scholarly journals Probiotics: Should All Patients Take Them?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2620
Author(s):  
Marta Katkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Garbacz ◽  
Aida Kusiak
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Proven Efficacy ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Probiotic Strains

The usefulness of probiotics in the treatment as well as prevention of many infections and disorders has been confirmed by previous clinical studies. They can protect not only against gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea or enteritis but they have proven efficacy against pneumonia, urogenital infection, depression/anxiety, cancer metastasis, obesity, and others. However, it should be mentioned that not all clinical trials have shown improvement of health in patients undergoing probiotic treatment, and very rarely have even reported that probiotic strains may be the causative agents of opportunistic infections. Studies have documented cases of sepsis/bacteremia, endocarditis, liver abscess, pneumonia, and fungemia caused by probiotic strains, mainly in high-risk groups. This review summarizes the cases of infections caused by probiotic strains and the potential hazard associated with the supplementation of probiotics in seriously ill and hospitalized patients.

Probiotics in gastroenterology – from a different angle

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Miklós Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel

After a short overview of the history of probiotics, the author presents the development of human intestinal microflora based on the newest genetic data and the microbiological features of main probiotics. The indications of probiotic administration have been defined and extended in recent years. The author reviews significant results of probiotic treatment in some gastrointestinal diseases based on meta-analytical data. Probiotics are useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile caused diarrhoea. In the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, preparations containing certain Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium strains or Saccaromyces boulardii could enhance by 5–10% the rate of successful eradication and reduce the incidence and severity of the side effects. Some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and thus the quality of life can be improved by probiotics. Their beneficial effect in ulcerative colitis was proven, while in Crohn’s disease has not yet been defined. The use of probiotics is not included in guidelines, with the exception of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus. For each disease it is advisable to use probiotics containing strains only with proven beneficial effect. The efficiency of preparations containing mixed strains has not yet been properly investigated. The author reviews the rare but potentially serious side effects of probiotics. In Hungary, there are many probiotic preparations available which can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription: their use is more empirical than evidence-based. The European Food Safety Authority has recently rejected claims for probiotics to be classed as medicines given the lack of convincing evidence on the effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. Clearly, further research is needed to collect evidence which could be incorporated into the international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 294–304.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION MARKERS OF INFECTION DUE TO C. TRACHOMATIS AND C. PNEUMONIAE, IN PATIENTS WITH DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-324
Author(s):  
N. E. Bondareva ◽  
E. Yu. Morgunova ◽  
N. A. Zigangirova ◽  
Yu. G. Shapkin ◽  
Yu. V. Chalyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Infectious Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Primary Focus

 To date, clinical data have convincingly shown that C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae infectious can cause serious diseases with severe complications and consequences. There are assumptions that the developed chronic chlamydial infection can become an important factor in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal tract diseases, which are manifested in the so-called post-infectious period. It is commonly known that chlamydial infection has a tropism to the cylindrical epithelium, which covers the human mucous membrane of the urethra, cervix, rectum, conjunctiva of the eyes and the throat. However, the role of the causative agents of chlamydial infections, such as C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae, in the occurrence of the gastrointestinal tract diseases has not been studied. In order to study the possible relationship between the gastrointestinal diseases and the presence of chlamydial infection markers, we have selected a group of patients with the gastrointestinal diseases and detected antibodies to C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae and DNA of these pathogens in blood serum, liver biopsy and bile ducts. As a result, C. trachomatis DNA in blood serum was detected in 50% of cases, and in liver biopsies — in 59.3%. A new approach has been developed in the serological diagnosis of chlamydial infection caused by C. trachomatis, which allowed for revealing diagnostic antibody titers in 51.9% of cases in this group of patients, and in the comparison group — in 11.6% of cases. Among 50% of patients, in whom DNA was revealed in blood serum, it was also revealed in 64.3% of cases in biopsy samples of gastrointestinal organs. Upon detection of C. trachomatis DNA in blood serum, antibodies to the “cultural” antigen were detected in 60.1% of cases, and with the simultaneous detection of C. trachomatis DNA in blood serum and gastrointestinal organs, they were found in 72.2% of cases. Simultaneous detection of C. trachomatis, both in blood serum and in the gastrointestinal tract, may indicate the ability of C. trachomatis to spread hematogenously and infect organs away from the primary focus of infection. The obtained data absolutely require further study in light of the identification of the relationship between the detection of the pathogen and the development of the gastrointestinal pathology. But in general, the results are not yet studied evidence of the possible gastrointestinal organs infection by C. trachomatis.

scholarly journals Physiological Properties and Salmonella Growth Inhibition of Probiotic Bacillus Strains Isolated from Environmental and Poultry Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Menconi ◽  
Marion J. Morgan ◽  
Neil R. Pumford ◽  
Billy M. Hargis ◽  
Guillermo Tellez
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Strains

The objective of the present study was to describe the physiological properties of seven potential probiotic strains of Bacillus spp. Isolates were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and by 16S rRNA sequence analyses for identification. Tolerance to acidic pH, high osmotic concentrations of NaCl, and bile salts were tested. Isolates were also evaluated for their ability to metabolize different carbohydrates sources. The antimicrobial sensitivity profiles were determined. Inhibition of gastrointestinal Salmonella colonization in an avian model was also evaluated. Five strains of Bacillus were tolerant to acidic conditions (pH 2.0) and all strains were tolerant to a high osmotic pressure (NaCl at 6.5%). Moreover, all strains were able to tolerate concentration of 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. Three strains were able to significantly reduce Salmonella Typhimurium levels in the crop and in the ceca of broiler-type chickens. Among the 12 antibiotics tested for antibiotic resistance, all strains were resistant to bacitracin and susceptible to gentamycin, neomycin, ormethoprim, triple sulfa, and spectinomycin. Bacterial spore formers have been shown to prevent gastrointestinal diseases in animals and humans. The results obtained in this study show important characteristics to be evaluated when selecting Bacillus spp. candidates to be used as probiotics.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Results of Gastrin-17 and its Related Influencing Factors in Health Check-Up Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shen ◽  
Junchao Zeng ◽  
Sanping Xu ◽  
Rui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Risk Factor ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: To analyze the difference of serum gastrin-17 levels in different sexs, ages, and body mass index (BMI) of healthy people, and to explore the correlation between gastrin 17 and pepsinogen, in addition to study the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection and various inflammatory factors on the secretion level of gastrin-17. Methods: 531 subjects who received physical examination in our center from April 2019 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. All the staff were tested for gastrin 17 (G17), pepsinogen I (PGI), pepsinogen II (PGII), PGI / PGII (PGR), Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and other inflammatory factors. To compare the difference of G17 secretion in different populations and its correlation with PG, then to understand the HP infection and the influence of inflammatory indicators on G17. Results: There was no significant difference in the secretion level of G17 in different sex, age and BMI (P > 0.05); G17 was positively correlated with PGI and PGII, but negatively correlated with PGR; the level of G17 in Helicobacter pylori positive patients was 10.16±12.84, which was significantly higher than that in negative patients(3.27±6.65), P =0.017, 95% CI: 1.713 (1.100, 2.668); the increase of serum amyloid A(SAA) in different inflammatory indicators was the high-risk factor of G17 abnormality, P=0.016, 95% CI: 2.692 (1.202, 6.028), obviously CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) had no effect on G17 abnormalities. Conclusions: The secretion of G17 is closely related to PG and HP. Combined screening is helpful for early screening of gastrointestinal diseases in healthy or high-risk groups of gastric cancer, but the influence of inflammatory indicators on G17 should be excluded to improve the reliability of the results.

scholarly journals Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and their structure in healthy women. The main findings of the project “The three ages of a woman”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Voevodina ◽  
Elena Maychuk ◽  
Olga Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Female Subjects

Aims and objectives. Identify the priority features of the formation of the most significant diseases in women with the focus on the determination of disease markers and their development triggers. Materials and methods. 408 healthy women from the students and employees of The Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Yevdokimov took part in the research. All the women completed a questionnaire, which was elaborated by the researchers. The survey contained questions designed to identify major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and explore dietary and physical activity habits, bad habits and diseases, gynaecological status. Results. All the participants were divided into 4 groups. The 1st group included 157 female subjects under the age of 24; the 2nd was represented by 113 women above the age of 25 who reported pregnancy and birth in their case history; the 3rd group was formed by non-parous 74 women of the same age and the 4th one consisted of 64 postmenopausal women. Complaints of dyspnea and unpleasant feelings in the region of the heart which were not caused by physical exercise were found, for the most part (р=0,001), in the women of the fourth group (73 % opposed to 36 % of cases in the 1st group). 18.4% of the interviewed smoked and were mainly found in the groups of reproductive-age women. Worth noting that lack of physical activity was reported in the groups. Inactivity was found predominantly (48 %, р=0,001) in the volunteers of the 4th group. A third of the women from that group noted the symptoms of physical activity intolerance represented by dyspnea and weakness. 41,4 % of the female subjects (n=169) had chronic conditions: most of them were gastrointestinal diseases with the prevalence of gastritis (36,5 %). The analysis of the gynaecological status of the interviewed allowed to discover ovarian dysfunction in 26,8 % of the interviewed women. 52 % of the women from the 1st group suffered from premenstrual syndrome. 14,7 % of the interviewed had a premature birth. 11,7 % of the women had undergone C-section. Pregnancy complications were reported in 15,4 % of the interviewed; 11,4 % of the cases were pregnancy losses. 28 % of the representatives of the 4th group reported surgical menopause. This group demonstrates the proven (р=0,001) increase of body mass index, high arterial pressure, hot flushes, insomnia. Conclusion. The conducted research allowed discovering significant negative impacts of smoking, low physical activity, unhealthy diet, especially, in the group of reproductive-age women. Hormonal disorders, pathology in pregnant women found in the groups of young subjects as well as high rate of somatic diseases in healthy women require an in-depth study of the identified risk groups.

scholarly journals Dynamics of changes in clinical-hematological indices in pigs in infections pathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Лідія Коваленко ◽  
Олександр Коваленко
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Livestock Products

The article presents the results of a number of studies on the causative agents of the associated form of pig gastrointestinal diseases. At present, it is a strategic direction in addressing the issue of providing the population of various latitudes with livestock products that meets all the requirements of  EFSA. Pig production has its development and is becoming a promising industry on this issue. One of the significant veterinary dilemmas that reduce the efficiency of technological processes in breeding and raising pigs, there are still diseases of young animals associated with disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. In many countries where pig breeding is developed, this issue comes first because the manifestation of pathological processes in the body of piglets, at an early stage of their development, leads to reinvestment of a healthy livestock in this industry. Monitoring of research results over the past years, not only in our country, but also beyond its borders, shows that abiotices stress factors of the environment contribute to the reduction of nonspecific resistance of the organism of piglets. Diseases caused by pathogens of an infectious nature are closely interconnected with the body and environmental factors. Despite the fact that specific treatment methods aimed at eliminating the diarrhea syndrome of newborn piglets, the safety of the livestock remains one of the most acute problems in veterinary medicine. A lot of ascertaining data on the role of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella in infectious diseases of young animals makes it possible to develop systems of measures to combat these diseases, to widely use individual chemotherapeutic drugs, their combinations to determine effectiveness.

scholarly journals Global Epidemiology of Mucormycosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariprasath Prakash ◽  
Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Pulmonary Mucormycosis ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Causative Agents

Mucormycosis is an angio-invasive fungal infection, associated with high morbidity and mortality. A change in the epidemiology of mucormycosis has been observed in recent years with the rise in incidence, new causative agents and susceptible population. The rise has been perceived globally, but it is very high in the Asian continent. Though diabetes mellitus overshadow all other risk factors in Asia, post-tuberculosis and chronic renal failure have emerged as new risk groups. The rhino-cerebral form of mucormycosis is most commonly seen in patients with diabetes mellitus, whereas, pulmonary mucormycosis in patients with haematological malignancy and transplant recipients. In immunocompetent hosts, cutaneous mucormycosis is commonly seen following trauma. The intriguing clinical entity, isolated renal mucormycosis in immunocompetent patients is only reported from China and India. A new clinical entity, indolent mucormycosis in nasal sinuses, is recently recognized. The causative agents of mucormycosis vary across different geographic locations. Though Rhizopus arrhizus is the most common agent isolated worldwide, Apophysomyces variabilis is predominant in Asia and Lichtheimia species in Europe. The new causative agents, Rhizopus homothallicus, Mucor irregularis, and Thamnostylum lucknowense are reported from Asia. In conclusion, with the change in epidemiology of mucormycosis country-wise studies are warranted to estimate disease burden in different risk groups, analyse the clinical disease pattern and identify the new etiological agents.

scholarly journals PROBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES: ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Compare ◽  
Costantino Sgamato ◽  
Olga Maria Nardone ◽  
Alba Rocco ◽  
Pietro Coccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Background: Multiple lines of evidence now support the notion that gut microbiota can contribute to digestive and extra-digestive diseases. The emergence of these observations enabled to postulate a bacteria-centric paradigm upon which to rethink the treatment of many diseases. The goal of therapy should not be to eradicate the flora but to modify it in a way that leads to symptomatic improvement; thus, the interest in the use of probiotics to modulate microbiota composition has increased worldwide in both community and healthcare settings. Summary: The results of published studies are conflicting for most probiotic strains and formulations, and clinicians and consumers need a better understanding of probiotic risks and benefits. Currently, clear guidelines on when to use probiotics and the most effective probiotic for different gastrointestinal conditions are still lacking. Here we reviewed the studies on the use of probiotics in some diseases of relevant interest to gastroenterologists, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Key message: Although the evidence is relevant and promising for probiotics in general, and for specific strains and combinations of strains, it is not yet sufficient to draw unequivocal conclusions and clear recommendations.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SEPSIS

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Noskova ◽  
E. V. Anganova ◽  
G. V. Gvak ◽  
E. D. Savilov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Major Direction ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Human Death

Last decades a sepsis problem attracts the increased interest in the world community. In spite of definite achievements of modern fundamental and clinical medicine, sepsis as before is characterized by significant dissemination and high lethality. The problems of sepsis spread in various countries are discussed. It is shown that annually million cases of generalized purulent-septic infections are diagnosed. Steady sepsis increase is registered in industrially developed countries. Share of severe sepsis in pathology structure varies from 2 to 43% in different territories. Sepsis still remains among leading causes of human death being characterized by essential hospital lethality (from 30,6 to 80,4%). The patient categories belonging to high risk groups of sepsis development are shown. Special attention is directed to epidemiological manifestations of this pathological syndrome in pediatrics. Features of etiologic spectrum of the sepsis causative agents, increasing etiological importance of multi-resistant bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., MRSA, VRE, etc.) are demonstrated. In consideration of clinical-epidemiological, social and economic significance of sepsis, studying of its epidemiological aspects is the major direction of activities for Public Health services.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE THYROID GLAND IN HIV-INFECTED

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Timofeeva ◽  
O. Ya. Leshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

In the article the current literature, devoted to the peculiarities of functioning of the thyroid gland in patients with HIV infection, is analyzed. Based on the analysis of literature data bases demonstrated the structure of thyroid function disorders in HIV-infected, as well as the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these disorders. In the structure of thyroid function is dominated by hypothyroidism, euthyroid pathological syndrome, Graves' disease, for which the opportunistic infections are triggers immune activation.  It should be noted that the step of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is accompanied by the development of inflammatory and neoplastic processes in the thyroid gland. Convincingly demonstrated the negative impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive for the development of thyroid dysfunction, in connection which the expediency of forming risk groups and the timely correction of the projected thyroid diseases. 

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