scholarly journals Hierarchical Clustering with Spatial Constraints and Standardized Incidence Ratio in Tuberculosis Data

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Dalila Camêlo Aguiar ◽  
Ramón Gutiérrez Sánchez ◽  
Edwirde Luiz Silva Camêlo
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Standardized Incidence Ratio ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
A Value ◽  
Mixing Parameter ◽  
Geographical Distances

In this paper, we propose presenting a solution based on socio-epidemiological variables of tuberculosis, considering a clustering with spatial/geographical constraints; and, determine a value of alpha that increases spatial contiguity without significantly deteriorating the quality of the solution based on the variables of interest, i.e. those of the feature space. For the application of Ward’s hierarchical clustering method, two dissimilarity matrices were calculated, the first provides the dissimilarities in the feature space calculated from the socio-epidemiological variables D0 and the second provides the dissimilarities in the calculated constraints space from the geographical distances D1, together with an α mixing parameter and the non-uniform weight w assigned to the calculation of the dissimilarity matrix defined by the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of TB and that contributed significantly to the increase in clarity, both from a spatial and socio-epidemiological point of view. The method is shown to be feasible in epidemiological studies in the joint understanding of factors of different dimensions, aggregated from a spatial perspective. It is analysis tool that allows making a better understanding of the socio-epidemiological reality of the municipality.

Hyperuricemia as risk factor for cardiovascular disease – what’s new?

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Zhernakova
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Management Algorithm ◽  
Russian Medical

A significant number of epidemiological studies have shown that hyperuricemia is highly associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes. In this connection, increased attention is required to monitor serum uric acid levels in patients, not only from a rheumatological point of view, but also with regard to reducing cardiovascular and renal risks. This article is a review of studies on the association of hyperuricemia with cardiovascular risk and a new consensus for the management of patients with hyperuricemia and high cardiovascular risk, published in december 2019 by a group of experts of the Russian Medical Society for Arterial Hypertension, which, among other things, includes a management algorithm of this category of patients.

The Control of the Eye's Intrinsic Muscles: A Multivariable Optimum Performance Control System

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. T.129-T.132 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Toates
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Pupil Control ◽  
Performance Control ◽  
A Value ◽  
Intrinsic Muscles

The reciprocal interaction between the accommodation and pupil control systems of the human eye is examined from a theoretical point of view. The system, which is responsible for maintaining pupil diameter at a value which is a compromise between conflicting requirements, is represented by a control model, and is considered in terms of the concept of a performance index.

scholarly journals Dynamic Integrated Model for Assessing Fisheries: Discard Bans as an Implicit Value-Added Tax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Da Rocha ◽  
Javier García-Cutrín ◽  
Maria-Jose Gutiérrez ◽  
Raul Prellezo ◽  
Eduardo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
A Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntegrated economic models have become popular for assessing climate change. In this paper we show how these methods can be used to assess the impact of a discard ban in a fishery. We state that a discard ban can be understood as a confiscatory tax equivalent to a value-added tax. Under this framework, we show that a discard ban improves the sustainability of the fishery in the short run and increases economic welfare in the long run. In particular, we show that consumption, capital and wages show an initial decrease just after the implementation of the discard ban then recover after some periods to reach their steady-sate values, which are 16–20% higher than the initial values, depending on the valuation of the landed discards. The discard ban also improves biological variables, increasing landings by 14% and reducing discards by 29% on the initial figures. These patterns highlight the two channels through which discard bans affect a fishery: the tax channel, which shows that the confiscation of landed discards reduces the incentive to invest in the fishery; and the productivity channel, which increases the abundance of the stock. Thus, during the first few years after the implementation of a discard ban, the negative effect from the tax channel dominates the positive effect from the productivity channel, because the stock needs time to recover. Once stock abundance improves, the productivity channel dominates the tax channel and the economic variables rise above their initial levels. Our results also show that a landed discards valorisation policy is optimal from the social welfare point of view provided that incentives to increase discards are not created.

A Value Focused Thinking Approach to Decommissioning Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Tung
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Stakeholder Values ◽  
A Value ◽  
Value Focused Thinking ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Stakeholder Acceptance

Abstract Values are what stakeholders regard to be important to decisions (Kruglanski & Higgins 2007). How stakeholder prioritize, rank, balance, and trade-off values can have significant influence on their reasoning and evaluation of decommissioning outcomes and decisions. Stakeholder values can vary depending on various factors including religious beliefs, personal interests, and past experiences (Lechner et al., 2017). Value-focused thinking is a decision science theory developed by Keeney (1992) which builds upon the concept of varying stakeholder values. Keeney (1992) argues that the best decision is one that best reflects the actual values of stakeholders. which suggests that the acceptability of decommissioning decisions (full removal, partial removal, leave in-situ, rigs-to-reefs, etc.) by stakeholders will vary depending on the values of stakeholder in that particular context. This paper explores the idea of value-focused thinking and derive implications for decommissioning decision-making. Overall, the research finding suggests that rather than basing a decommissioning decision solely on scientific evidence, there is also a need for the decommissioning decisions to be able to reflect the actual values of stakeholders in that particular context. The criteria and weightage of the adopted multi-criteria decision analysis tool, for example, should accurately represent the actual values of stakeholders, so as to enable the tool to produce outcomes and decisions that has a higher probability of stakeholder acceptance.

scholarly journals Innovative management of rural buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzia Morena ◽  
Gian Battista Bischetti ◽  
Maria Luisa Del Gatto ◽  
Anna Gornati
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Rural Buildings

Purpose This study forms part of a larger project funded by Cariplo Foundation. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the scope to exploit the full potential and upgrade the functions of abandoned or under-utilized typical highland Alpine pasture systems (made by a complex of grazing fields, buildings for temporal animal and human recovery and dairy production, identified as Malga system or Alpeggio), by adopting the property investor’s point of view. Design/methodology/approach This study has adapted the traditional property development processes to rural buildings, thus generating an analysis model that proves able to define a new destination of use whenever the project considers the reuse of existing facilities. Findings The proposed model analyzes the technological, functional and territory features of the building to be upgraded, to assess the technical feasibility of the changeover project and identify the highest and best use of Malga-systems. The model has been applied to all the Malga-systems in the Orobie Bergamasche Park; it performed a comprehensive assessment of the development potential of the Malga-systems in the same Park. Research limitations/implications The design of the model took into consideration the specificities of the Orobie Bergamasche Park; nevertheless, the method can be taken as an example to be applied to any grazing land in the Alps. Originality/value This research provides the real estate market with a new analysis tool that is specific for the rural buildings, and suitable to streamline the procedures designed to upgrade these properties and to infuse new life into the territories that are experiencing a period of hardship and/or decay.

scholarly journals STUDY REGARDING THE CARBONATICAL SOILS FROM THE TRANSYLVANIAN DEPRESSION FORMED ON THE EOCINICAL DEPOSITS OF NUMULITS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pacurar ◽  
V. Bunescu ◽  
M. Darja ◽  
Doina Clapa ◽  
L. Holonec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coating ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
A Value ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

The Căpuşului hills are in the Transilvanian depression a trully ”geologycal eocenic golf” with a rich fossilifeuros fauna (Gryphaea eszerházy, G. gigantica, Turrietella imbricataria, Corbula gallica, Cepatia cepacea, Rotularia spirulaea) and also nummulitus species. The pedogenetic cover is constituted by sedimental deposits (clays, marls, limestones, gritsones). Also the pedogentic cover is represented by preluvisoils, luvisoils, eutricambisoils, clay cernozems. The relief characteristics are the Nummulites perforatus, N. fabianii and N. striatus who are the basically substrates from the acrobatically soils. The Transylvanian Depression is considered to be a true "geological eocenical gulf", is remarked through the conservation of a highly rich fossil fauna. Under the geological aspect, on a crystalline base is revealed the whole series of eocenical formations (striped clays, clays and limestone with "numuliti"), oligocenical (carbonatical clays, sands, sand stones and quaternary deposits) (Posea, 1978; Pop, 2001). These sedimentary deposits lay down from the half of the inferior Miocen and finished during the Panonian's end have constituted the parenthal material for the actual pedogenetical cover. A special characteristic of the landscape (with heights of 600-800m), from the outskirts of the Depression (the Huedin Depression, the Paniceni High hills, the Capus and Savadisla Corridor) is the fact that at the surface coating begin to appear "numulits" (Nummulites perforatus, N. fabianii, N. striatus), close to the localities Capusul mic, Leghia, Savadisla, Aghires, Manastireni, Cluj-Calvaria, Vlaha), deposits on which carbonatical soils are formed. If we view this are from the climate's point of view this area belongs to the Dfbk (Koppen) climatical province. The climate is a temperate continental of high hills, with forest. At Cluj-Napoca the average annual precipitations reach 613mm, the average annual temperature has a value of 8.3 degrees C, and the aridity indicator "De Martonne" has the value of 33.7. According to the climate conditions the studied area belongs to the level of oak (Quercus petraea) and the area of mezofilical oaks. (Quercus robur) Generally the areas of forest are mixed with those of pasture or agricultural crops. Because of the diversity of the ecological conditions the soil cover is extremely different, being constitueted of preluvosoils, luvosoils, eutricambosoils, cernosioms, carbonatical soils. (Blaga 1981, Bunescu &co 2005).

scholarly journals Bayesian Geographical Multi-Dimensional Scaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Hayato Nishi ◽  
Yasushi Asami
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Multi Dimensional Scaling

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) is a popular method of visualizing the similarity of individuals in a dataset. When dissimilarities between individuals in a dataset are measured, MDS projects these individuals into the (typically two- or three-dimensional) map. In this map, because similar individuals are projected to be close to one another, distances between individuals correspond to their dissimilarities. In other words, MDS makes a similarity map of a dataset.</p><p>Some of the dissimilarities and distances have a strong relation to the geographical location. For example, time distances are similar to geographical distances, and regional features will be similar if the regions are close together. Therefore, it will be useful to compare the MDS projection and geographical locations. However, because MDS projection is not concerned with the rotation, parallel translation, and similarity expansion, it might be difficult to compare the projection to the actual geographical locations. When geographically related similarities are visualized, projected locations should be bound to the geographical locations.</p><p>In this article, we propose Bayesian Geographical Multidimensional Scaling (BGMDS), in which geographical restrictions of projections are given from a statistical point of view. BGMDS gives not only geographically bound projections, but also incorporates the uncertainty of the projections.</p>

scholarly journals Current aspects of epidemiology, clinic and diagnosis of campylobacteriosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-450
Author(s):  
S. V. Khaliullina ◽  
V. A. Anokhin
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Veterinary Pathology

The problem of campylobacteriosis (CB) has been widely covered in the national and foreign literature over the past 10-20 years. Probably, the interest to this topic is due to a number of reasons. From a microbiological point of view, the causative agent of CB was discovered relatively recently and is an actively studied microorganism. At the same time, the responsibility of the microbe for the development of diseases in domestic animals and birds brings it into the category of problems of veterinary pathology. In medical terms, CB, taking into account modern epidemiological studies, is attributed to the group of the most common bacterial intestinal infections in children of different age groups, since it causes from 5 to 44.9% of all cases of the disease.

scholarly journals Artrose i Norge

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Slatkowsky-Christensen ◽  
Margreth Grotle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
The Individual

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex process affecting many different joint areas in the body. The joints most commonly affected are the knees, hips, and hands. From a patho-physiological point of view, some features are crucial for the diagnosis, such as cartilage fibrillation and thinning, subchondral sclerosis and the presence of osteophytes. The currently most widely used definitions of OA include pathogenetic features (mechanical and biological events), morphologic features (changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone) as well as clinical features (joint pain, stiffness, tenderness, limitation of movement, crepitus and occasionally inflammation/effusion).<br />The features that until now have been used for diagnosis and classification are based on radiographic and/or clinical descriptions. From a clinical perspective, OA is the most prevalent rheumatic joint disorder, causing pain and stiffness of the joints and for the individual impaired function and health status. For epidemiological descriptions of prevalence and incidence of OA, radiographic criteria are the most reliable and commonly used. Definitions of radiographic OA include descriptions of cartilage thinning (such as joint space narrowing), subchondral bone involvement (sclerosis) and/or the presence and grading of osteophytes. Although there are geographical variations in the occurrence of OA of different joint areas, OA is seen in all populations studied. The prevalence and incidence estimates show a vide variation, however. Still the epidemiological studies of OA are hampered by a number of factors including different definitions of the disorder, different subsets of disease, and low degree of correlation between different definitions (radiographic vs clinical). Several highly suggested risk factors have been identified for knee OA. Several of these may be important targets for intervention or prevention, such as physical activity, body mass index, nutritional constituents and quadriceps strength. There is a need for prospective studies evaluating risk factors in hip and hand OA. Although there are problems in studying OA epidemiologically, the available data have shown that OA is an extremely common and disabling disorder. Through a further development of both epidemiological and other methods of OA research, this area can continue to be exciting and rapidly developing.

RESEARCH METHODS FOR STUDYING EVALUATION: ACADEMIC DISCOURSE PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
А.А. Водяницкая
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Relationship Of

Постановка задачи. Работа посвящена изучению традиционных подходов к исследованию оценочных значений и инновационных методов их изучения. Задача исследования заключается в анализе методов изучения оценки, которые можно было бы применить при выявлении оценочной специфики академического дискурса. Результаты. Как показало исследование, оценочные значения, оценка привлекают внимание исследователей различных областей знания, различных дискурсов. По-прежнему открыт вопрос разграничения эмоции, экспрессии и оценки. Тесная связь оценки с ценностями индивида, выносящего оценочное суждение, предполагает возможность ее изучения с позиций аксиологии, тогда как взаимосвязь с психологией позволяет подходить к оценке с точки зрения психологии (например, оценочные стили). Выводы. Комбинация традиционных и инновационных методов позволит выявить онтологические свойства оценки в академическом дискурсе. Речь идет о вербализованных оценочных суждениях, выносимых различными участниками академического дискурса. Вопросы оценочной категоризации, разграничение эмоции и оценки, оценочных стилей участников академического дискурса, привлечение корпуса текстов как источника материала и как инструмента познания представляются релевантными аспектами при изучении оценочной составляющей академического дискурса. Вместе с тем не все методы исследования оценки можно одинаково успешно использовать при изучении оценочной составляющей академического дискурса. Например, метод триады, предложенный Ж. Мартином, который на данном этапе исследован применительно к изучению устного академического дискурса в его специфическом проявлении - в драматическом тексте. Как представляется, данный метод требует более детальной разработки применительно к нехудожественной, повседневной, речи академического дискурса. Problem statement. The paper focuses on the study of traditional approaches evaluations and innovative methods of their study. The objective of the research. is to analyze the methods of studying evaluation that could be applied in identifying the evaluative specifics of academic discourse. Results. The research has revealed that evaluative meanings attract the attention of researchers in various fields of knowledge, various discourses. The question of differentiating emotion, expressive language means and evaluation is still open. The close relationship of assessment with the values of the individual making a value judgment suggests the possibility of studying it from the standpoint of axiology, while the relationship with psychology allows one to approach assessment from the point of view of psychology (for example, evaluative styles). Conclusion. The combination of traditional and innovative methods will reveal the ontological properties of assessment in academic discourse. We are talking about verbalized value judgments made by various participants in academic discourse. Issues of evaluative categorization, differentiation of emotion and evaluation, evaluative styles of participants in academic discourse, corpus-based analysis seem to be relevant aspects in the study of the evaluative component of academic discourse.

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