scholarly journals Effects of Elevated Temperatures on the Properties of Cement Mortars with the Iron Oxides Concentrate

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Jolanta Borucka-Lipska ◽  
Piotr Brzozowski ◽  
Jarosław Błyszko ◽  
Roman Bednarek ◽  
Elżbieta Horszczaruk
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Neutral Material

Using the waste materials in the production of the building materials limits the storage of the wastes, burdensome for the environment and landscape, and makes possible to manufacture the materials and products with the use of the less volume of the raw materials. Cement concretes and mortars as the basic building materials offer the broad prospects of utilization of the recyclable or waste materials. The wastes from the iron ore processing are the solid wastes resulting from the process of enrichment of the ore concentrate. The paper presents the results of testing three mortars, in which a part of fine aggregate was replaced with the iron oxide concentrate (IOC) resulting from such a process. IOC has been used as a substitute of 10%, 20% and 30% (by mass) of the fine aggregate. The effect of the concentrate on the mechanical performance of the mortars at the high temperature (up to 600 °C) was also investigated. The IOC is a neutral material, not affecting chemically the process of cement hydration. The addition of IOC slightly improves the strength of the cement mortars (by 5% to 10%). In the case of the larger amount (20–30%) of the addition, the use of superplasticizer is necessary. The IOC significantly improves the high temperature resistance of the cement mortars (300 °C). The cement mortars containing 30% of the IOC addition keep 80% of the initial flexural and compressive strength when exposed to the temperature 450 °C.

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cement Substitution by Biomass Fly Ash on the Polymer–Cement Composites Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3079
Author(s):  
Beata Jaworska ◽  
Dominika Stańczak ◽  
Joanna Tarańska ◽  
Jerzy Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Biomass Fly Ash

The generation of energy for the needs of the population is currently a problem. In consideration of that, the biomass combustion process has started to be implemented as a new source of energy. The dynamic increase in the use of biomass for energy generation also resulted in the formation of waste in the form of fly ash. This paper presents an efficient way to manage this troublesome material in the polymer–cement composites (PCC), which have investigated to a lesser extent. The research outlined in this article consists of the characterization of biomass fly ash (BFA) as well as PCC containing this waste. The characteristics of PCC with BFA after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing were analyzed. Our main findings are that biomass fly ash is suitable as a mineral additive in polymer–cement composites. The most interesting result is that the addition of biomass fly ash did not affect the rheological properties of the polymer–cement mortars, but it especially influenced its compressive strength. Most importantly, our findings can help prevent this byproduct from being placed in landfills, prevent the mining of new raw materials, and promote the manufacture of durable building materials.

Influence of Mix Fly and Bottom Ashes from Biomass on Selected Properties of Cement Mortars

2019 ◽  
Vol 828 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Jakub Jura
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

The preliminary results of utilization of fly and bottom ash from combustion of biomass for the produce of cement mortars has been presented. Currently, this waste are deposited in industrial waste landfills. The chemical composition of waste materials was determined using X-ray fluorescence (spectrometer ARL Advant 'XP). ). In the studies sand was replaced by mix of fly and bottom ash from the combustion of biomass in an amount of 10-30% by weight of cement CEM I 42.5 R (Cemex). The obtained cement mortar concrete were subjected to microscopic examination (LEO Electron Microscopy Ltd.) and their compressive strength (PN-EN-196-1), frost resistance (PN-EN 1015-11 and PN-B -04500 ) and absorbability (PN-85/B-04500) were identified. The obtained results showed, the replacement of the cement by mix ashes from combustion of biomass reduce consumption of raw materials and will have a good influence on the environment.

scholarly journals Mechanical performance of biodegradable hemp shivs and corn starch-based biocomposite boards

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arūnas Kremensas ◽  
Agnė Kairytė Kairytė ◽  
Saulius Vaitkus ◽  
Sigitas Vėjelis ◽  
Giedrius Balčiūnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Wood Polymer

For the production of traditional building materials, excavated natural resources are used. The production process of such materials requires high-energy demands, wherefore, high amounts of CO2 gases, which have a great impact on climate change, are emitted. Only a small part of such materials is effectively recycled and reused. Generally, they are transported to landfills, which rapidly expand and may pollute the soil, groundwater and air. Currently, a great attention is paid to the production of novel building materials. The aim is to use as less excavated materials as possible and replace them by natural renewable resources. Therefore, the recycling and utilisation at the end of life cycle of such materials would be easier and generation of waste would reduce. This way, the efforts of switching to circular economy are being put. One of the approaches – wider application of vegetable-based raw materials (cultivated and uncultivated agricultural plants). The usage of fibre hemp shives (HS) as an aggregate and corn stach (CS) as a binding material allows development of biocomposite boards (WPCs) which could contribute to the solution of the before mentioned problems. Bio-sourced materials combined with a polymer matrix offer an interesting alternative to traditional building materials. To contribute to their wider acceptance and application, an investigation into the use of wood-polymer composite boards is presented. In this study, biocomposite boards for the building industry are reported. WPCa are fabricated using a dry incorporation method of corn starch and HS treatment with water at 100 °C. The amount of CS and the size of the HS fraction are evaluated by means of compressive, bending and tensile strength, as well as microstructure. The results show that the rational amount of CS, independently on HS fraction, is 10 wt.%. The obtained WPCs have compressive stress at 10% of deformation in the range of (2.4–3.0) MPa, bending of (4.4–6.3) MPa and tensile strength of (0.23– 0.45) MPa. Additionally, the microstructural analysis shows that 10 wt.% of CS forms a sufficient amount of contact zones that strengthen the final product. The obtained average density (~319–408 kg/m3) indicate that, according to European normative document EN 316, WPCs can be classified as softboards and used as self-bearing structural material for building industry. Based on the requirements, WPCs can be applied in dry and humid conditions for the internal and external uses without loading (EN 622-4, section 4.2) or as load-bearing boards in dry and humid conditions for instantaneous or short-term load duration (EN 622-4, section 4.3).

scholarly journals Effects of waste glass and waste marble on mechanical and durability performance of concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawad Ahmad ◽  
Fahid Aslam ◽  
Rebeca Martinez-Garcia ◽  
Jesús de-Prado-Gil ◽  
Shaker M. A. Qaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Marble Waste

AbstractIndustrial waste has been rapidly increased day by day because of the fast-growing population which results environmental pollutions. It has been recommended that the disposal of industrial waste would be greatly reduced if it could be incorporated in concrete production. In cement concrete technology, there are many possibilities to use waste materials either as cement replacement or aggregate in concrete production. Two major industrials waste are glass and marble waste. The basic objective of this investigation is to examine the characteristics of concrete waste glass (WG) as binding material in proportions 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of cement. Furthermore, to obtain high strength concrete, waste marble in proportion of 40%, 50% and 60% by weight cement as fine aggregate were used as a filler material to fill the voids between concrete ingredients. Fresh properties were evaluated through slump cone test while mechanical performance was evaluated through compressive strength and split tensile strength which were performed after 7 days, 28 days and 56 days curing. Results show that, workability of concrete decreased with incorporation of waste glass and marble waste. Furthermore, mechanical performance improved considerably up 20% and 50% substitution of waste glass and waste marble respectively. Statistical approach of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used optimize both waste materials in concrete. Results indicate better agreement between statistical and experimental results.

scholarly journals The Influence of Incinerated Sewage Sludge as an Aggregate on the Selected Properties of Cement Mortars

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5846
Author(s):  
Teresa Rucińska ◽  
Anna Głowacka ◽  
Robert Sidełko
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Natural Aggregates

In line with the trend of using waste raw materials in the technology of building materials, experimental studies of cement mortars containing various amounts of fine-grained waste aggregate were carried out. The waste aggregate was based on an incinerated municipal sewage sludge which was mechanically crushed to an appropriate grading. Chemical and physical properties of the waste aggregate are presented. Mortars with varying amounts of waste aggregate as a replacement for natural sand were prepared. Study determines compressive strength and flexural strength up to 56 days. Properties such as capillary action, air content and thermal conductivity were determined. The results of the tests has shown that the incinerated waste sludge can be used as a partial or total replacement for natural aggregate. In mortars with waste aggregate, a favorable relation between flexural and compressive strengths was observed, which translates into increased strength of the interfacial transition zone. A significant increase in water absorption was observed for mortars containing high amounts of waste aggregate, which is directly related to its porous structure. Conducted studied prove that the aggregate obtained from incineration of the municipal sewage sludge can a feasible alternative for natural aggregates in production of masonry and rendering mortars for construction purposes.

Selected Parameters of Mortars Containing Fine-Grain Modification of Glass and Clay Brick

2015 ◽  
Vol 1100 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Martina Draganovska ◽  
Alena Sicakova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Fresh State

Today’s world trend in construction and development of building materials is focused to research and development of material systems with properties resulting from dimensions of the components in the micro and nanoscale. Improved mechanical and physical properties, better durability as well as environmental and economic benefits are expected. Such of improved materials represent significant benefit for sustainable construction. In current world, construction and demolitions waste (C&DW) represents useful source of secondary raw materials for production of new building materials. This paper is engaged to assessment of impact the fine particles obtained by grinding of C&DW to technological and physico-mechanical parameters of mortar. Two types of different C&DW which vary in strength and microstructure were used for the experiment: glass and clay bricks. For the assessment of the properties of mortars with application of those ultrafine materials as filler, recipes with 20 and 60% replacement of natural fine aggregate were prepared and tested. Water demand for specified consistency was tested in the fresh state of mortars, while flexural, compressive and adhesive strength was tested after 2, 7, and 28 days of setting and hardening. Given results show positive or negligibly impaired impact of fine grain modification of glass and clay brick on tested parameters.

Characterization of the Phase Evolution of Mosi2 - TiB2 Composites Produced by In-Situ Reactions Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
L. A. Dempere ◽  
M. J. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Molybdenum Disilicide ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
In Situ Reactions

Intermetallics are playing an important role in the development of new materials able of sustaining the escalating demands of the aerospace industry. A significant improvement in weight, operating temperatures or mechanical performance is required for materials to be considered as replacements in the most demanding applications. Molybdenum disilicide is one such compound that has potential for high temperature applications. Its most attractive properties are its high melting point (2020°C), reasonable density (6.24 g/cm3), and excellent high temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. However, low ambient fracture toughness and loss of strength at elevated temperatures have been the most significant limitations to the use of MoSi2 in structural applications.The more promising solutions for improving the mechanical properties of brittle intermetallics such as MoSi2 are based on the incorporation and control of secondary phases. To date, the artificial introduction of reinforcing phases or their generation via in-situ reactions have been explored.

scholarly journals Applications of green materials for the preparation of eco-friendly bricks and pavers

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.29) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Vamsi Krishna ◽  
E Rakesh Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Structural Wall ◽  
The Past ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Lime Powder ◽  
Shell Powder

The most basic and primary building material for construction of houses is the conventional brick. The rapid growth in today’s construction industry has obliged the civil engineers in searching for more efficient and durable alternatives far beyond the limitations of the conventional brick production [1-2]. A number of studies have been made and serious steps have been taken in manufacturing of bricks  from several waste materials. However, the traditional mean of bricks production which has brought hazardous impacts to the context has not yet been changed or replaced by more efficient and sustainable one [3], [4]. Most of the researches went through enhancing the clay brick quality and properties by mixing the clay with various recycled wastes as foundry sand, granite sawing waste, harbour sediments, perlite, sugarcane, baggase ash, clay waste and fine waste of boron, sewage sludge, waste glass from structural wall and other different wastes. Compile this state of the art work of manufacturing bricks in the past and the current trend in the bricks industry with respect to the raw materials, ways of manufacturing and the out- comings.This project presents an experimental study on the utilization of waste materials which replaces clay with (Plastic covers, Ceramic Powder, Egg Shell Powder, GGBS, Silica Fume, Rice Husk Ash and Lime Powder) and Fine Aggregate with (Recycled glass, Dry Grass, Dead Leaves, Tree barks powder, Sugar cane powder, crumbed rubber) to produce eco-friendly Bricks. This project is an attempt to fill the gap of the past studies and suggest more sustainable and sophisticated methods of brick manufacturing in the future. 40 percent replacement of fine aggregate with crumbled rubber and dry grass in mortar bricks have given encouraging results, also the replacement of cement by egg shell powder at 20% has given a considerable result  

scholarly journals Fire-resistant cellulose boards from waste newspaper, boric acid salts and protein binders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paalo Moreno ◽  
Nicole Villamizar ◽  
Jefferson Perez ◽  
Angelica Bayona ◽  
Jesús Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Protein Binders

Abstract Housing construction consumes more materials than any other economic activity, with a total of 40.6 Gt/year. Boards are placed between construction materials to serve as non-load-bearing partitions. Studies have been performed to find alternatives to conventional materials using recycled fibers, agro-industrial waste, and protein binders as raw materials. Here, fire-resistant cellulose boards with low density and adequate flexural strength were produced for use as non-load-bearing partitions using waste newspapers, soy protein, boric acid, and borax. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the influence of the board component percentage on flame retardancy (UL 94 horizontal burning test), density (ASTM D1037-12) and flexural strength (ISO 178–2010). The cellulose boards were characterized by thermal analysis (ASTM E1131-14) and scanning electron microscopy. Fire-resistant cellulose boards were successfully made with low densities (120–170 kg/m3) and flexural strength (0.06–0.64 MPa). The mechanical performance and fire resistance of cellulose boards suggest their suitability for use as building materials. A useful and sustainable construction material with great potential is produced with the valorization of waste materials.

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