scholarly journals The Effect of Surface-Modified Gold Nanorods on the Early Stage of Embryonic Development and Angiogenesis: Insight into the Molecular Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11036
Author(s):  
Nouf N. Mahmoud ◽  
Zain Zaki Zakaria ◽  
Hadeel Kheraldine ◽  
Ishita Gupta ◽  
Semir Vranic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Cam Model ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Gold nanorods have been implicated in several biomedical applications. Herein, the effect of two surface-modified gold nanorods on the early stages of embryogenesis and angiogenesis was investigated using avian embryos at three days and their chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) at five days of incubation. We found that gold nanorods (GNR) modified with PEGylated phospholipid moiety show a high mortality rate in embryos after four days of exposure compared to GNR modified with PEGylated cholesterol moiety. Meanwhile, our data revealed that surface modified-GNR significantly inhibit the formation of new blood vessels in the treated CAM model after 48 h of exposure. Moreover, we report that surface-modified GNR significantly deregulate the expression of several genes implicated in cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, cellular energy metabolism, and angiogenesis. On the other hand, our data point out that GNR treatments can modulate the expression patterns of JNK1/2/3, NF-KB/p38, and MAPK, which could be the main molecular pathways of the nanorods in our experimental models.

scholarly journals Targeted labeling of an early-stage tumor spheroid in a chorioallantoic membrane model with upconversion nanoparticles

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1596-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Jasmin A. Holz ◽  
Yadan Ding ◽  
Xiaomin Liu ◽  
Youlin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Model ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles ◽  
Tumor Spheroid ◽  
Cam Model ◽  
Early Stage Tumor

In this work target labeling of an early-stage tumor spheroid is realized in a chick embryo CAM model with monoclonal antibody functionalized upconversion NPs.

scholarly journals Chorioallantoic Membrane Models of Various Avian Species: Differences and Applications

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Barbora Kundeková ◽  
Mariana Máčajová ◽  
Majlinda Meta ◽  
Ivan Čavarga ◽  
Boris Bilčík
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
In Vivo Animal Model ◽  
Cam Model

The chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM) of an avian embryo is used as an experimental model in various fields of research, including angiogenesis research and drug testing, xenografting and cancer research, and other scientific and commercial disciplines in microbiology, biochemistry, cosmetics, etc. It is a low-cost, low-maintenance, and well-available in vivo animal model that is non-sentient and can be used as an alternative for other mammal experimental models. It respects the principles of the “3R” rule (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement)—conditions set out for scientific community providing an essential framework for conducting a more human animal research, which is also in line with constantly raising public awareness of welfare and the ethics related to the use of animal experimental models. In this review, we describe the chorioallantoic membrane of an avian embryo, focusing on its properties and development, its advantages and disadvantages as an experimental model, and the possibilities of its application in various fields of biological research. Since the most common chicken CAM model is already well known and described in many publications, we are particularly focusing on the advantages and application of less known avian species that are used for the CAM model—quail, turkey, and duck.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Carotenoids Accumulation and Biosynthesis in Two Genotypes of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) during Early Fruit Development

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5054
Author(s):  
Yihan Zhao ◽  
Xufeng Yang ◽  
Yuwei Hu ◽  
Qiuming Gu ◽  
Weiling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Carotenogenic Genes ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Β Carotene

Pomelo is rich in bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phenolics and essential oil) in the early stage of fruit development, but it is often wasted in the cultivation and management process. To gain an insight into the carotenoid metabolism pathway in pomelo, the carotenoid profiles and the expression patterns of carotenogenic genes were investigated in two genotypes of pomelo during early fruit development. The results showed that a higher carotenoid content was observed in honey pomelo as compared with golden pomelo, which may be related to different gene regulation mechanisms. Lutein, a-carotene, and β-carotene were the main carotenoids in pomelo young fruit, and lutein was the highest one. The accumulation of carotenoids during fruit early development in honey pomelo is related to the transcriptional regulation of ZISO and LUT5. In golden pomelo, the rate-limiting gene for carotenoids is PDS and ZDS. In addition, the expression of seven genes except CRTISO in honey pomelo was higher than that in golden pomelo. The results are helpful to further clarify the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid accumulation during early fruit development and provide a direction for the high-value utilization of young fruits in pomelo.

scholarly journals Applications of the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane as an Alternative Model for Cancer Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Pei-Yu Chu ◽  
Angele Pei-Fern Koh ◽  
Jane Antony ◽  
Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Cam Model

A variety of in vivo experimental models have been established for the studies of human cancer using both cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). In order to meet the aspiration of precision medicine, the in vivomurine models have been widely adopted. However, common constraints such as high cost, long duration of experiments, and low engraftment efficiency remained to be resolved. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is an alternative model to overcome some of these limitations. Here, we provide an overview of the applications of the chick CAM model in the study of oncology. The CAM model has shown significant retention of tumor heterogeneity alongside increased xenograft take rates in several PDX studies. Various imaging techniques and data analysis have been applied to study tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapeutic response to novel agents. Lastly, to practically illustrate the feasibility of utilizing the CAM model, we summarize the general protocol used in a case study utilizing an ovarian cancer PDX.

scholarly journals Differences in Anthocyanin Accumulation Patterns and Related Gene Expression in Two Varieties of Red Pear

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Jianlong Liu ◽  
Zhiwei Deng ◽  
Hongwei Sun ◽  
Jiankun Song ◽  
Dingli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Bud Sport ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Red pear is a popular fruit that is appreciated for its attractive and distinctive appearance and mild flavor. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the red coloration of pear skin using the ‘Xinqihong’ cultivar—which was selected as a spontaneous bud sport mutant of the ‘Xinli 7′(Pyrus betulifolia Rehd.) variety and has a stronger red color that is retained in the mature fruit—as an experimental model. We compared the phenotype and gene expression patterns of the two varieties and found no significant differences at the early stage of fruit development. However, although the red color of ‘Xinli 7′ fruits began to fade 107 days after full bloom, that of ‘Xinqihong’ fruits persisted until the time of harvest. Transcriptome sequencing identified 639 genes that were differentially expressed between the two varieties, including genes related to light, calcium, and hormone signaling (e.g., PbPIF3, PbGA2ox, and the calmodulin related genes). Moreover, anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were downregulated as the red color of ‘Xinli 7′ fruits faded. These results provide insight into the molecular basis of color differences in red pears that can be useful for improving its fruit quality and commercial value.

Care for delirium superimposed on dementia at an early stage

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Good Care ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Delirium Superimposed On Dementia

Delirium is a common serious complication in dementia that is associated with poor prognosis and a high burden on caregivers and healthcare professionals. Appropriate care is therefore important at an early stage for patients with delirium superimposed on dementia To gain insight into the care of six patients with delirium superimposed on dementia, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted focused on the experiences of caregivers and professionals. The interviews revealed four themes that appeared to play a role: 1. experiences with and views on behavioral problems of these patients, 2. recognition and diagnosis of delirium in dementia, 3. views on good care and 4. organizational aspects. Knowledge gaps about delirium in dementia, as well as ethical considerations, play an important role in organizing timely and adequate care for patients with delirium superimposed on dementia.

scholarly journals Molecular Pathways Involved in the Development of Congenital Erythrocytosis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Jana Tomc ◽  
Nataša Debeljak
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Idiopathic Erythrocytosis

Patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis are directed to targeted genetic testing including nine genes involved in oxygen sensing pathway in kidneys, erythropoietin signal transduction in pre-erythrocytes and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity regulation in mature erythrocytes. However, in more than 60% of cases the genetic cause remains undiagnosed, suggesting that other genes and mechanisms must be involved in the disease development. This review aims to explore additional molecular mechanisms in recognized erythrocytosis pathways and propose new pathways associated with this rare hematological disorder. For this purpose, a comprehensive review of the literature was performed and different in silico tools were used. We identified genes involved in several mechanisms and molecular pathways, including mRNA transcriptional regulation, post-translational modifications, membrane transport, regulation of signal transduction, glucose metabolism and iron homeostasis, which have the potential to influence the main erythrocytosis-associated pathways. We provide valuable theoretical information for deeper insight into possible mechanisms of disease development. This information can be also helpful to improve the current diagnostic solutions for patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis.

scholarly journals The Impact of Spaceflight and Microgravity on the Human Islet-1+ Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Transcriptome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3577
Author(s):  
Victor Camberos ◽  
Jonathan Baio ◽  
Ana Mandujano ◽  
Aida F. Martinez ◽  
Leonard Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Islet 1 ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insight Into

Understanding the transcriptomic impact of microgravity and the spaceflight environment is relevant for future missions in space and microgravity-based applications designed to benefit life on Earth. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of adult and neonatal cardiovascular progenitors following culture aboard the International Space Station for 30 days and compared it to the transcriptome of clonally identical cells cultured on Earth. Cardiovascular progenitors acquire a gene expression profile representative of an early-stage, dedifferentiated, stem-like state, regardless of age. Signaling pathways that support cell proliferation and survival were induced by spaceflight along with transcripts related to cell cycle re-entry, cardiovascular development, and oxidative stress. These findings contribute new insight into the multifaceted influence of reduced gravitational environments.

Fluorescent protein expression in temperature tolerant and susceptible reef-building corals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Exequiel Gabriel S. Dizon ◽  
Jeric P. Da-Anoy ◽  
Melissa S. Roth ◽  
Cecilia Conaco
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Acropora Digitifera ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are reported to play an important role as photoprotectants and antioxidants in corals subjected to stressful conditions. Identifying the various FP genes expressed and FP gene expression patterns under stress in diverse coral species can provide insight into FP function. In this study, we identified 16 putative FP homologues from the transcriptomes of corals with varying susceptibility to elevated temperature, including Acropora digitifera, Favites colemani, Montipora digitata and Seriatopora caliendrum. Each coral expressed a different complement of FP transcripts, which were predicted to have distinct spectral properties. The most diverse and abundant repertoire of FP transcripts, including at least 6 green FPs, were expressed in the temperature-tolerant coral, F. colemani. In comparison, the other corals expressed fewer FP types. Specific FP transcripts exhibited variable expression profiles in coral fragments subjected to 32 ± 1 °C (treatment) or 28 ± 1 °C (control) for up to 72 h, suggesting that distinct FPs may have different roles. Further studies on the expression of the proteins encoded by these FP transcripts, their fluorescence activity, tissue localization, and possible antioxidant properties, are needed to reveal their contribution to thermal stress tolerance in certain species of corals.

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