the context of true tissue regeneration. Indeed, in mammals, growing evidence shows that opioids direct tissue repair towards scar healing, with a loss of tissue function, instead of the regenerative process that allows for recovery of both the morphology and function of tissue. Here, we review recent studies that highlight how opioids may prevent a regenerative process by silencing nociceptive nerve activity and a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. These data open up new perspectives for inducing tissue regeneration and argue for opioid-restricted strategies for managing pain associated with tissue injury.

scholarly journals Driving regeneration, instead of healing, in adult mammals: the decisive role of resident macrophages through efferocytosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Rabiller ◽  
Virginie Robert ◽  
Adèle Arlat ◽  
Elodie Labit ◽  
Marielle Ousset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Scar Healing

AbstractTissue repair after lesion usually leads to scar healing and thus loss of function in adult mammals. In contrast, other adult vertebrates such as amphibians have the ability to regenerate and restore tissue homeostasis after lesion. Understanding the control of the repair outcome is thus a concerning challenge for regenerative medicine. We recently developed a model of induced tissue regeneration in adult mice allowing the comparison of the early steps of regenerative and scar healing processes. By using studies of gain and loss of function, specific cell depletion approaches, and hematopoietic chimeras we demonstrate here that tissue regeneration in adult mammals depends on an early and transient peak of granulocyte producing reactive oxygen species and an efficient efferocytosis specifically by tissue-resident macrophages. These findings highlight key and early cellular pathways able to drive tissue repair towards regeneration in adult mammals.

scholarly journals Role of Cardiac Macrophages on Cardiac Inflammation, Fibrosis and Tissue Repair

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
William P. Lafuse ◽  
Daniel J. Wozniak ◽  
Murugesan V. S. Rajaram
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cardiac Inflammation ◽  
And Function

The immune system plays a pivotal role in the initiation, development and resolution of inflammation following insult or damage to organs. The heart is a vital organ which supplies nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body. Heart failure (HF) has been conventionally described as a disease associated with cardiac tissue damage caused by systemic inflammation, arrhythmia and conduction defects. Cardiac inflammation and subsequent tissue damage is orchestrated by the infiltration and activation of various immune cells including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, natural killer cells, and T and B cells into the myocardium. After tissue injury, monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes, and function as key regulators of tissue repair, regeneration and fibrosis. Disturbance in resident macrophage functions such as uncontrolled production of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and inefficient generation of an anti-inflammatory response or unsuccessful communication between macrophages and epithelial and endothelial cells and fibroblasts can lead to aberrant repair, persistent injury, and HF. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the role of cardiac macrophages on cardiac inflammation, tissue repair, regeneration and fibrosis.

Lesse Greeke? Homer in Jonson and Shakespeare

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Miola
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Ben Jonson ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Troilus And Cressida ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Love's Labor's Lost ◽  
And Function

Throughout their careers both Jonson and Shakespeare often encountered Homer, who left a deep impress on their works. Jonson read Homer directly in Greek but Shakespeare did not, or if he did, he left no evidence of that reading in extant works. Both Jonson and Shakespeare encountered Homer indirectly in Latin recollections by Vergil, Horace, Ovid and others, in English translations, in handbooks and mythographies, in derivative poems and plays, in descendant traditions, and in plentiful allusions. Though their appropriations differ significantly, Jonson and Shakespeare both present comedic impersonations of Homeric scenes and figures – the parodic replay of the council of the gods (Iliad 1) in Poetaster (1601) 4.5 and the appearance of “sweet warman” Hector (5.2.659) in the Masque of the Nine Worthies (Love's Labor's Lost, 1588–97). Homer's Vulcan and Venus furnish positive depictions of love and marriage in The Haddington Masque (1608) as do his Hector and Andromache in Julius Caesar (1599), which features other significant recollections. Both Jonson and Shakespeare recall Homer to explore the dark side of honor and fame: Circe and Ate supply the anti-masque in the Masque of Queens (1609), and scenes from Chapman's Iliad supply the comical or tragical satire, Troilus and Cressida (c. 1601). Both poets put Homer to abstract and philosophical uses: Zeus's chain and Venus's ceston (girdle), allegorized, appears throughout Jonson's work and function as central symbols in Hymenaei (1606); Homer's depiction of the tension between fate and free will, between the omnipotent gods and willing humans, though mediated, inflects the language and action of Coriolanus (c. 1608). Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare practice a kind of inventive imitatio which, according to classical and neo-classical precept, re-reads classical texts in order to make them into something new.

scholarly journals Repair cell first, then regenerate the tissues and organs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bing Fu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Basic Process ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Healing Tissue ◽  
Organ Repair ◽  
And Function

AbstractWound healing, tissue repair and regenerative medicine are in great demand, and great achievements in these fields have been made. The traditional strategy of tissue repair and regeneration has focused on the level of tissues and organs directly; however, the basic process of repair at the cell level is often neglected. Because the cell is the basic unit of organism structure and function; cell damage is caused first by ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion after severe trauma and injury. Then, damage to tissues and organs occurs with massive cell damage, apoptosis and even cell death. Thus, how to achieve the aim of perfect repair and regeneration? The basic process of tissue or organ repair and regeneration should involve repair of cells first, then tissues and organs. In this manuscript, it is my consideration about how to repair the cell first, then regenerate the tissues and organs.

scholarly journals The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

Tissue engineering in periodontics- A demystifing review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shivani Sachdeva ◽  
Harish Saluja ◽  
Amit Mani ◽  
M.B. Phadnaik
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
And Function

INTRODUCTION: Novel concept known as tissue engineering is for the betterment of human. The use of much advanced molecular science and cell biology in processing the tissues to regenerate even after the loss of inborn tendency of pluripotent cells to multiply is possible by this new therapy. CONTENT: Periodontal tissue regeneration in both height and function is attributed to a complete recovery of the periodontal structures, that is, the formation of alveolar bone, a new connective attachment through collagen fibers as well as functionally oriented on the newly formed cementum is regeneration. Cell based therapies including tissue regeneration is an alternative approach for the regeneration of tissues damaged by disease or trauma. SUMMARY: Though tissue engineering requires the fundamentals of all the three keys namely genomics, proteomics and biometrics to give the solutions to biological problems appearing in dentistry as well as medical sciences.

Resolution of renal inflammation: a new role for NF-κB1 (p50) in inflammatory kidney diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. F429-F439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Panzer ◽  
Oliver M. Steinmetz ◽  
Jan-Eric Turner ◽  
Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger ◽  
Claudia von Ruffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Nuclear Compartment ◽  
Renal Inflammation ◽  
Proinflammatory Gene ◽  
And Function ◽  
Proinflammatory Gene Expression

In renal tissue injury, activation of the transcription factor NF-κB has a central role in the induction of proinflammatory gene expression, which are involved in the development of progressive renal inflammatory disease. The function of NF-κB during the switch from the inflammatory process toward resolution, however, is largely unknown. Therefore, we assessed the time-dependent activation and function of NF-κB in two different models of acute nephritis. Our experiments demonstrate a biphasic activation of NF-κB in the anti-Thy-1 model of glomerulonephritis in rats and the LPS-induced nephritis in mice, with a first peak during the induction phase and a second peak during the resolution period. After induction of glomerular immune injury in rats, predominantly NF-κB p65/p50 heterodimer complexes are shifted to the nucleus whereas during the resolution phase predominantly p50 homodimers could be demonstrated in the nuclear compartment. In addition, we could demonstrate that p50 protein plays a pivotal role in the resolution of LPS-induced renal inflammation since NF-κB p50 knockout mice demonstrate significantly higher chemokine expression, prolonged renal inflammatory cell infiltration with consecutive tissue injury, and reduced survival. In conclusion, our studies indicate that NF-κB subunit p50 proteins have critical in vivo functions in immunologically mediated renal disease by downregulating inflammation during the resolution period.

scholarly journals Pain sensing neurons promote tissue regeneration in adult mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Rabiller ◽  
Elodie Labit ◽  
Christophe Guissard ◽  
Silveric Gilardi ◽  
Bruno P. Guiard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Nociceptive Neurons ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Lower Vertebrates

AbstractTissue repair after injury in adult mammals, usually results in scarring and loss of function in contrast to lower vertebrates such as the newt and zebrafish that regenerate. Understanding the regulatory processes that guide the outcome of tissue repair is therefore a concerning challenge for regenerative medicine. In multiple regenerative animal species, the nerve dependence of regeneration is well established, but the nature of the innervation required for tissue regeneration remains largely undefined. Using our model of induced adipose tissue regeneration in adult mice, we demonstrate here that nociceptive nerves promote regeneration and their removal impairs tissue regeneration. We also show that blocking the receptor for the nociceptive neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibits regeneration, whereas CGRP administration induces regeneration. These findings reveal that peptidergic nociceptive neurons are required for adult mice tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Citrullination regulates wound responses and tissue regeneration in zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netta Golenberg ◽  
Jayne M. Squirrell ◽  
David A. Bennin ◽  
Julie Rindy ◽  
Paige E. Pistono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Efficient Regeneration ◽  
Wound Responses ◽  
Histone Citrullination

AbstractCalcium signaling is an important early step in wound healing, yet how these early signals promote regeneration remains unclear. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), a family of calcium-dependent enzymes, catalyze citrullination, a post-translational modification that alters protein function and has been implicated in autoimmune diseases. We generated a mutation in the single zebrafish ancestral pad gene, padi2, resulting in a loss of detectable calcium-dependent citrullination. The padi2 mutants exhibit impaired resolution of inflammation and regeneration after caudal fin transection. Further, we identified a new subpopulation of cells displaying citrullinated histones within the notochord bead following tissue injury. Citrullination of histones in this region was absent and wound-induced proliferation was perturbed in Padi2-deficient larvae. Taken together, our results show that Padi2 is required for the citrullination of histones within a group of cells in the notochord bead, and for promoting wound-induced proliferation required for efficient regeneration. These findings identify Padi2 as a potential intermediary between early calcium signaling and subsequent tissue regeneration.SummaryGolenberg et al. developed a citrullination-deficient zebrafish and demonstrated a role for Padi2 in fin wound responses and regeneration. This work identified a distinct population of cells within the regenerative notochord bead that exhibited wound-induced histone citrullination.

Overview: Autologous Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrungaro A ◽  
◽  
Scudo F ◽  
Quartarone E ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Tendon Tissue ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
A Cell

The implant of autologous mononuclear cells is an avant-garde method based on the use of a cell population within our body to regenerate tissues that have been damaged by various pathological events. The biological assumption is the richness and complexity of biochemical and cellular phenomena inherent in both organism response to damage and tissue regeneration. The key role is played by the mononuclear phagocyte system which regulates and modulates the activity of mesenchymal stem cells capable of differentiating and providing tissue repair. This system does not only have a traditional “scavenger” function within the immune system, but it is also of central importance in the modulation and activation of the response to tissue damage, be it traumatic, surgical, or degenerative. In this review we summarize the main features of this method and the most common uses in clinical practice where the interest is growing considering both the powerful, rapid and documented regenerative response of the various “target” tissues: vascular, cartilage, bone, muscle and tendon tissue.

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