scholarly journals Lichens—A Potential Source for Nanoparticles Fabrication: A Review on Nanoparticles Biosynthesis and Their Prospective Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Reham Samir Hamida ◽  
Mohamed Abdelaal Ali ◽  
Nabila Elsayed Abdelmeguid ◽  
Mayasar Ibrahim Al-Zaban ◽  
Lina Baz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Target Metal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanomaterials

Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a safe, eco-friendly, and relatively inexpensive alternative to conventional routes of NPs production. These methods require natural resources such as cyanobacteria, algae, plants, fungi, lichens, and naturally extracted biomolecules such as pigments, vitamins, polysaccharides, proteins, and enzymes to reduce bulk materials (the target metal salts) into a nanoscale product. Synthesis of nanomaterials (NMs) using lichen extracts is a promising eco-friendly, simple, low-cost biological synthesis process. Lichens are groups of organisms including multiple types of fungi and algae that live in symbiosis. Until now, the fabrication of NPs using lichens has remained largely unexplored, although the role of lichens as natural factories for synthesizing NPs has been reported. Lichens have a potential reducible activity to fabricate different types of NMs, including metal and metal oxide NPs and bimetallic alloys and nanocomposites. These NPs exhibit promising catalytic and antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. To the best of our knowledge, this review provides, for the first time, an overview of the main published studies concerning the use of lichen for nanofabrication and the applications of these NMs in different sectors. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of biosynthesis are discussed, together with the various optimization factors influencing the biological synthesis and toxicity of NPs.

scholarly journals MiRNA Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Frequent Localizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Alexandra Korotaeva ◽  
Danzan Mansorunov ◽  
Natalya Apanovich ◽  
Anna Kuzevanova ◽  
Alexander Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are infrequent malignant tumors of a neuroendocrine nature that arise in various organs. They occur most frequently in the lungs, intestines, stomach and pancreas. Molecular diagnostics and prognosis of NEN development are highly relevant. The role of clinical biomarkers can be played by microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is devoted to the analysis of data on miRNA expression in NENs. For the first time, a search for specificity or a community of their functional characteristics in different types of NEN was carried out. Their properties as biomarkers were also analyzed. To date, more than 100 miRNAs have been characterized as differentially expressed and significant for the development of NEN tumors. Only about 10% of the studied miRNAs are expressed in several types of NEN; differential expression of the remaining 90% was found only in tumors of specific localizations. A significant number of miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers. However, only a few miRNAs have values that characterized their quality as markers. The analysis demonstrates the predominant specific expression of miRNA in each studied type of NEN. This indicates that miRNA’s functional features are predominantly influenced by the tissue in which they are formed.

scholarly journals Interactions between an Associative Amphiphilic Block Polyelectrolyte and Surfactants in Water: Effect of Charge Type on Solution Properties and Aggregation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Patrizio Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solution Rheology ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
First Time

The study of interactions between polyelectrolytes (PE) and surfactants is of great interest for both fundamental and applied research. These mixtures can represent, for example, models of self-assembly and molecular organization in biological systems, but they are also relevant in industrial applications. Amphiphilic block polyelectrolytes represent an interesting class of PE, but their interactions with surfactants have not been extensively explored so far, most studies being restricted to non-associating PE. In this work, interactions between an anionic amphiphilic triblock polyelectrolyte and different types of surfactants bearing respectively negative, positive and no charge, are investigated via surface tension and solution rheology measurements for the first time. It is evidenced that the surfactants have different effects on viscosity and surface tension, depending on their charge type. Micellization of the surfactant is affected by the presence of the polymer in all cases; shear viscosity of polymer solutions decreases in presence of the same charge or nonionic surfactants, while the opposite charge surfactant causes precipitation. This study highlights the importance of the charge type, and the role of the associating hydrophobic block in the PE structure, on the solution behavior of the mixtures. Moreover, a possible interaction model is proposed, based on the obtained data.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Polyalthia longifolia Mediated Copper Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Sumaira Mumtaz ◽  
Raziya Nadeem ◽  
Raja Adil Sarfraz ◽  
Muhammad Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

Synthesis of nanoparticles of transition metals by using medicinal plants has been outstreched in recent years because of the characteristic features which are embodied in the end product. This work is proceded with the aim to synthesize and optimize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs-Pl) using aqueous extract of Polyalthia longifolia leaves (PlL) for characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The synthesis of CuNPs-Pl was confirmed by visual inspection of the dark brown residues in the reaction flask and via absorption band around 580nm by UV/Visible spectroscopy. Synthesis process was optimized through investigation of environmental variables. FTIR analysis was carried out for both PIL and CuNPs-Pl which identified the presence of alkanes, alcoholic, and aldehydic groups in the PlL and their encapsulation on the copper surface. The synthesized CuNPs-Pl were found to be spherical and rod shaped, and polydispersed when investigated through SEM study. Similarly, these nanoparticles had monoclinic structure and crystalline nature when analyzed by XRD. Moreover, these nanoparticles showed metallic form when EDX examination was done. Further, biological activities were performed. The synthesized nanoparticles showed considerable inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (12mm), Bacillus subtilis (11mm), Aspergillus niger (10mm), and Schyzophyllum commune (16mm) which depicted their powerful antibacterial and antifungal activity. Likewise, CuNPs-Pl were effeciently able to quench free radicals as indicated from the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO) assays by exhibiting 86.32, 50.45, and 48.23% inhibition respectively. Thus, the contemporary work has substantiated that low cost CuNPs-Pl can be highly proficient alternate or substitute of synthetic formulations.

Women’s March Minnesota on Facebook: Effects of social connection on different types of collective action

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1785-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simin Michelle Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Tie Strength ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intention To Participate ◽  
Political Actions

Scholars have long debated the efficacy of social media in facilitating offline collective action. This research seeks to fill a gap in that literature by examining the role of social ties in determining intention to participate in different types of collective action. Survey findings show that aspects of tie strength—reciprocity, duration, and affect—have different impact on intention to participate in high- and low-cost political actions. Findings from this study have theoretical implication for the field as well as practical implication for social movement organizers seeking to mobilize supporters using social media.

Long-term unemployment

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-727
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Apergis ◽  
Nicholas Apergis
Keyword(s):  
Working Environment ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Robustness Check ◽  
Modelling Approach

PurposeThis paper empirically explores the role of skill losses during unemployment behind firms' behaviour in interviewing long-term unemployedDesign/methodology/approachThe analysis makes use of the Work Employment Relations Survey in the UK, while it applies a panel probit modelling approach to estimate the empirical findings.FindingsThe findings document that skill losses during long-term unemployment reduce the likelihood of an interview, while they emphasize the need for certain policies that could compensate for this deterioration of skills. For robustness check, the estimation strategy survives the examination of the same predictors under different types of the working environment.Originality/valueThe original values of the work 1 combines for the first time both duration and technology as predictors of interview probability. Until now, the independent variables were used to test whether an individual has managed to exit unemployment, thus skipping the step of the interview process.

scholarly journals Role of Nanomaterials in the Treatment of Wastewater: A Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Ali Yaqoob ◽  
Tabassum Parveen ◽  
Khalid Umar ◽  
Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

Water is an essential part of life and its availability is important for all living creatures. On the other side, the world is suffering from a major problem of drinking water. There are several gases, microorganisms and other toxins (chemicals and heavy metals) added into water during rain, flowing water, etc. which is responsible for water pollution. This review article describes various applications of nanomaterial in removing different types of impurities from polluted water. There are various kinds of nanomaterials, which carried huge potential to treat polluted water (containing metal toxin substance, different organic and inorganic impurities) very effectively due to their unique properties like greater surface area, able to work at low concentration, etc. The nanostructured catalytic membranes, nanosorbents and nanophotocatalyst based approaches to remove pollutants from wastewater are eco-friendly and efficient, but they require more energy, more investment in order to purify the wastewater. There are many challenges and issues of wastewater treatment. Some precautions are also required to keep away from ecological and health issues. New modern equipment for wastewater treatment should be flexible, low cost and efficient for the commercialization purpose.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF KERATIN NANOPARTICLES FROM DOVE FEATHER (COLUMBA LIVIA) AND ITS APPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
NANTHAVANAN P ◽  
KANDASAMY ARUNGANDHI ◽  
SUNMATHI D ◽  
NIRANJANA J
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to synthesize keratin nanoparticles from dove feathers. Methods: Crude keratin was extracted by chemical method. The protein content was estimated by Lowry’s method and it was found to be 0.18 mg/ml. The keratin nanoparticles were obtained using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Results: A single peak maximum at 270 nm corresponds to the surface plasmon resonance of keratin nanoparticles was observed in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum. The size of keratin nanoparticles was 78 nm. The crystalline size of keratin nanoparticles was 79.6 nm and it was obtained by X-ray diffraction. The antibacterial activity of crude keratin and keratin nanoparticles was determined which revealed that keratin nanoparticles showed higher zone of inhibition than crude keratin protein against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. Keratin nanoparticles showed higher antioxidant activity than crude keratin. Conclusion: Biological synthesis of nanoparticles has many advantages such as ecofriendly and low cost and can be synthesized in large scale. The keratin nanoparticles can be applied in wound dressing, biosorbent, and cosmetics.

scholarly journals The role of nanotechnology for improving crop production

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305
Author(s):  
Amir Lakzian ◽  
Maryam Bayat ◽  
Anvar Gadzhikurbanov ◽  
Meisam Zargar
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Today, green nanotechnology has great importance due to the presence of different modes of restrictive action against various pathogens such as fungi and bacterial species. The use of nanomaterials has recently increased in agriculture and plant-tissue culture thanks to their unique different properties such as; magnetic, electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties. Optimum use of iron increases protein content in the wheat grain. They also enhance plant growth by improving disease resistance and increase stability of the plants by anti-bending and deeper rooting of crops. It has been reported by many researchers that Nano-fertilizers significantly influenced the seed germination which demonstrated the effect of Nano fertilizers on seed and seed vigor. Chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Developing Nano-biotechnology is generating interests in research towards eco-friendly, cost effective and biological synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles systems have been combined into plant fungal disease controlpractices. Using nanoparticles as biosensors in plant disease diagnostics is also illustrated.

scholarly journals Counteraction to Criminality In the Ukrainian SSR In the Second Half of 1930S

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Principle ◽  
General Level ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

For today there is a far of the publications sanctified to soviet history of 1930th. However basic attention in them is spared there are 1937-1939 to strengthening of the totalitarian mode and repressions. And the problems of combating crime have received little attention.Research aim. Taking into account insufficient worked out of theme, an author put an aim to itself to light up the role of militia in counteraction to some types of criminality in the second half 1930th. This range of problems is wide enough, that is why we specially did not investigate some of directions of activity of militia at this time, in particular fight against gangsterism, counteract to economic criminality and role of militia in repressions 1937-1938, as it is an object other our scientific researches.Research methodology. The fundamental methodological principle of the study for the author was historicism. We tried to study the processes, events and facts in chronological order, taking into account the then socio-political situation. The method of comparison allowed to consider the general and special in activity of militia of different regions of the republic and differences in counteraction to different types of crimes.The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the historical literature it reveals the activities of the police in combating crime in the second half of the 1930s., related to improving the work of investigators, district inspectors.In the article basic directions of activity of militia are exposed in relation to counteraction to some types of crimes in Ukraine, in the second half of 1930th. In this time a "liberal" period made off relatively in history of soviet legislation.It was considered that in connection from completion of building of socialism in the USSR the main causations of crime, related to the inheritance of, are czarism on the whole removed, and the pore of the most rapid liquidation of criminality came, although at this time appeared and new types of crimes : 1. crimes related to the passport system (imitation, sale and purchase, theft of passports); 2. violation of charter of agricultural artel, violation of soviet and of a collective farm democracy; 3.sabotage of Stakhanovsky motion, pursuit ofStakhanov’ s men.New Constitution of the USSR was accepted in 1936, and in 1937 is new Constitution of Ukraine. For them wide rights for soviet citizens were proclaimed, but in reality they were not realized, becoming illustration to neglect of law and law and order.However would be an overstatement to consider that there was complete legal anarchy and raging of criminality in the state .Conclusions. In the second half 1930th a militia, without regard to mass repressions and certain vagueness of fate of many workers, continued counteraction to criminality. Certain attention was spared to the improvement of work of investigators, district inspectors, secret-service-informative work, bringing in of public to counteraction to criminality. In the total it was succeeded to attain some reduction of general level to criminality.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles: current prospectus

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejaswi Thunugunta ◽  
Anand C. Reddy ◽  
Lakshmana Reddy D.C.
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods

AbstractIn the past few years, nanoparticles have been applied in various fields of science and technology, ranging from material science to biotechnology. Thus, the synthesis of nanoparticles can be considered as a dynamic area in research and application of nanoparticles. The different methods of nanoparticle synthesis include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Of these methods, the biological synthesis is to be comparatively widely used due to its advantages of being low cost, nontoxic and environmental friendly. Bio-applications of nanoparticles have pawed way for green synthesis of nanoparticles. In this review, we have provided brief information on various biological agents used for the synthesis of nanoparticles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document