scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Relationship between Obesity and Male Infertility

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 840
Author(s):  
Federica Barbagallo ◽  
Rosita A. Condorelli ◽  
Laura M. Mongioì ◽  
Rossella Cannarella ◽  
Laura Cimino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

In recent decades, the worldwide prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically and is currently estimated to be around 20%. Obesity is linked to an increased risk of comorbidities and premature mortality. Several studies have shown that obesity negatively impacts male fertility through various mechanisms. This review aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms through which obesity impairs male reproduction, including obesity-associated hypogonadism and its effects on spermatogenesis, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Obesity negatively impacts both conventional and biofunctional sperm parameters, and it also induces epigenetic changes that can be transferred to offspring. Moreover, obesity-related diseases are linked to a dysregulation of adipocyte function and micro-environmental inflammatory processes. The dysregulated adipokines significantly influence insulin signaling, and they may also have a detrimental effect on testicular function. Sirtuins can also play an important role in inflammatory and metabolic responses in obese patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that are involved in obesity-induced male infertility could increase our ability to identify novel targets for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related consequences.

Relationship between aldose reductase enzyme and the signaling pathway of protein kinase C in an in vitro diabetic retinopathy model

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Mutlu Sarikaya ◽  
Nuray Yazihan ◽  
Net Daş Evcimen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Expression And Activity

Protein kinase C (PKC) and aldose reductase (AR) enzyme activities are increased in diabetes and complications are include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. However, the relationship between PKC and AR and the underlying molecular mechanisms is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between these two enzymes and clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms by the related signaling molecules. The effects of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress on AR and PKC enzymes and the signaling molecules such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor kappa B-alpha (IkB-α), total c-Jun, phospho c-Jun, and stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK)/Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) were evaluated in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). AR, PKC protein levels, and related signaling molecules increased with hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. The AR inhibitor sorbinil decreased PKC expression and activity and all signaling molecule protein levels. Increased AR expression during hyperglycemia and oxidative stress was found to be correlated with the increase in PKC expression and activity in both conditions. Decreased expression and activity of PKC and the protein levels of related signaling molecules with the AR inhibitor sorbinil showed that AR enzyme may play a key role in the expression of PKC enzyme and oxidative stress during diabetes.

scholarly journals Food chromium content, dietary chromium intake and related biological variables in French free-living elderly

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Roussel ◽  
Maud Andriollo-Sanchez ◽  
Monique Ferry ◽  
Noella A. Bryden ◽  
Richard A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Content ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Trivalent chromium (Cr3+) is an essential trace element involved in insulin function. Cr deficiencies result in decreased insulin sensitivity, glucose intolerance and an increased risk of diabetes. Cr status decreases with age suggesting that the elderly may be at high risk of Cr deficiency. This study aimed to provide information about the Cr content of foods in France and the Cr intake in French free-living elderly. We measured the food Cr content and daily Cr intake of freely chosen diets for 3 d in twelve French free-living elderly people and their Cr excretion and plasma hormonal related variables, leptin, insulin and cortisol. Considering the relationship between insulin resistance and oxidative stress, we also determined plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, thiol groups and total and reduced glutathione. Although these subjects had well-balanced diets, their daily Cr intakes did not reach the French recommendations. The low Cr intakes were due to the low Cr density of the foods. We found a negative correlation between Cr intakes and insulin, BMI and leptin.

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: role of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. R673-R680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Wei ◽  
Kemin Chen ◽  
Adam T. Whaley-Connell ◽  
Craig S. Stump ◽  
Jamal A. Ibdah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Muscle Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), with its increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), has become a growing worldwide health problem. Insulin resistance is a key factor for the development of the CMS and is strongly related to obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), CKD, and NAFLD. Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is particularly important since it is normally responsible for more than 75% of all insulin-mediated glucose disposal. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for skeletal muscle insulin resistance remain poorly defined. Accumulating evidence indicates that low-grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play fundamental roles in the development of insulin resistance, and inflammatory cytokines likely contribute to the link between inflammation, oxidative stress, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Understanding the mechanisms by which skeletal muscle tissue develops resistance to insulin will provide attractive targets for interventions, which may ultimately curb this serious problem. This review is focused on the effects of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and consequent development of insulin resistance.

The pernicious procession of somatoprogression

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-242
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Gregory ◽  
Benjamin I. Goldstein ◽  
Roger S. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Somatic Illness ◽  
Medical Burden ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Psychiatric disorders predispose individuals to physical illness and premature mortality. ‘Somatoprogression’ refers to the accumulation of medical comorbidities that occurs parallel to the chronological deterioration of the mental illness (known as neuroprogression). Psychiatric illness engenders increased medical burden via lifestyle factors, adverse pharmacological effects, differential healthcare access, and illness-related perturbations in psychobiological systems. Because medical comorbidities simultaneously exacerbate the course of mental disorders, the relationship between psychiatric and somatic illness is bidirectional. Moreover, the multitude of shared risk factors points to common pathoaetiological processes, which emerge as both medical and psychiatric phenomena. The allostatic load model provides a framework to understand the interrelationship of the processes underlying neuroprogression and somatoprogression. In bipolar disorder, somatoprogression manifests as increased risk of endocrine/metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular disease, subserved by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduced neurotrophic support. Importantly, converging evidence suggests a synergy of affective progression and somatoprogression in the development of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Hahad ◽  
Jos Lelieveld ◽  
Frank Birklein ◽  
Klaus Lieb ◽  
Andreas Daiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Exposure to ambient air pollution is a well-established determinant of health and disease. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health concludes that air pollution is the leading environmental cause of global disease and premature death. Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that links air pollution not only to adverse cardiorespiratory effects but also to increased risk of cerebrovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite being a relatively new area of investigation, overall, there is mounting recent evidence showing that exposure to multiple air pollutants, in particular to fine particles, may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and brain health, thereby contributing to increased risk of stroke, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, cognitive dysfunction, neurodevelopmental disorders, depression and other related conditions. The underlying molecular mechanisms of susceptibility and disease remain largely elusive. However, emerging evidence suggests inflammation and oxidative stress to be crucial factors in the pathogenesis of air pollution-induced disorders, driven by the enhanced production of proinflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species in response to exposure to various air pollutants. From a public health perspective, mitigation measures are urgent to reduce the burden of disease and premature mortality from ambient air pollution.

Sulforaphane Reverses the Amyloid-β Oligomers Induced Depressive-Like Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Cuibai Wei ◽  
Meina Quan ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Jianping Jia
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Depression is one of the most common behavioral and psychological symptoms in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To date, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical association between depression and AD remained elusive. Objective: Here, we study the relationship between memory impairment and depressive-like behavior in AD animal model, and investigate the potential mechanisms. Methods: Male SD rats were administered amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) by intracerebroventricular injection, and then the depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the serotonergic system were measured in the brain. Sulforaphane (SF), a compound with dual capacities of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress, was injected intraperitoneally to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Results: The results showed that AβOs induced both memory impairment and depressive-like behavior in rats, through the mechanisms of inducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and impairing the serotonergic axis. SF could reduce both inflammatory factors and oxidative stress parameters to protect the serotonergic system and alleviate memory impairment and depressive-like behavior in rats. Conclusion: These results provided insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the clinical link between depressive disorder and AD, and offered new drug options for the treatment of depressive symptoms in dementia.

scholarly journals The Link between Obesity, Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Neurodegenerative Pathogenesis

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Emanuel Vamanu ◽  
Sachchida Nand Rai
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Major Factors

Current research in medicine in several parts of the world has attempted to establish a link between the occurrence of neurodegenerative pathologies, microbiota dysbiosis, and the incidence of obesity. The body’s response to different physicochemical factors has also been influenced by the proper assimilation of bioactive compounds contained in the food that is ingested. Oxidative stress is one of the major factors that directly affects the functioning of the human microbiota. The body’s reaction to this imbalance is crucial to the progression of inflammatory processes, which are based on molecular mechanisms. Microbial dysbiosis can result in a possibly permanent alteration in the physiological response. This review aims to highlight recent contributions made to alleviating human dysbiosis in degenerative diseases, especially for neurodegenerative pathologies based on the rising prevalence of obesity. We discuss the significance of both microbiota modulation and possible alleviations of pathologies by a modulatory function. We argue that pre- and probiotics (including phenolic compounds stimulating the favorable strain from the microbiota) are an effective alternative that can support the microbiota pattern’s modulation over time and the attenuation of indirect causes that determine dysbiosis. Molecular aspects are presented in support of the modulating role of the microbiota following the use of probiotics.

scholarly journals Obesity in the Liver Transplant Setting

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moctezuma-Velazquez ◽  
Márquez-Guillén ◽  
Torre
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Key Aspects

The obesity epidemic has resulted in an increased prevalence of obesity in liver transplant (LT) candidates and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becoming the fastest growing indication for LT. LT teams will be dealing with obesity in the coming years, and it is necessary for them to recognize some key aspects surrounding the LT in obese patients. Obesity by itself should not be considered a contraindication for LT, but it should make LT teams pay special attention to cardiovascular risk assessment, in order to properly select candidates for LT. Obese patients may be at increased risk of perioperative respiratory and infectious complications, and it is necessary to establish preventive strategies. Data on patient and graft survival after LT are controversial and scarce, especially for long-term outcomes, but morbid obesity may adversely affect these outcomes, particularly in NAFLD. The backbone of obesity treatment should be diet and exercise, whilst being careful not to precipitate or worsen frailty and sarcopenia. Bariatric surgery is an alternative for treatment of obesity, and the ideal timing regarding LT is still unknown. Sleeve gastrectomy is probably the procedure that has the best evidence in LT because it offers a good balance between safety and efficacy.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Paradox in Male Infertility: ‘A Blind Eye’ on Inflammation

Antioxidants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Sulagna Dutta ◽  
Pallav Sengupta ◽  
Shubhadeep Roychoudhury ◽  
Srikumar Chakravarthi ◽  
Chee Woon Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Reductive Stress ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Selection Of

The pathophysiology of male infertility involves various interlinked endogenous pathways. About 50% of the cases of infertility in men are idiopathic, and oxidative stress (OS) reportedly serves as a central mechanism in impairing male fertility parameters. The endogenous antioxidant system operates to conserve the seminal redox homeostasis required for normal male reproduction. OS strikes when a generation of seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms endogenous antioxidant capacity. Thus, antioxidant treatment finds remarkable relevance in the case of idiopathic male infertility or subfertility. However, due to lack of proper detection of OS in male infertility, use of antioxidant(s) in some cases may be arbitrary or lead to overuse and induction of ‘reductive stress’. Moreover, inflammation is closely linked to OS and may establish a vicious loop that is capable of disruption to male reproductive tissues. The result is exaggeration of cellular damage and disruption of male reproductive tissues. Therefore, limitations of antioxidant therapy in treating male infertility are the failure in the selection of specific treatments targeting inflammation and OS simultaneously, two of the core mechanisms of male infertility. The present review aims to elucidate the antioxidant paradox in male infertility treatment, from the viewpoints of both induction of reductive stress as well as overlooking the inflammatory consequences.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal losses in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
T. A. Raskina ◽  
I. I. Grigorieva ◽  
O. S. Malyshenko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Lower Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
The Relationship

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is one of the most common autoinflammatory diseases that lead to early disability and high premature mortality rates. Along with lower bone mineral density, patients with AS are characterized by muscle mass decrease, such as sarcopenia. Musculoskeletal losses due to chronic immune inflammation and limited physical functioning significantly worsen prognosis and result in an increased risk of falls and fractures in patients with AS.The review considers the pathogenetic mechanisms of the relationship between AS and sarcopenia and the main approaches to treating degenerative changes in muscle tissue in patients with AS.

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