scholarly journals Evaluation of Carotenoids Accumulation and Biosynthesis in Two Genotypes of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) during Early Fruit Development

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5054
Author(s):  
Yihan Zhao ◽  
Xufeng Yang ◽  
Yuwei Hu ◽  
Qiuming Gu ◽  
Weiling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Carotenogenic Genes ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Β Carotene

Pomelo is rich in bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phenolics and essential oil) in the early stage of fruit development, but it is often wasted in the cultivation and management process. To gain an insight into the carotenoid metabolism pathway in pomelo, the carotenoid profiles and the expression patterns of carotenogenic genes were investigated in two genotypes of pomelo during early fruit development. The results showed that a higher carotenoid content was observed in honey pomelo as compared with golden pomelo, which may be related to different gene regulation mechanisms. Lutein, a-carotene, and β-carotene were the main carotenoids in pomelo young fruit, and lutein was the highest one. The accumulation of carotenoids during fruit early development in honey pomelo is related to the transcriptional regulation of ZISO and LUT5. In golden pomelo, the rate-limiting gene for carotenoids is PDS and ZDS. In addition, the expression of seven genes except CRTISO in honey pomelo was higher than that in golden pomelo. The results are helpful to further clarify the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid accumulation during early fruit development and provide a direction for the high-value utilization of young fruits in pomelo.

scholarly journals The Effect of Surface-Modified Gold Nanorods on the Early Stage of Embryonic Development and Angiogenesis: Insight into the Molecular Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11036
Author(s):  
Nouf N. Mahmoud ◽  
Zain Zaki Zakaria ◽  
Hadeel Kheraldine ◽  
Ishita Gupta ◽  
Semir Vranic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Cam Model ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Gold nanorods have been implicated in several biomedical applications. Herein, the effect of two surface-modified gold nanorods on the early stages of embryogenesis and angiogenesis was investigated using avian embryos at three days and their chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) at five days of incubation. We found that gold nanorods (GNR) modified with PEGylated phospholipid moiety show a high mortality rate in embryos after four days of exposure compared to GNR modified with PEGylated cholesterol moiety. Meanwhile, our data revealed that surface modified-GNR significantly inhibit the formation of new blood vessels in the treated CAM model after 48 h of exposure. Moreover, we report that surface-modified GNR significantly deregulate the expression of several genes implicated in cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, cellular energy metabolism, and angiogenesis. On the other hand, our data point out that GNR treatments can modulate the expression patterns of JNK1/2/3, NF-KB/p38, and MAPK, which could be the main molecular pathways of the nanorods in our experimental models.

scholarly journals Tocochromanols and Chlorophylls Accumulation in Young Pomelo (Citrus maxima) during Early Fruit Development

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2022
Author(s):  
Yihan Zhao ◽  
Junhao Li ◽  
Shaohua Huang ◽  
Huayong Li ◽  
Yutao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
Second Period

Pomelo is an important cultivar of the genus Citrus that contains a variety of beneficial nutrients, and its young fruit is an agricultural by-product that is currently not fully utilized because it is often thrown away during cultivation and management. In this study, the dynamics of tocochromanol during young pomelo development were investigated by measuring chlorophyll content, tocochromanol accumulation, and expression levels of related genes during early fruit development. The results showed that chlorophyll content decreased overall during these four developmental stages and had some synergism with tocochromanol. Four tocochromanol components were detected in pomelo of both genotypes, and α-tocopherol was the main component. The tocochromanol content of honey pomelo was highest in the first period, reaching 70 ± 5 μg/g in dry weight (DW), and golden pomelo peaked in the second period at 86.10 ± 0.18 μg/g DW, with an overall decreasing trend in both genotypes. The different gene expression patterns of the tocochromanol biosynthesis pathway could partially explain the changes in these components and further elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of tocochromanol accumulation during early fruit development. As a natural product, young pomelo fruit is an attractive source of tocochromanol and has potential application in industrial production. The results of this study may provide directions for the high additional value utilization of young pomelo fruit.

scholarly journals Expression of Genes Involved in Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis during Fruit Development in a Chinese Pollination-constant, Nonastringent (PCNA) Persimmon, `Luo Tian Tian Shi'

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Ikegami ◽  
Keizo Yonemori ◽  
Akira Kitajima ◽  
Akihiko Sato ◽  
Masahiko Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Serine Carboxypeptidase

Expression patterns of the genes involved in condensed tannin (CT) biosynthesis during fruit development was investigated in a Chinese pollination-constant, nonastringent (PCNA) persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) `Luo Tian Tian Shi'. The transcript levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) in `Luo Tian Tian Shi' were detected at high levels throughout the fruit growth. Chalcone synthase (CHS) and flavonol 3-hydroxylase (F3H) also continued to be transcribed during fruit growth, although their levels decreased earlier than PAL and DFR. In contrast, expression levels of these genes declined into undetectable levels at an early stage of fruit development in Japanese PCNA persimmon. In addition, anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), which encodes a key enzyme of the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, was transcribed at high levels in `Luo Tian Tian Shi' during fruit growth, but not in Japanese PCNA persimmon. By contrast, the expression of D. kaki serine carboxypeptidase-like protein 1 (DkSCPL1) that was obtained from suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) analysis between artificially astringency-removed fruit and astringent fruit in a different experiment, declined earlier than the other flavonoid biosynthesis genes in `Luo Tian Tian Shi', coincident with the termination of the tannin cell development. In the F1 progeny of the cross between `Luo Tian Tian Shi' and Japanese PCNA `Taishu', similar expression patterns were obtained among segregated PCNA and astringent offspring. These results indicate that Chinese PCNA is different from Japanese PCNA in expression of the genes involved in CT biosynthesis. In conclusion, we clarified that expression of the genes (PAL to ANR, but not SCPL) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis was continuous in the Chinese PCNA cultivar, despite the termination of tannin cell development.

scholarly journals Illumina® Sequencing Reveals Candidate Genes of Carotenoid Metabolism in Three Pummelo Cultivars (Citrus Maxima) with Different Pulp Color

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui-Cui Jiang ◽  
Yan-Fang Zhang ◽  
Yan-Jin Lin ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Xin-Kun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Citrus Maxima

Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is one of important fruit trees, which belongs to Citrus species. The fruits of different pummelo cultivars have different colors and differ in the contents of carotenoid. Our results clearly showed that ‘Huangjinmiyou’ (HJMY) has the highest content of β-carotene, followed by ‘Hongroumiyou’ (HRMY) and ‘Guanximiyou’ (GXMY). Lycopene is dominantly accumulated in HRMY. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the carotenoid accumulation in pummelo flesh is not fully understood. In this study, we used the RNA-Seq technique to investigate the candidate genes of carotenoid metabolism in the flesh of pummelo cv. GXMY and its mutants HRMY and HJMY in three development periods of fruit. After data assembly and bioinformatic analysis, a total of 357 genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were isolated, of which 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Among these 12 DEGs, phytoene synthase (PSY2), lycopene β-cyclase (LYCB2), lycopene Ɛ-cyclase (LYCE), carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD4), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED2), aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3), and ABA 8′-hydroxylases (CYP707A1) are the most distinct DEGs in three pummelo cultivars. The co-expression analysis revealed that the expression patterns of several transcription factors such as bHLH, MYB, ERF, NAC and WRKY are highly correlated with DEGs, which are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. In addition, the expression patterns of 22 DEGs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and the results are highly concordant with the RNA-Seq results. Our results provide a global vision of transcriptomic profile among three pummelo cultivars with different pulp colors. These results would be beneficial to further study the molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in pummelo flesh and help the breeding of citrus with high carotenoid content.

scholarly journals Differences in Anthocyanin Accumulation Patterns and Related Gene Expression in Two Varieties of Red Pear

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Jianlong Liu ◽  
Zhiwei Deng ◽  
Hongwei Sun ◽  
Jiankun Song ◽  
Dingli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Bud Sport ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Red pear is a popular fruit that is appreciated for its attractive and distinctive appearance and mild flavor. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the red coloration of pear skin using the ‘Xinqihong’ cultivar—which was selected as a spontaneous bud sport mutant of the ‘Xinli 7′(Pyrus betulifolia Rehd.) variety and has a stronger red color that is retained in the mature fruit—as an experimental model. We compared the phenotype and gene expression patterns of the two varieties and found no significant differences at the early stage of fruit development. However, although the red color of ‘Xinli 7′ fruits began to fade 107 days after full bloom, that of ‘Xinqihong’ fruits persisted until the time of harvest. Transcriptome sequencing identified 639 genes that were differentially expressed between the two varieties, including genes related to light, calcium, and hormone signaling (e.g., PbPIF3, PbGA2ox, and the calmodulin related genes). Moreover, anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were downregulated as the red color of ‘Xinli 7′ fruits faded. These results provide insight into the molecular basis of color differences in red pears that can be useful for improving its fruit quality and commercial value.

Care for delirium superimposed on dementia at an early stage

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Good Care ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Delirium Superimposed On Dementia

Delirium is a common serious complication in dementia that is associated with poor prognosis and a high burden on caregivers and healthcare professionals. Appropriate care is therefore important at an early stage for patients with delirium superimposed on dementia To gain insight into the care of six patients with delirium superimposed on dementia, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted focused on the experiences of caregivers and professionals. The interviews revealed four themes that appeared to play a role: 1. experiences with and views on behavioral problems of these patients, 2. recognition and diagnosis of delirium in dementia, 3. views on good care and 4. organizational aspects. Knowledge gaps about delirium in dementia, as well as ethical considerations, play an important role in organizing timely and adequate care for patients with delirium superimposed on dementia.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of the B-BOX Genes that Respond to Multiple Ripening Related Signals in Sweet Cherry Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Zefeng Zhai ◽  
Yueting Sun ◽  
Chen Feng ◽  
Xiang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Light Induction ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Gene Structures

B-BOX proteins are zinc finger transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we identified 15 PavBBX genes in the genome database of sweet cherry. We systematically analyzed the gene structures, clustering characteristics, and expression patterns of these genes during fruit development and in response to light and various hormones. The PavBBX genes were divided into five subgroups. The promoter regions of the PavBBX genes contain cis-acting elements related to plant development, hormones, and stress. qRT-PCR revealed five upregulated and eight downregulated PavBBX genes during fruit development. In addition, PavBBX6, PavBBX9, and PavBBX11 were upregulated in response to light induction. We also found that ABA, BR, and GA3 contents significantly increased in response to light induction. Furthermore, the expression of several PavBBX genes was highly correlated with the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, light-responsive genes, and genes that function in multiple hormone signaling pathways. Some PavBBX genes were strongly induced by ABA, GA, and BR treatment. Notably, PavBBX6 and PavBBX9 responded to all three hormones. Taken together, BBX proteins likely play major roles in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry fruit by integrating light, ABA, GA, and BR signaling pathways.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of the MADS-box gene family and its potential role in fruit ripening in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yaqiong Wu ◽  
Chunhong Zhang ◽  
Wenlong Wu ◽  
Weilin Li ◽  
Lianfei Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Type I ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Mads Box Gene

BACKGROUND: Black raspberry is a vital fruit crop with a high antioxidant function. MADS-box genes play an important role in the regulation of fruit development in angiosperms. OBJECTIVE: To understand the regulatory role of the MADS-box family, a total of 80 MADS-box genes were identified and analyzed. METHODS: The MADS-box genes in the black raspberry genome were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Through an analysis of the promoter elements, the possible functions of different members of the family were predicted. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of members of the MADS-box family during black raspberry fruit development and ripening were systematically analyzed. RESULTS: The genes were classified into type I (Mα: 33; Mβ: 6; Mγ: 10) and type II (MIKC *: 2; MIKCC: 29) genes. We also obtained a complete overview of the RoMADS-box gene family through phylogenetic, gene structure, conserved motif, and cis element analyses. The relative expression analysis showed different expression patterns, and most RoMADS-box genes were more highly expressed in fruit than in other tissues of black raspberry. CONCLUSIONS: This finding indicates that the MADS-box gene family is involved in the regulation of fruit ripening processes in black raspberry.

scholarly journals The Impact of Spaceflight and Microgravity on the Human Islet-1+ Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Transcriptome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3577
Author(s):  
Victor Camberos ◽  
Jonathan Baio ◽  
Ana Mandujano ◽  
Aida F. Martinez ◽  
Leonard Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Islet 1 ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insight Into

Understanding the transcriptomic impact of microgravity and the spaceflight environment is relevant for future missions in space and microgravity-based applications designed to benefit life on Earth. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of adult and neonatal cardiovascular progenitors following culture aboard the International Space Station for 30 days and compared it to the transcriptome of clonally identical cells cultured on Earth. Cardiovascular progenitors acquire a gene expression profile representative of an early-stage, dedifferentiated, stem-like state, regardless of age. Signaling pathways that support cell proliferation and survival were induced by spaceflight along with transcripts related to cell cycle re-entry, cardiovascular development, and oxidative stress. These findings contribute new insight into the multifaceted influence of reduced gravitational environments.

Fluorescent protein expression in temperature tolerant and susceptible reef-building corals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Exequiel Gabriel S. Dizon ◽  
Jeric P. Da-Anoy ◽  
Melissa S. Roth ◽  
Cecilia Conaco
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Acropora Digitifera ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are reported to play an important role as photoprotectants and antioxidants in corals subjected to stressful conditions. Identifying the various FP genes expressed and FP gene expression patterns under stress in diverse coral species can provide insight into FP function. In this study, we identified 16 putative FP homologues from the transcriptomes of corals with varying susceptibility to elevated temperature, including Acropora digitifera, Favites colemani, Montipora digitata and Seriatopora caliendrum. Each coral expressed a different complement of FP transcripts, which were predicted to have distinct spectral properties. The most diverse and abundant repertoire of FP transcripts, including at least 6 green FPs, were expressed in the temperature-tolerant coral, F. colemani. In comparison, the other corals expressed fewer FP types. Specific FP transcripts exhibited variable expression profiles in coral fragments subjected to 32 ± 1 °C (treatment) or 28 ± 1 °C (control) for up to 72 h, suggesting that distinct FPs may have different roles. Further studies on the expression of the proteins encoded by these FP transcripts, their fluorescence activity, tissue localization, and possible antioxidant properties, are needed to reveal their contribution to thermal stress tolerance in certain species of corals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document