scholarly journals Evaluation of the Safety and Toxicity of the Original Copper Nanocomposite Based on Poly-N-vinylimidazole

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Irina A. Shurygina ◽  
Galina F. Prozorova ◽  
Irina S. Trukhan ◽  
Svetlana A. Korzhova ◽  
Nataliya N. Dremina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Safety And Toxicity ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cultured Hepatocyte ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Hepatocyte Cells

A new original copper nanocomposite based on poly-N-vinylimidazole was synthesized and characterized by a complex of modern physicochemical and biological methods. The low cytotoxicity of the copper nanocomposite in relation to the cultured hepatocyte cells was found. The possibility to involve the copper from the nanocomposite in the functioning of the copper-dependent enzyme systems was evaluated during the incubation of the hepatocyte culture with this nanocomposite introduced to the nutrient medium. The synthesized new water-soluble copper-containing nanocomposite is promising for biotechnological and biomedical research as a new non-toxic hydrophilic preparation that is allowed to regulate the work of key enzymes involved in energy metabolism and antioxidant protection as well as potentially serving as an additional source of copper.

scholarly journals Green Preparation of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Cyanobacteria for Biological Imaging

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
Pei Yang ◽  
Qian Feng ◽  
Taotao Meng ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Biomass-based carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have become a significant carbon materials by their virtues of being cost-effective, easy to fabricate and low in environmental impact. However, there are few reports regarding using cyanobacteria as a carbon source for the synthesis of fluorescent CQDs. In this study, the low-cost biomass of cyanobacteria was used as the sole carbon source to synthesize water-soluble CQDs by a simple hydrothermal method. The synthesized CQDs were mono-dispersed with an average diameter of 2.48 nm and exhibited excitation-dependent emission performance with a quantum yield of 9.24%. Furthermore, the cyanobacteria-derived CQDs had almost no photobleaching under long-time UV irradiation, and exhibited high photostability in the solutions with a wide range of pH and salinity. Since no chemical reagent was involved in the synthesis of CQDs, the as-prepared CQDs were confirmed to have low cytotoxicity for PC12 cells even at a high concentration. Additionally, the CQDs could be efficiently taken up by cells to illuminate the whole cell and create a clear distinction between cytoplasm and nucleus. The combined advantages of green synthesis, cost-effectiveness and low cytotoxicity make synthesized CQDs a significant carbon source and broaden the application of cyanobacteria and provide an economical route to fabricate CQDs on a large scale.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Interaction with Biomolecules of Platinum(II) Complexes with Shikimic Acid-Based Ligands

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Peng ◽  
Min-Min Zhang ◽  
Zhen-Feng Chen ◽  
Kun Hu ◽  
Yan-Cheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Mtt Method ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Starting from the active ingredient shikimic acid (SA) of traditional Chinese medicine and NH2(CH2)nOH, (n=2–6), we have synthesized a series of new water-soluble Pt(II) complexes PtLa–eCl2, where La–eare chelating diamine ligands with carbon chain covalently attached to SA (La–e= SA-NH(CH2)nNHCH2CH2NH2; La,n=2; Lb,n=3; Lc,n=4; Ld,n=5; Le,n=6). The results of the elemental analysis, LC-MS, capillary electrophoresis, and1H,13C NMR indicated that there was only one product (isomer) formed under the present experimental conditions, in which the coordinate mode of PtLa–eCl2was two-amine bidentate. Theirin vitrocytotoxic activities were evaluated by MTT method, where these compounds only exhibited low cytotoxicity towards BEL7404, which should correlate their low lipophilicity. The interactions of the five Pt(II) complexes with DNA were investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis, which suggests that the Pt(II) complexes could induce DNA alteration. We also studied the interactions of the Pt(II) complexes with5′-GMP with ESI-MS and1H NMR and found that PtLbCl2, PtLcCl2, and PtLdCl2could react with5′-GMP to form mono-GMP and bis-GMP adducts. Furthermore, the cell-cycle analysis revealed that PtLbCl2, PtLcCl2cause cell G2-phase arrest after incubation for 72 h. Overall, these water-soluble Pt(II) complexes interact with DNA mainly through covalent binding, which blocks the DNA synthesis and replication and thus induces cytotoxicity that weakens as the length of carbon chain increases.

COMPARISON OF BARLEY GUMS ISOLATED BY VARIOUS PROCEDURES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. S. Meredith ◽  
T. A. Watts ◽  
J. A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Molecular Complex ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Aqueous Extraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Insoluble Form

A barley gum that is believed to be the undegraded, water-soluble, nonstarch polysaccharide of the grain has been isolated. Aqueous solutions of this gum are extremely viscous and are stable. Enzymes that degrade gum during simple aqueous extraction were inactivated first by refluxing barley grist in boiling 85% alcohol followed by extraction of the dried grist with a 1% solution of papain. Gums of lower degree of polymerization, as judged by viscosity measurements, were obtained by aqueous extraction and acid treatments. Two enzyme systems that degrade gums are thought to be present in barley. One (which is inactivated by alcohol) degrades the initially soluble gum and brings an initially insoluble form into solution. The second system (which is inactivated by papain) accompanies and degrades the initially soluble gum during aqueous extraction or in aqueous solutions of the preparation. The purest gum contains only 0.1% nitrogen, and this may be part of the molecular complex. Mild, cold, alkali treatment of this gum reduces molecular size considerably as measured by viscosity of solutions. "X"-enzyme isolated from a bacterial source cleaves the gum into two oligosaccharides of glucose and a component containing D-glucose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, and D-galactose. No free sugars are produced.

scholarly journals Pollen derived blue fluorescent carbon dots for bioimaging and monitoring of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in Brassica parachinensis L.

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (53) ◽  
pp. 33459-33465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinjian Zheng ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yingliang Liu ◽  
Xuejie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Potassium Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biological Sources ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Carbon dots (CDs), synthesized from biological sources, have attracted attention in bioimaging and bioscience due to their low cytotoxicity, water-soluble nature, and biocompatibility.

scholarly journals Photophysical Properties of Linked Zinc Phthalocyanine to Acryloyl Chloride:N-vinylpyrrolidone Copolymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4428
Author(s):  
Tamara Potlog ◽  
Ion Lungu ◽  
Pavel Tiuleanu ◽  
Stefan Robu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
Acylation Reaction ◽  
Maximum Cell ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Hepg2 Cell Lines ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Narrow Absorption Band

This paper focuses on the linking of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to N-vinylpyrrolidone (N-VP): acryloyl chloride (ClAC) copolymer. The synthesis of binary N-VP:ClAC copolymer was performed by the radical polymerization method and then grafted to ZnPc by the Friedel Crafts acylation reaction. We have developed a water-soluble ZnPc:ClAC:N-VP photosensitizer with a narrow absorption band at 970 nm, fluorescence at λem = 825 nm and the decay fluorescence profile with 3-decay relatively longer times of 1.2 µs, 4.6 µs, and 37 µs. The concentration-dependent dark cytotoxicity investigated in normal fibroblasts (NHDF), malignant melanoma (MeWo), adenocarcinoma (HeLa), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines incubated to increased concentrations of ZnPc:ClAC:N-VP (up to 40 μM) for 24 h in the dark show low cytotoxicity. Maximum cell viability in HeLa and HepG2 tumor cell lines was observed.

scholarly journals Low Molecular Weight Dextran Sulfate (ILB®) Administration Restores Brain Energy Metabolism Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Giacomo Lazzarino ◽  
Angela Maria Amorini ◽  
Nicholas M. Barnes ◽  
Lars Bruce ◽  
Alvaro Mordente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Post Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in people less than 40 years of age in Western countries. Currently, there are no satisfying pharmacological treatments for TBI patients. In this study, we subjected rats to severe TBI (sTBI), testing the effects of a single subcutaneous administration, 30 min post-impact, of a new low molecular weight dextran sulfate, named ILB®, at three different dose levels (1, 5, and 15 mg/kg body weight). A group of control sham-operated animals and one of untreated sTBI rats were used for comparison (each group n = 12). On day 2 or 7 post-sTBI animals were sacrificed and the simultaneous HPLC analysis of energy metabolites, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), oxidized and reduced nicotinic coenzymes, water-soluble antioxidants, and biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress was carried out on deproteinized cerebral homogenates. Compared to untreated sTBI rats, ILB® improved energy metabolism by increasing ATP, ATP/ adenosine diphosphate ratio (ATP/ADP ratio), and triphosphate nucleosides, dose-dependently increased NAA concentrations, protected nicotinic coenzyme levels and their oxidized over reduced ratios, prevented depletion of ascorbate and reduced glutathione (GSH), and decreased oxidative (malondialdehyde formation) and nitrosative stress (nitrite + nitrate production). Although needing further experiments, these data provide the first evidence that a single post-injury injection of a new low molecular weight dextran sulfate (ILB®) has beneficial effects on sTBI metabolic damages. Due to the absence of adverse effects in humans, ILB® represents a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of sTBI patients.

LECITHINASE SYSTEMS IN SUGAR BEET, SPINACH, CABBAGE, AND CARROT

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Kates
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Organic Phosphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Lecithinase activity of aqueous extracts of sugar beet, spinach, or cabbage leaves, and of carrot root was found to be associated entirely with the plastid fractions, separated by high-speed centrifugation. The supernatant cell sap–cytoplasm fractions were not only inactive but actually inhibitory. The rate of enzymatic liberation of choline from lecithin by all plastid fractions was found to be greatly increased by saturation with diethyl ether. The influence of pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and temperature on the rate of ether-activated choline liberation was studied and optimum conditions for the reaction were determined. Under optimum conditions, liberation of choline from lecithin by each of the plastid fractions was rapid and was accompanied by a much slower liberation of inorganic and water-soluble organic phosphate; liberation of phosphates was much greater with spinach than with the other species. Thermal inactivation and fluoride inhibition of the enzyme systems were also studied.

One-Pot Synthesis of Cy5-Encapsulated Photostable Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles for Bioimaging

Nano LIFE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1540007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjiao Lu ◽  
Bicheng He ◽  
Zhuo Gao ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Fluorescence ◽  
Microemulsion Synthesis

A new type of Cy5-encapsulated photostable fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) bearing positive charges have been successfully fabricated by a reverse microemulsion synthesis in one-pot. The Cy5 dye containing four primary amines are embedded into silica via covalent bonds through a silane coupling agent (GPTMS), followed by co-condensation with tetraethylorthosilicate. The uniform-sized, spherical and monodispersed FSNPs have high fluorescence intensity and photostability. The FSNPs exhibit high stability, good biocompatibility as well as low cytotoxicity. These FSNPs can be internalized into live cells and thus fluorescently label the cells. This study provides a simple synthesis approach that can be applied to other water-soluble and amino-modified organic dye molecules for biological targeting and fluorescent cell imaging.

scholarly journals Role of Calixarene in Chemotherapy Delivery Strategies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3963
Author(s):  
Rossella Basilotta ◽  
Deborah Mannino ◽  
Alessia Filippone ◽  
Giovanna Casili ◽  
Angela Prestifilippo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Since cancer is a multifactorial disease with a high mortality rate, the study of new therapeutic strategies is one of the main objectives in modern research. Numerous chemotherapeutic agents, although widely used, have the disadvantage of being not very soluble in water or selective towards cancerous cells, with consequent side effects. Therefore, in recent years, a greater interest has emerged in innovative drug delivery systems (DDSs) such as calixarene, a third-generation supramolecular compound. Calixarene and its water-soluble derivatives show good biocompatibility and have low cytotoxicity. Thanks to their chemical–physical characteristics, calixarenes can be easily functionalized, and by itself can encapsulate host molecules forming nanostructures capable of releasing drugs in a controlled way. The encapsulation of anticancer drugs in a calixarene derivate improves their bioavailability and efficacy. Thus, the use of calixarenes as carriers of anticancer drugs could reduce their side effects and increase their affinity towards the target. This review summarizes the numerous research advances regarding the development of calixarene nanoparticles capable of encapsulating various anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS BY CELL-FREE OR WATER-SOLUBLE ENZYME SYSTEMS

1952 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roscoe O. Brady ◽  
Samuel Gurin ◽  
With the technical assistance of Jessie Van Baalen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Systems
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