scholarly journals Media and Misinformation in Times of COVID-19: How People Informed Themselves in the Days Following the Portuguese Declaration of the State of Emergency

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Gil Baptista Ferreira ◽  
Susana Borges
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Media ◽  
Informative Content

This study takes as a starting point the importance and dependence of the media to obtain information about the pandemic. The dependency theory of the media system was developed in the 1970s when mass media were the dominant source of information. Today, at a time when media choices have become abundant, studies are needed to understand the phenomenon of media dependence in light of new dimensions made important by the transformations that have taken place in the social and media fields—where the coexistence of mass media with social media platforms stands out. As large-scale crises rarely occur and the media environment changes rapidly, it is important to analyze how media dependence relates to choose and trust in different media (traditional media vs. social media) in times of crisis. Several questions arise. What is the trust attributed by individuals to social media as sources of information about COVID-19? How well informed are the individuals who choose these sources as the main sources of information? From a questionnaire administered to 244 individuals in Portugal, during the first week of the state of emergency (March 2020), this research seeks to identify how people gained access to information about COVID-19, how they acted critically towards the various sources and how they assess the reliability of different media. Finally, it analyzes the association between the type of medium chosen and adherence to misinformation content about the virus. The results reveal the existence of a phenomenon of dependence on the media, with a strong exposure (both active and accidental) to informative content, with conventional media being privileged as the main source, and positively distinguished in terms of confidence. Finally, a statistically significant association of a positive sign was identified between the use of social media as the main source and the acceptance of misinformation.

scholarly journals Media and Misinformation in Times of COVID-19 How People Informed Themselves in the Days Following the Portuguese Declaration of the State of Emergency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Baptista Ferreira ◽  
Susana Borges
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Media ◽  
Informative Content

This study takes as a starting point the importance and dependence of the media (Ball-Rokeach & DeFleur, 1976) to obtain information about the pandemic. The dependency theory of the media system was developed in the 1970s when mass media were the dominant source of information. Today, at a time when media choices have become abundant, studies are needed to understand the phenomenon of media dependence in light of new dimensions made important by the transformations that have taken place in the social and media fields - where the coexistence of mass media with social media platforms stands out. As large-scale crises rarely occur and the media environment changes rapidly, it is important to analyze how media dependence relates to choose and trust in different media (traditional media vs. social media) in times of crisis. Several questions arise. What is the trust attributed by individuals to social media as sources of information about the COVID-19? How well informed are the individuals who choose these sources as the main sources of information? From a questionnaire administered to 240 individuals in Portugal, during the first week of the state of emergency (March 2020), this research seeks to identify how people gained access to information about the COVID-19, how they acted critically towards the various sources and how they assess the reliability of different media. Finally, it analyzes the association between the type of medium chosen and adherence to misinformation content about the virus. The results reveal the existence of a phenomenon of dependence on the media, with a strong exposure (both active and accidental) to informative content, with conventional media being privileged as the main source, and positively distinguished in terms of confidence. Finally, a statistically significant association of a positive sign was identified between the use of social media as the main source and the acceptance of misinformation.

IT for Peace? Fighting Against Terrorism in Social Media – An Explorative Twitter Study

i-com ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Reuter ◽  
Katja Pätsch ◽  
Elena Runft
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
The Internet ◽  
New Members ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Media

AbstractThe Internet and especially social media are not only used for supposedly good purposes. For example, the recruitment of new members and the dissemination of ideologies of terrorism also takes place in the media. However, the fight against terrorism also makes use of the same tools. The type of these countermeasures, as well as the methods, are covered in this work. In the first part, the state of the art is summarized. The second part presents an explorative empirical study of the fight against terrorism in social media, especially on Twitter. Different, preferably characteristic forms are structured within the scope with the example of Twitter. The aim of this work is to approach this highly relevant subject with the goal of peace, safety and safety from the perspective of information systems. Moreover, it should serve following researches in this field as basis and starting point.

scholarly journals Facebook users’ reaction to the declaration of the state of emergency in the Republic of Srpska

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Petar Pusonja
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
The State ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Media Content Analysis ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents the research findings on the behavior of users of the social network Facebook, in the circumstances of a crisis situation and the declaration of the state of emergency. By combining the media content analysis, modified netnographic approach and pseudo-survey techniques, the author seeks to determine the extent and the manner in which the declaration of the state of emergency in the Republic of Srpska has affected its citizens. The results show that the state of emergency has led to a reduction in the number of events reported, creating uniformity in media content and increasing the degree to which the media rely on official sources of information. On the other hand, the audience shows saturation with such content, completely ignoring it or expressing dissatisfaction with the overall situation, most often sarcastically. The analysis of user comments shows that, although value-neutral, the content focused on government activities provoked mostly negative comments, with hate speech and explicit vulgarism, as well as comments ad hominem, although to a lesser extent.

Mass and Social Media in Ukraine: Between Chaos and Media Capture

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Zoya Mylovanova ◽  
Kseniya Ostrovska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Freedom Of Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Capture

Democracy requires well-functioning mass media, i.e. media that are professional, diverse and independent providing accurate, unbiased and accessible information. Pervasive and systematic propaganda, which is a key warfare tool of “hybrid wars” of nowadays as the case of Ukraine so well illustrates, is detrimental to the freedom of the media and has to be addressed by the state. The article provides an overview of the current Ukrainian media legislation, focusing, in particular, on the measures taken by Ukraine to counterbalance foreign propaganda as well as the risks of media capture and the threat to the freedom of press that such measures entail.

“Medium is the message” – Creating a University Image in the Time of Web 2.0

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Koszembar‑Wiklik
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The University ◽  
The Way

The starting point of the article is McLuhan’s statement that “medium is the message”. The way universities promote themselves in media is causing specific associations with recipients.  The university idea is changing, the requirement for entrepreneurship, the change in the way of the public universities funding, and the corporate approach to university force them to take action that will enable them to operate in a highly competitive market. The universities promote and build their image using mass media characteristic for business marketing, and at the same time, the media that reach young people – the social media.

Japanese-language videos on YouTube as a source of public health information for COVID-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Yasu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The State ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Public Health Information ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Spread Of Infection

BACKGROUND Serious public health problems, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can cause an infodemic. Sources of information that may cause an infodemic include social networking services; YouTube, which consists of content created and uploaded by individuals, is one such source. OBJECTIVE To survey the content and changes in YouTube videos that present public health information about COVID-19 in Japan. METHODS We surveyed YouTube content regarding public health information pertaining to COVID-19 in Japan. YouTube searches were performed on March 6, 2020 (before the state of emergency), April 14 (during the state of emergency), and May 27 (after the state of emergency was lifted), with 136, 113, and 140 sample videos evaluated, respectively. The main outcome measures were: (1) The total number of views for each video, (2) video content, and (3) the usefulness of the video. RESULTS In the 100 most viewed YouTube videos during the three periods, the number of videos on public health information in March was significantly higher than in May (p = .02). Of the 331 unique videos, 9.1% (n = 30) were released by healthcare professionals. Useful videos providing public health information about the prevention of the spread of infection comprised only 13.0% of the sample but were viewed significantly more often than not useful videos (p = .006). CONCLUSIONS Individuals need to take care when obtaining information from YouTube before or early in a pandemic, during which time scientific evidence is scarce.

scholarly journals Pluriatividade e agroindústrias rurais no Maranhão: uma análise baseada no censo agropecuário de 2006

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Olena V. Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Family Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Processed Products

No artigo, propõe-se a caracterização de algumas agroindústrias rurais no estado do Maranhão, baseada nos dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2006. Como ponto de partida para a pesquisa, serviu o fato de que as agroindústrias de produtos agropecuários se destacam como principais atividades entre as ocupações pluriativas dos agricultores familiares do estado. A escolha de agroindústrias para análise é fundamentada pela sua importância no sistema de produção agroalimentar e pela maior participação da agricultura familiar nos valores agregados dos produtos processados. Na literatura pesquisada, defende-se a visão de que, no contexto de pluriatividade a diversifcação das atividades, que ocorre por meio de criação de agroindústrias familiares, de pequeno porte e artesanais, pode ser apontada como uma alternativa econômicapara que a agricultura familiar possa permanecer e desenvolver-se em paralelo com as agroindústrias de grande escala e, assim, contribuir para a construção de um novo modelo de desenvolvimento dentro do qual o rural seja pensado como um todo, e não mais apenas ligado à produção agrícola.Palavras-chave: Pluriatividade. Agroindústrias. Agricultura familiar. Censo agropecuário 2006. PLURIACTIVITY AND RURAL AGROINDUSTRIES IN MARANHÃO: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE 2006 AGRICULTURAL CENSUSAbstractThe article proposes the characterization of some rural agroindustries in the state of Maranhão based on data from the 2006 Agricultural Census. As a starting point for the research served the fact that agroindustries of agricultural products stand out as the main activities among the pluriactive occupations of the family farmers of the State. The choice of agroindustries for analysis is based on their importance in the agro-food production system and the greater participation of family agriculture in the aggregated values of processed products. In the researched literature, it is defended the view that, in the context of pluriactivity, the diversification of activities that occurs through the creation of small family and artisanal agroindustries, can be pointed out as an economic alternative so that family agriculture can remain and developin parallel to the large-scale production and thus contribute to the construction of a new model of development in which the rural is thought as a whole and no longer only linked to agricultural production.Keywords: Pluriactivity. Agroindustries. Family farming. 2006 Agricultural census. 

PEMILIHAN UMUM INDONESIA 2014 DAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-237
Author(s):  
Muhammad Edy Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Active Audience ◽  
The Media ◽  
Use Of Social Media

AbstrakPemilihan umum merupakan salah satu Peristiwa penting yang akan menentukan arah perjalanan sebuahnegara. Ada 12 parti politik yang bertanding dalam pemilihan umum 2014. Pelaksanaan pemilihan umumtidak dapat dipisahkan dengan media,kerana media menjadi salah satu cara bagi parti politik untukmendapatkan pemilih. Di Indonesia, hubungan antara politik dengan media menjadi lebih rumit keranasebahagian besar ahli politik parti juga merupakan pemilik media massa nasional. Sudah menjadi sifatmedia, untuk selalu akan menyuarakan kepentingan pemiliknya. Namun, pada pemilihan umum 2014ada fenomena yang menarik iaitu luasnya penggunaan media sosial, seiring dengan meningkatnyapenggunaan internet di Indonesia. Maka, kempen politik bergeser dari ruang fizik menuju ruang maya.Jika pada pemilihan umum sebelum ini kempen politik selalu melibatkan massa yang besar, pawai atauorasi di tempat, terbuka, namun kali ini kempen yang dilakukan adalah lebih bersifat individu. Kempendilakukan melalui telefon pintar, komputer riba dan gajet yang lain. Dengan media sosial, masyarakatbukan lagi penonton yang pasif tetapi aktif. Masyarakat boleh menjadi penyampai maklumat dan bukanhanya sebagai penonton, sehingga dominasi media massa konvensional runtuh. Salah satu fenomenayang menonjol adalah munculnya Tokoh Joko Widodo, yang popular dengan nama Jokowi, sebagai salahsatu calon presiden dari Parti Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan. Jokowi berjaya menggunakan mediasosial untuk bekempen, walaupun partinya tidak memiliki media massa. Abstract General election is one of the crucial moments that will determine the development of a country. Thereare 12 political parties competing in the 2014 Indonesian national elections. The elections cannot beseparated with the media, because political parties use media in their campaign to influence voters. InIndonesia, the relationship between politics and the media becomes more complicated because most ofthe party’s political elites are also the owner of the national mass media. It is the nature of media, to alwaysbe voicing the interests of its owner. However, in the 2014 elections there is an interesting phenomenon:the increasing use of social media, along with the increasing penetration of the Internet in Indonesia. Thus,the political campaign shifted from physical space to the virtual space. If in the previous elections, politicalcampaigns always involve huge masses and rhetorics in the open space; in this election the campaigncarried more personal. Now, campaigns are conducted through smart phones, laptops and other gadgets.With social media, people are no longer passive but active audience. People can be a message producerand not just as an audience, so the conventional media dominance collapsed. One of the prominentphenomenon is the rising popularity of the president candidates from the Partai Demokrasi IndonesiaPerjuangan, Joko Widodo, who is popularly known as Jokowi. Jokowi has successfully used social mediafor the campaign, even though his political party does not have the mass media.

Peculiarities of communicative situations of border guards professional discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
I. V. Mishchynska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Senior Officer ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Media ◽  
Characteristic Features

Specific features of border discourse as a special form of social interaction are considered in the article. The characteristic features of communicative situations of border discourse are highlighted. The conditions under which modern border discourse takes place are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the professional speech of border guards, which is characterized by professional border guard vocabulary, depending on the field of communication. Discourse is a complex communicative event or sociolinguistic structure created by interlocutors in specific communicative, social and pragmatic situations. Border discourse exists in two forms: the oral form and written form. Oral border discourse is the communication between people in the line of duty. It can be a conversation between two servicemen, between an officer and a person crossing the state border of Ukraine, or a senior officer and a subordinate serviceperson. Written border discourse is secondary to oral speech. Written speech is actually dialogical. The material of the research is presented by normative documents, educational materials, materials of mass media, in which the communicative situations of the border discourse are presented. The place of speech situations of border discourse is determined by the sphere of activity of communicators and the method of communication: personal or indirect means of communication (telephone conversations, Internet, correspondence by regular or e-mail, mass media, etc. Participants in speech situations within this discourse are border guards, academics who teach disciplines related to the activities of border guards, members of the media who cover issues related to border activities, as well as ordinary citizens involved in border discourse when crossing the state border. Motives of communication and speech intentions of communicators are determining factors in the selection of language means to achieve the communicative goal. Areas in which the border discourse takes place are official receptions, meetings, conferences, press conferences, negotiations, command and staff exercises, conferences, training situations with the use of professional border guard vocabulary, regulations, official situations at checkpoints.

Analyzing Blending Social and Mass Media Audiences through the Lens of Computer-Mediated Discourse

2015 ◽  
pp. 1281-1304
Author(s):  
Asta Zelenkauskaite
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Media Audiences ◽  
Audience Analysis ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Mediated Discourse

In recent years, mass media content has undergone a blending process with social media. Large amounts of text-based social media content have not only shaped mass media products, but also provided new opportunities to access audience behaviors through these large-scale datasets. Yet, evaluating a plethora of audience contents strikes one as methodologically challenging endeavor. This study illustrates advantages and applications of a mixed-method approach that includes quantitative computer-mediated discourse analysis (CMDA) and automated analysis of content frequency. To evaluate these methodologies, audience comments consisting of Facebook comments and SMS mobile texting to Italian radio-TV station RTL 102.5 were analyzed. Blended media contents through computer-mediated discourse analysis expand horizons for theoretical and methodological audience analysis research in parallel to established audience analysis metrics.

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