scholarly journals Incorporation of Wheat Straw Ash as Partial Sand Replacement for Production of Eco-Friendly Concrete

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Shazim Ali Memon ◽  
Usman Javed ◽  
Muhammad Haris ◽  
Rao Arsalan Khushnood ◽  
Jong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Straw Ash

The depletion of natural sand resources occurs due to excessive consumption of aggregate for concrete production. Continuous extraction of sand from riverbeds permanently depletes fine aggregate resources. At the same time, a major ecological challenge is the disposal of agricultural waste ash from biomass burning. In this study, an environmental friendly solution is proposed to investigate the incorporation of wheat straw ash (WSA) by replacing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of sand in concrete. Characterization results of WSA revealed that it was well-graded, free from organic impurities, and characterized by perforated and highly porous tubules attributed to its porous morphology. A decrease in fresh concrete density and an increase in slump values were attained by an increase in WSA replacement percentage. An increasing trend in compressive strength, hardened concrete density, and ultrasonic pulse velocity was observed, while a decrease was noticed in the values of water absorption with the increase in WSA replacement percentages and the curing age. The WSA incorporation at all replacement percentages yielded concrete compressive strength values over 21 MPa, which complies with the minimum strength requirement of structural concrete as specified in ACI 318-19. Acid resistance of WSA incorporated concrete improved due to the formation of pozzolanic hydrates as evident in Chappelle activity and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results of WSA modified composites. Thus, the incorporation of WSA provides an environmentally friendly solution for its disposal. It helps in conserving natural aggregate resources by providing a suitable alternative to fine aggregate for the construction industry.

scholarly journals Recycled Rice & Wheat Straw Ash as Cement Replacement Materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Taha A. El-Sayed ◽  
Abeer M. Erfan ◽  
Ragab M. Abd El-Naby
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Straw Ash

In this paper an experimental study was made on the effects of using Rice Straw Ash (RSA) & Wheat Straw Ash (WSA) as partial replacements of cement in mortar. The objects were to produce Nano Silica (NS) form RSA & WSA as agricultural wastes by using chemical acids. Then, control specimens with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was made and in other specimen’s cement were replaced with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of RS & WS ashes by weight of cement. The workability was measured by the slump test. The pulse velocity and the sorptivity were also computed. The compressive and tensile strengths were also estimated. Experimental result showed that it was feasible to produce silica from WSA by chemical activation method. Also, the highest compressive strength, tensile strength and sorptivity noticed at 15% WSA.

The Influence of the Properties of the Material Used for Obtaining Geopolymers on Their Structure and Compressive Strength

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1187
Author(s):  
Ilenuta Severin ◽  
Maria Vlad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Straw Ash

This article presents the influence of the properties of the materials in the geopolymeric mixture, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) + wheat straw ash (WSA) + uncalcined red mud (RMu), and ground granulated blast furnace slag + wheat straw ash + calcined red mud (RMc), over the microstructure and mechanical properties of the synthesised geopolymers. The activation solutions used were a NaOH solution with 8M concentration, and a solution realised from 50%wt NaOH and 50%wt Na2SiO3. The samples were analysed: from the microstructural point of view through SEM microscopy; the chemical composition was determined through EDX analysis; and the compressive strength tests was done for samples tested at 7 and 28 days, respectively. The SEM micrographies of the geopolymers have highlighted a complex structure and an variable compressive strength. Compressive strength varied from 24 MPa in the case of the same recipe obtained from 70% of GGBFS + 25% WSA +5% RMu, alkaline activated with NaOH 8M (7 days testing) to 85 MPa in the case of the recipe but replacing RMu with RMc with calcined red mud, alkaline activated with the 50%wt NaOH and 50%wt Na2SiO3 solution (28 days testing). This variation in the sense of the rise in compressive strength can be attributed to the difference in reactivity of the materials used in the recipes, the curing period, the geopolymers structure, and the presence of a lower or higher rate of pores, as well as the alkalinity and the nature of the activation solutions used.

scholarly journals Effect of Locally Available Wheat Straw Ash in Developing High Strength Concrete

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Muhammad Armaghan Siffat ◽  
Muhammad Ishfaq ◽  
Afaq Ahmad ◽  
Khalil Ur Rehman ◽  
Fawad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Straw Ash

This study is supervised to assess the characteristics of the locally available wheat straw ash (WSA) to consume as a substitute to the cement and support in enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete. Initially, after incineration at optimum temperature of 800°C for 0.5, the ash of wheat straw was made up to the desirable level of fineness by passing through it to the several grinding cycles. Subsequently, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) along with X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing conducted on ash of wheat straw for the evaluation its pozzolanic potential. Finally, the specimens of concrete were made by consuming 10% and 20% percentages of wheat straw ash as a replacement in concrete to conclude its impact on the compressive strength of high strength concrete. The cylinders of steel of dimensions 10cm diameter x 20cm depth were acquired to evaluate the compressive strength of high strength concrete. The relative outcomes of cylinders made of wheat straw ash substitution presented the slight increase in strength values of the concrete. Ultimately, the C-100 blends and WSA aided cement blends were inspected for the rheology of WSA through FTIR spectroscopy along with Thermogravimetric technique. The conclusions authenticate the WSA potential to replace cement in the manufacturing of the high strength concrete.

scholarly journals Comparison of Conventional Concrete and Replacement of River Sand by Waste Foundry Sand and Cement by Nano-Silica

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the properties of concrete in which like cement is partially replacing by used nano silica and is partially replacing by used waste foundry sand. Because now a day the world wide consumption of sand as cement and as fine aggregate in concrete production is very high. Nano silica and waste foundry sand are major by product of casting industry and create land pollution. The cement will be replaced with nano silica and the river sand will be replaced with waste foundry sand (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). This experimental investigation was done and found out that with the increase in the nano silica and waste foundry sand ratio. Compression test has been done to find out the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 7, 14, 21, and 28. Test result indicates in increasing compressive strength of plain concrete by inclusion of nano silica as a partial replacement of cement and waste foundry sand as a partial replacement of fine aggregate.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ABU CANGKANG BEKICOT PADA SEMEN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN MORTAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Achendri M. Kurniawan ◽  
Devita Sulistiana
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Compressive Test ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Substitute Material ◽  
Straw Ash

Blitar Regency is one of the strange culinary centers, among which are processed various foods from snail base ingredients, ranging from kripik, sate oseng-oseng and so on as well as the existence of Blitar district is one of the rice barns in East Java. With the existence of Blitar district as a snail-based culinary producer and one of the rice barns in East Java, this is not spared from several problems, such as the disposal of snail shells in the river and burning of rice straw in rice fields which both will cause environmental damage. This study aims to examine the use of snail shell ash and rice straw ash as a substitute material for cement in mortar mixtures against mortar compressive strength. The research method used was the experimental method by mixing fine aggregate main ingredients with snail shell ash and rice straw ash then testing the compressive strength. The results of the compressive test with the addition of the percentage of snail shell shell turned out to increase by 54.78%.

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Network Estimation of the Effect of Varying Curing Conditions and Cement Type on Hardened Concrete Properties

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Kaplan ◽  
Hasbi Yaprak ◽  
Selçuk Memiş ◽  
Abdoslam Alnkaa
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Concrete Properties ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Artificial Neural

The use of mineral admixtures and industrial waste as a replacement for Portland cement is recognized widely for its energy efficiency along with reduced CO2 emissions. The use of materials such as fly ash, blast-furnace slag or limestone powder in concrete production makes this process a sustainable one. This study explored a number of hardened concrete properties, such as compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, dynamic elasticity modulus, water absorption and depth of penetration under varying curing conditions having produced concrete samples using Portland cement (PC), slag cement (SC) and limestone cement (LC). The samples were produced at 0.63 and 0.70 w/c (water/cement) ratios. Hardened concrete samples were then cured under three conditions, namely standard (W), open air (A) and sealed plastic bag (B). Although it was found that the early-age strength of slag cement was lower, it was improved significantly on 90th day. In terms of the effect of curing conditions on compressive strength, cure W offered the highest compressive strength, as expected, while cure A offered slightly lower compressive strength levels. An increase in the w/c ratio was found to have a negative impact on pozzolanic reactions, which resulted in poor hardened concrete properties. Furthermore, carbonation effect was found to have positive effects on some of the concrete properties, and it was observed to have improved the depth of water penetration. Moreover, it was possible to estimate the compressive strength with high precision using artificial neural networks (ANN). The values of the slopes of the regression lines for training, validating and testing datasets were 0.9881, 0.9885 and 0.9776, respectively. This indicates the high accuracy of the developed model as well as a good correlation between the predicted compressive strength values and the experimental (measured) ones.

scholarly journals Study on Compressive Strength of Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate in Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shyam Prakash ◽  
Ch. Hanumantha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Quarry Dust

The concept of replacement of natural fine aggregate by quarry dust which is highlighted in the study could boost the consumption of quarry dust generated from quarries. By replacement of quarry dust, the requirement of land fill area can be reduced and can also solve the problem of natural sand scarcity. The availability of sand at low cost as a fine aggregate in concrete is not suitable and that is the reason to search for an alternative material. Quarry dust satisfies the reason behind the alternative material as a substitute for sand at very low cost. It even causes burden to dump the crusher dust at one place which causes environmental pollution. From the results of experimental investigations conducted, it is concluded that the quarry dust can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate. It is found that 40% replacement of fine aggregate by quarry dust gives maximum result in strength than normal concrete and then decreases from 50%. The compressive strength is quantified for varying percentage and grades of concrete by replacement of sand with quarry dust.

Recycled Concrete Using Crushed Construction Waste Bricks Subject to Elevated Temperatures

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chung Ming Ho ◽  
Wei Tsung Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Residual Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Term Performance

The objectives of this paper are to find the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of recycled concrete with various percentages of natural fine aggregate replaced by Recycled brick fine aggregate (RBFA) as well as the residual strength and residual UPV of recycled concrete subjected to elevated temperatures. Experiment results showed that the compressive strength and UPV decreased as amount of RBFA in concrete increased, the long-term performance of compressive strength and UPV development increased as the RBFA content increased. The residual strength of recycled concrete increased slightly after heating to 300°C and the residual UPV of recycled concrete decreased gradually as the exposed temperature increased beyond 300°C. In the range of 580 -800°C, recycled concrete lost most of its original compressive strength and UPV. After subjected to the temperature of 800°C, compared to plain concrete, recycled concrete with 100% RBFA had a greater discount rate of compressive strength and UPV of the order of 5-15% and 6-10%. Regression analysis results revealed that the residual strength and residual UPV of recycled concrete had a high relevance after elevated temperatures exposure.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete Made with Used Foundry Sand as Fine Aggregate

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ganesh Prabhu ◽  
Jin Wook Bang ◽  
Byung Jae Lee ◽  
Jung Hwan Hyun ◽  
Yun Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Rate ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Strength And Durability

In recent years, the construction industry has been faced with a decline in the availability of natural sand due to the growth of the industry. On the other hand, the metal casting industries are being forced to find ways to safely dispose of waste foundry sand (FS). With the aim of resolving both of these issues, an investigation was carried out on the reuse of waste FS as an alternative material to natural sand in concrete production, satisfied with relevant international standards. The physical and chemical properties of the FS were addressed. The influence of FS on the behaviour of concrete was evaluated through strength and durability properties. The test results revealed that compared to the concrete mixtures with a substitution rate of 30%, the control mixture had a strength value that was only 6.3% higher, and this enhancement is not particularly high. In a similar manner, the durability properties of the concrete mixtures containing FS up to 30% were relatively close to those of control mixture. From the test results, it is suggested that FS with a substitution rate of up to 30% can be effectively used in concrete production without affecting the strength and durability properties of the concrete.

scholarly journals Studi Perancangan Campuran Beton Menggunakan Abu Batu Sebagai Agregat Halus. (Hal. 108-117)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Muhammad Malik Ibrahim ◽  
Priyanto Saelan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Concrete Materials ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Ratio ◽  
Research Show

ABSTRAKSalah satu limbah yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti bahan pembuat beton adalah abu batu. Abu batu merupakan limbah dari proses pemecahan bongkahan batu. Ditinjau dari ukuran butirannya maka abu batu merupakan agregat halus. Abu batu memiliki penyerapan air yang lebih tinggi daripada pasir alami, maka dari itu untuk mendapatkan kelecakan campuran beton yang sama dengan kelecakan campuran beton menggunakan pasir alami, penggunaan abu batu sebagai agregat halus dalam campuran beton perlu tambahan air. Namun hal ini akan menyebabkan faktor air-semen bertambah. Sehingga hasil kuat tekan akan menurun. Hal ini sesuai dengan hubungan antara kuat tekan beton dengan faktor air-semen. Perekayasaan yang dilakukan adalah dengan menaikkan faktor granular (G) dan menaikkan kuat tekan rencana berdasarlan teori Dreux. Abu batu pada penelitian ini digunakan sebagai substitusi pasir alami dengan proporsi 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%. Hasil penelititan ini memperlihatkan penggunaan abu batu sebagai agregat halus lebih dari 40% akan sangat drastis menurunkan kuat tekan beton.Kata kunci: perekayasaan, substitusi, campuran beton, abu batu, agregat halus ABSTRACTOne of the wastes that can be used as a substitute for concrete materials is stone ash. Stone ash is a waste from the process of stone crusher. Consider from the size of the grain, stone ash as fine aggregate. Stone ash has a higher water absorption than natural sand, therefore to get the concrete workability that is the same as the concrete workability using natural sand, the use of stone ash as fine aggregate in the concrete mixture needs additional water. But this will cause the cement-water ratio to increase. So that the compressive strength will decrease. This is following the relationship between the compressive strength of concrete and the cement-water ratio. Engineering is done by increasing the granular factor (G) and increasing the compressive strength of the plan based on Dreux theory. Stone ash in this study was used as a substitute for natural sand with a proportion of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The results of this research show that the use of stone ash as fine aggregate of more than 40% will greatly reduce the compressive strength of the concrete.Keywords: engineering, substitute, concrete mixture, stone ash, fine aggregate

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