scholarly journals Anti-Cancer and Medicinal Potentials of Moringa Isothiocyanate

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7512
Author(s):  
Yu-Yao Wu ◽  
Yan-Ming Xu ◽  
Andy T. Y. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Migration ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Moringa Isothiocyanate

Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), which belongs to the Moringaceae family, is a common herb, rich in plant compounds. It has a variety of bioactive compounds that can act as antioxidants, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents, etc., which can be obtained in different body parts of M. oleifera. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) from M. oleifera are one class of these active substances that can inhibit cancer proliferation and promote cancer cell apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways, thus curbing cancer migration and metastasis, at the same time they have little adverse effect on normal cells. There are multiple variants of ITCs in M. oleifera, but the predominant phytochemical is 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate, also known as moringa isothiocyanate (MIC-1). Studies have shown that MIC-1 has the possibility to be used clinically for the treatment of diabetes, neurologic diseases, obesity, ulcerative colitis, and several cancer types. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer and anti-chronic disease effects of MIC-1, current trends, and future direction of MIC-1 based treatment strategies. This review combines the relevant literature of the past 10 years, in order to provide more comprehensive information of MIC-1 and to fully exploit its potentiality in the clinical settings.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-Cancer Effects of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables in Bladder Cancer

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomhiro Mastuo ◽  
Yasuyoshi Miyata ◽  
Tsutomu Yuno ◽  
Yuta Mukae ◽  
Asato Otsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Future Direction

Bladder cancer (BC) is a representative of urological cancer with a high recurrence and metastasis potential. Currently, cisplatin-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are used as standard therapy in patients with advanced/metastatic BC. However, these therapies often show severe adverse events, and prolongation of survival is unsatisfactory. Therefore, a treatment strategy using natural compounds is of great interest. In this review, we focused on the anti-cancer effects of isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from cruciferous vegetables, which are widely cultivated and consumed in many regions worldwide. Specifically, we discuss the anti-cancer effects of four ITC compounds—allyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, and phenethyl isothiocyanate—in BC; the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-cancer effects; current trends and future direction of ITC-based treatment strategies; and the carcinogenic potential of ITCs. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of each ITC in BC treatment, furthering the consideration of ITCs in treatment strategies and for improving the prognosis of patients with BC.

scholarly journals Anti-Cancer and Protective Effects of Royal Jelly for Therapy-Induced Toxicities in Malignancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Miyata ◽  
Hideki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glandular Secretion ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Future ◽  
Queen Honeybee

Royal jelly (RJ) is a glandular secretion produced by worker honeybees and is a special food for the queen honeybee. It results in a significant prolongation of the lifespan of the queen honeybee compared with the worker honeybees through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities. Consequently, RJ is used as cosmetic and dietary supplement throughout the world. In addition, in vitro studies and animal experiments have demonstrated that RJ inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis in various types of malignant cells and affects the production of various chemokines, anti-oxidants and growth factors and the expression of cancer-related molecules in patients with malignancies, especially in patients treated with anti-cancer agents. Therefore, RJ is thought to exert anti-cancer effects on tumor growth and exhibit protective functions against drug-induced toxicities. RJ has also been demonstrated to be useful for suppression of adverse events, the maintenance of the quality of life during treatment and the improvement of prognosis in animal models and patients with malignancies. To understand the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of RJ, knowledge of the changes induced at the molecular level by RJ with respect to cell survival, inflammation, oxidative stress and other cancer-related factors is essential. In addition, the effects of combination therapies of RJ and other anti-cancer agents or natural compounds are important to determine the future direction of RJ-based treatment strategies. Therefore, in this review, we have covered the following five issues: (1) the anti-cancer effects of RJ and its main component, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid; (2) the protective effects of RJ against anti-cancer agent-induced toxicities; (3) the molecular mechanisms of such beneficial effects of RJ; (4) the safety and toxicity of RJ; and (5) the future directions of RJ-based treatment strategies, with a discussion on the limitations of the study of the biological activities of RJ.

scholarly journals OTEH-7. Molecular characterization of tumor stiffness in glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii11-ii12
Author(s):  
Skarphedinn Halldorsson ◽  
Siri Fløgstad Svensson ◽  
Henriette Engen Berg ◽  
Denise Wolrab ◽  
Frode Rise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Tissue Stiffness ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tumor Stiffness

Abstract Tumor heterogeneity is one of the hallmarks of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Morphology within a given GBM tumor can be extremely variable where some regions of the tumor have a soft, gel-like structure while other areas are dense and fibrous. Abnormal mechanical stress and tissue stiffening caused by cancer proliferation are believed to affect vascularity by compressing structurally weak blood vessels and restricting the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tissue. These effects contribute to a hypoxic microenvironment that promotes disease progression and chemoresistance. The genetic and molecular mechanisms that govern tissue stiffness within GBM tumors, however, are largely unknown. Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is an emerging technique for quantifying tissue stiffness non-invasively. We have evaluated 10 GBM patients by MRE imaging obtained prior to surgical resection. During surgery, 2–7 stereotactically navigated biopsies were collected from locations within the tumor with varying degrees of measured stiffness. Biopsies were processed to extract RNA, proteins, polar metabolites and lipids. Biomolecules were analyzed on relevant -omics platforms (RNA sequencing, MS-proteomics and lipidomics, NMR of polar metabolites). Differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis of patient paired biopsies indicate an overall increase in macrophage infiltration and extracellular matrix re-organization associated with increased tumor stiffness. Among the most highly upregulated genes in stiff tumor tissue were lymphatic endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1 (LYVE-1) and macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), both of which have been associated with immune cell infiltration and tissue stiffness. Our preliminary findings offer novel insights into tumor morphology in GBM that can be inferred from imaging prior to surgery. This can be used to identify tumor regions with high risk of progression and infiltration, thereby informing and guiding surgical strategy and may ultimately lead to novel treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Present Status, Limitations and Future Directions of Treatment Strategies Using Fucoidan-Based Therapies in Bladder Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3776
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Miyata ◽  
Tomohiro Matsuo ◽  
Kojiro Ohba ◽  
Kensuke Mitsunari ◽  
Yuta Mukae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Anti Cancer

Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urological cancer, with poor prognosis for advanced/metastatic stages. Various intensive treatments, including radical cystectomy, chemotherapy, immune therapy, and radiotherapy are commonly used for these patients. However, these treatments often cause complications and adverse events. Therefore, researchers are exploring the efficacy of natural product-based treatment strategies in BC patients. Fucoidan, derived from marine brown algae, is recognized as a multi-functional and safe substrate, and has been reported to have anti-cancer effects in various types of malignancies. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro studies have reported the protective effects of fucoidan against cancer-related cachexia and chemotherapeutic agent-induced adverse events. In this review, we have introduced the anti-cancer effects of fucoidan extracts in BC and highlighted its molecular mechanisms. We have also shown the anti-cancer effects of fucoidan therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and new treatment strategies using fucoidan-based nanoparticles in various malignancies. Moreover, apart from the improvement of anti-cancer effects by fucoidan, its protective effects against cancer-related disorders and cisplatin-induced toxicities have been introduced. However, the available information is insufficient to conclude the clinical usefulness of fucoidan-based treatments in BC patients. Therefore, we have indicated the aspects that need to be considered regarding fucoidan-based treatments and future directions for the treatment of BC.

scholarly journals Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biomolecules: Molecular Targets Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10774
Author(s):  
Nouf Juaid ◽  
Amr Amin ◽  
Ali Abdalla ◽  
Kevin Reese ◽  
Zaenah Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Essential Resource

This report explores the available curative molecules directed against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Limited efficiency as well as other drawbacks of existing molecules led to the search for promising potential alternatives. Understanding of the cell signaling mechanisms propelling carcinogenesis and driven by cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis can offer valuable information for the investigation of efficient treatment strategies. The complexity of the mechanisms behind carcinogenesis inspires researchers to explore the ability of various biomolecules to target specific pathways. Natural components occurring mainly in food and medicinal plants, are considered an essential resource for discovering new and promising therapeutic molecules. Novel biomolecules normally have an advantage in terms of biosafety. They are also widely diverse and often possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Based on quantitative structure–activity relationship studies, biomolecules can be used as templates for chemical modifications that improve efficiency, safety, and bioavailability. In this review, we focus on anti-HCC biomolecules that have their molecular targets partially or completely characterized as well as having anti-cancer molecular mechanisms that are fairly described.

scholarly journals FGF/FGFR-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5796
Author(s):  
Jakub Szymczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Dominika Sluzalska ◽  
Izabela Materla ◽  
Lukasz Opalinski ◽  
Jacek Otlewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Cancer Drug Resistance ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Further Development

Increased expression of both FGF proteins and their receptors observed in many cancers is often associated with the development of chemoresistance, limiting the effectiveness of currently used anti-cancer therapies. Malfunctioning of the FGF/FGFR axis in cancer cells generates a number of molecular mechanisms that may affect the sensitivity of tumors to the applied drugs. Of key importance is the deregulation of cell signaling, which can lead to increased cell proliferation, survival, and motility, and ultimately to malignancy. Signaling pathways activated by FGFRs inhibit apoptosis, reducing the cytotoxic effect of some anti-cancer drugs. FGFRs-dependent signaling may also initiate angiogenesis and EMT, which facilitates metastasis and also correlates with drug resistance. Therefore, treatment strategies based on FGF/FGFR inhibition (using receptor inhibitors, ligand traps, monoclonal antibodies, or microRNAs) appear to be extremely promising. However, this approach may lead to further development of resistance through acquisition of specific mutations, metabolism switching, and molecular cross-talks. This review brings together information on the mechanisms underlying the involvement of the FGF/FGFR axis in the generation of drug resistance in cancer and highlights the need for further research to overcome this serious problem with novel therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Lignans from Bursera fagaroides: Chemistry, Pharmacological Effects and Molecular Mechanism. A Current Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Mayra Antúnez-Mojica ◽  
Antonio Romero-Estrada ◽  
Israel Hurtado-Díaz ◽  
Alfonso Miranda-Molina ◽  
Laura Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Medicinal Tree ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
A Current

Bursera fagaroides is a medicinal tree endemic to México, it belongs to the Burseraceae family and has proven antitumor activity. Modern research, performed principally with the bark extracts, have indicated that lignans are the main active constituents of B. fagaroides, with a high content of aryltetralin, aryldihydronaphtalene, dibenzylbutirolactone, and dibenzylbutane-type lignans as the constituents of the active extracts. In general, lignans from B. fagaroides exhibited potent anti-cancer activity, although antitumor, anti-bacterial, anti-protozoal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties have also been described. This review covers literature-reported lignans from B. fagaroides, chemical structures, nomenclature, chromatographic techniques of isolation, characterization strategies, and highlights the anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of lignans. Evaluation of the anticancer function of lignans has been extensively investigated since the cytotoxic in vitro results and in vivo assays in mice and zebrafish models to the tubulin molecular recognition by NMR. Also, we discuss the future direction for studying this important plant species and its lignan metabolites.

Role of Resveratrol in Modulating microRNAs in Human Diseases: From Cancer to Inflammatory Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Amiri ◽  
Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran ◽  
Zatollah Asemi ◽  
Alimohammad Shafiee ◽  
Sarah Hajighadimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

: Cancer and inflammatory disorders are two important public health issues worldwide with significant socio.economic impacts. Despite several efforts, the current therapeutic platforms are associated with severe limitations. Therefore, developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases is a top priority. Besides current therapies, the utilization of natural compounds has emerged as a new horizon for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory disorders as well. Such natural compounds could be used either alone or in combination with the standard cancer therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that is found in grapes as well as other foods. It has been found that this medicinal agent displays a wide pharmacological spectrum, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and antioxidant activities. Recently, clinical and pre-clinical studies have highlighted the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol. Increasing evidence revealed that resveratrol exerts its therapeutic effects by targeting various cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among cellular and molecular targets that are modulated by resveratrol, microRNAs (miRNAs) have appeared as key targets. MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that act as epigenetic regulators. These molecules are involved in many processes that are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer and inflammatory disorders. Herein, we summarized various miRNAs that are directly/indirectly influenced by resveratrol in cancer and inflammatory disorders.

Novel Findings of Anti-cancer Property of Propofol

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Wang ◽  
Chien-shan Cheng ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Xiaowei Ding ◽  
Minmin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Attention

Background: Propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent, is traditionally applied for sedation and general anesthesia. Explanation: Recent attention has been drawn to explore the effect and mechanisms of propofol against cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the proliferation-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing properties of propofol in cancer have been studied. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Conclusion: This review focused on the findings within the past ten years and aimed to provide a general overview of propofol's malignance-modulating properties and the potential molecular mechanisms.

Radio-Susceptibility of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Focus on Epstein- Barr Virus, MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanghong Lei ◽  
Tongda Lei ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Mingxiu Yang ◽  
Mingchu Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Epstein Barr

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of head and neck cancer. As a neoplastic disorder, NPC is a highly malignant squamous cell carcinoma that is derived from the nasopharyngeal epithelium. NPC is radiosensitive; radiotherapy or radiotherapy combining with chemotherapy are the main treatment strategies. However, both modalities are usually accompanied by complications and acquired resistance to radiotherapy is a significant impediment to effective NPC therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover effective radio-sensitization and radio-resistance biomarkers for NPC. Recent studies have shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded products, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which share several common signaling pathways, can function in radio-related NPC cells or tissues. Understanding these interconnected regulatory networks will reveal the details of NPC radiation sensitivity and resistance. In this review, we discuss and summarize the specific molecular mechanisms of NPC radio-sensitization and radio-resistance, focusing on EBV-encoded products, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs. This will provide a foundation for the discovery of more accurate, effective and specific markers related to NPC radiotherapy. EBVencoded products, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs have emerged as crucial molecules mediating the radio-susceptibility of NPC. This understanding will improve the clinical application of markers and inform the development of novel therapeutics for NPC.

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