scholarly journals Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of a Polyphenol-Rich Ingredient, Oleactiv®, in a Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Golden Syrian Hamster Model

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Romain ◽  
Antonio Piemontese ◽  
Simone Battista ◽  
Franco Bernini ◽  
Alice Ossoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Golden Syrian Hamster ◽  
Positive Effects

The development of nutraceutical ingredients has risen as a nutritional solution for health prevention. This study evaluated the effects of Oleactiv®, an ingredient developed for the prevention of atherogenesis, in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Oleactiv® is a polyphenol-rich ingredient obtained from artichoke, olive and grape extracts as part of fruit and vegetables commonly consumed within the Mediterranean diet. A total of 21 Golden Syrian hamsters were divided into three groups. The standard group (STD) was fed a normolipidemic diet for 12 weeks, while the control group (CTRL) and Oleactiv® goup (OLE) were fed a high-fat diet. After sacrifice, the aortic fatty streak area (AFSA), plasmatic total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), non-HDL-C and triglycerides (TG), were assessed. The cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of hamster plasma was quantified using a radiolabeled technique in murine macrophages J774. OLE administration induced a significant reduction of AFSA (−69%, p < 0.0001). Hamsters of the OLE group showed a significant decrease of both non-HDL-C (−173 mmol/L, p < 0.05) and TG (−154 mmol/L, p < 0.05). Interestingly, OLE induced a significant increase of total CEC (+17,33%, p < 0,05). Oleactiv® supplementation prevented atheroma development and had positive effects on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic hamsters. The increased CEC underlines the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism at the root of the atheroma reduction observed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Berries in High-Fat Fed C57BL/6J Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovisa Heyman ◽  
Ulrika Axling ◽  
Narda Blanco ◽  
Olov Sterner ◽  
Cecilia Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides

Objective. The aim of the study was to screen eight species of berries for their ability to prevent obesity and metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes.Methods. C57BL/6J mice were assigned the following diets for 13 weeks: low-fat diet, high-fat diet or high-fat diet supplemented (20%) with lingonberry, blackcurrant, bilberry, raspberry, açai, crowberry, prune or blackberry.Results. The groups receiving a high-fat diet supplemented with lingonberries, blackcurrants, raspberries or bilberries gained less weight and had lower fasting insulin levels than the control group receiving high-fat diet without berries. Lingonberries, and also blackcurrants and bilberries, significantly decreased body fat content, hepatic lipid accumulation, and plasma levels of the inflammatory marker PAI-1, as well as mediated positive effects on glucose homeostasis. The group receiving açai displayed increased weight gain and developed large, steatotic livers. Quercetin glycosides were detected in the lingonberry and the blackcurrant diets.Conclusion. Lingonberries were shown to fully or partially prevent the detrimental metabolic effects induced by high-fat diet. Blackcurrants and bilberries had similar properties, but to a lower degree. We propose that the beneficial metabolic effects of lingonberries could be useful in preventing obesity and related disorders.

scholarly journals Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum extract

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1798
Author(s):  
Swandari Paramita ◽  
Meiliati Aminyoto ◽  
Sjarif Ismail ◽  
Enos Tangke Arung
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Diet Control

Background: Hypercholesterolemia, high cholesterol levels in the blood, can contribute to many forms of disease, most notably cardiovascular disease. Anti-hypercholesterolemic agents generally used for those conditions have several side effects for patients. Zingiber montanum, known locally as “bangle”, belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is a potential plants for alternative anti-hypercholesterolemic agents. This plant, from East Kalimantan, is used in traditional medicine for health problems caused by high cholesterol levels. The aim of this research was to find alternatives to anti-hypercholesterolemic agents, especially from natural sources. Methods: This study was an experimental study using 30 Wistar male white rats. Subjects were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5): (1) normal control group; (2) high fat diet control group; (3) high fat diet with simvastatin; (4-6) high fat diet with Zingiber montanum extracts 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. After 4 weeks of treatment, blood was collected from all groups, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured. Results: The results showed significant differences in total cholesterol (p=0.000), LDL (p=0.000) and triglycerides (p=0.001) in the high-fat diet group with Z. montanum extract, as compared to the high-fat diet control. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in HDL levels (p=0.830) between the high-fat diet group and other groups. The results also showed significant differences in total cholesterol and LDLs for rats treated with Z. montanum extract, 100 mg/kg (p=0.000), 200 mg/kg (p=0.000), and 400 mg/kg (p=0.000) compared to the high-fat diet group. The result of Z. montanum 400 mg/kg also showed a significant reduction, not only for total cholesterol and LDLs, but also for triglycerides (p=0.030). Conclusion: It could be concluded that Z. montanum extracts have the potency to be further developed as a new natural source of the anti-hypercholesterolemic agents.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds from Rice Bran Ameliorate Hyperglycemia in High Fat Diet-induced Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 434-434
Author(s):  
Qin Ma ◽  
Ruifen Zhang ◽  
Mingwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Regulate Lipid Metabolism

Abstract Objectives To clarify that phenolic compounds in rice bran play a role in regulating lipid metabolism, we used high-fat diet-induced mice to investigate effects of rice bran phenolic extract on lipid metabolism, and related mechanism are also explored. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 animals each. The mice in the normal control group (NC) were fed with the purified D12450H diet (10% energy from fat), while the other 3 groups were fed with the purified high fat (HF) diet D12451 (45% energy from fat) ad libitum to induce dyslipidemia. In the HF + LP and HF-HP groups, RBPE was administered intragastrically every day at the dose of 200 mg/kg/d and 400 mg/kg/d, respectively together with the intake of HF diet. After 16 weeks’ treatment, the animals were fasted for 12 h and then anesthetized withr ether. Results High-Fat Diet administration for 16 weeks significantly increased the weights of liver and adipose tissue mass and induced increased levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol and decreased high-density lipoproteins cholesterol. Long-term intake of RBPE (200 mg/kg/d and 400 mg/kg/d) could significantly improve lipid profiles in serum. Histological analysis and oil red O staining results showed that RBPE could ameliorate liver steatosis and inhibit adipocytes enlargement and lipid filling in epididymal fat tissue. Besides, RBPE could alleviate oxidative stress in liver, which might be responsible for its protective effect on liver steatosis. Further study showed that RBPE might regulate lipid metabolism through promoting the activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α, thereby inhibiting expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). Conclusions RBPE might regulate lipid metabolism through AMPKα-mediated SREBP-1c and HMGR pathways. These results provide us new evidences of the health effect of rice bran and encourage us consume more brown rice instead of refined rice. Funding Sources This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, Group Program of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province and the Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Modern Agriculture Industry Technology Innovation Teams.

scholarly journals Effects of sesame oil on learning and memory impairment and biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats with a long-term high-fat diet consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Rustaei ◽  
Reihaneh Sadeghian ◽  
Iraj Salehi ◽  
Abdolrahman Sarihi ◽  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Nowadays, high-fat foods are eaten in most societies, which causes memory impairment and anxiety through the oxidative stress pathway. Sesame oil (SO) has potential antioxidant properties. Therefore, the effects of sesame oil on memory impairment and anxiety caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in male rats were investigated. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 10): control (standard diet; SD), the HFD, SD + SO (0.5, 1, or 2 ml/kg; once/day, gavage), and HFD + SO (0.5, 1, or 2 ml/kg; once/day, gavage) groups. All diets were given to the animals for three months. Finally, behavioral and oxidative stress parameters were measured. The step-through latency of retention test in SD + SO (0.5 or 1 ml/kg) groups increased more than the control group. Also, the Barnes test on training days revealed that the latency time to find the target hole increased in the HFD group compared with the control group. Moreover, the time spent on the open arms in the SD + SO (0.5 ml/kg) group improved remarkably than the control group. Total oxidant (TOS) level in the HFD + SO (0.5, 1, and 2 ml/kg) groups was lower than the HFD group. The level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the SD + SO (2 ml/kg) group was higher than the SD + SO (0.5 ml/kg) group and the amount of thiol in the HFD group decreased compared with the control group. These findings suggest that the positive effects of SO on memory and anxiety are probably due to its antioxidant properties and the elimination of free radicals.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2501
Author(s):  
Maihemuti Mijiti ◽  
Ryosuke Mori ◽  
Bingyu Huang ◽  
Kenichiro Tsukamoto ◽  
Keisuke Kiriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Fas Mrna ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Peptide

Dietary protamine can ameliorate hyperlipidemia; however, the protamine-derived active peptide and its hypolipidemic mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic peptide, RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg), derived from protamine in mice fed a high-fat diet for 50 days. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. White adipose tissue weight was significantly decreased in the protamine and RPR groups. The fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid was significantly higher in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of hepatic SCD1, SREBP1, and adipocyte FAS mRNA, and significantly increased expression of hepatic PPARα and adipocyte PPARγ1 mRNA in the protamine group. These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of protamine are linked to the upregulation of adipocyte PPARγ1 and hepatic PPARα and the downregulation of hepatic SCD1 via SREBP1 and adipocyte FAS. RPR derived from protamine has a crucial role in the anti-obesity action of protamine by evaluating the effective dose of adipose tissue weight loss.

scholarly journals Maternal tadalafil therapy for fetal growth restriction prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and adipocyte hypertrophy in the offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kawamura ◽  
Hiroaki Tanaka ◽  
Ryota Tachibana ◽  
Kento Yoshikawa ◽  
Shintaro Maki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effects of maternal tadalafil therapy on fetal programming of metabolic function in a mouse model of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Pregnant C57BL6 mice were divided into the control, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and tadalafil + L-NAME groups. Six weeks after birth, the male pups in each group were given a high-fat diet. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed at 15 weeks and the pups were euthanized at 20 weeks. We then assessed the histological changes in the liver and adipose tissue, and the adipocytokine production. We found that the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score was higher in the L-NAME group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Although the M1 macrophage numbers were significantly higher in the L-NAME/high-fat diet group (p < 0.001), maternal tadalafil administration prevented this change. Moreover, the epididymal adipocyte size was significantly larger in the L-NAME group than in the control group. This was also improved by maternal tadalafil administration (p < 0.05). Further, we found that resistin levels were significantly lower in the L-NAME group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The combination of exposure to maternal L-NAME and a high-fat diet induced glucose impairment and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, maternal tadalafil administration prevented these complications. Thus, deleterious fetal programming caused by FGR might be modified by in utero intervention with tadalafil.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Polyphenol Enriched Complex Plants Extract on Metabolic Dysfunctions Associated with Obesity and Related Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases in High Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Ahtesham Hussain ◽  
Jin Sook Cho ◽  
Jong-Seok Kim ◽  
Young Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Plants Extract

Background: Currently, obesity is a global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence and associated health risk. It is associated with various metabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, certain forms of cancer, and non-alcoholic liver diseases (NAFLD). Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of polyphenol enriched herbal complex (Rubus crataegifolius/ellagic acid, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge/vitexin, chlorogenic acid, Cinnamomum cassiaa/cinnamic acid) on obesity and obesity induced NAFLD in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. Methods: Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6 mice using HFD. After 8 weeks, the mice were treated with HFD+ plants extract for 8 weeks. Body weight, food intake weekly, and blood sugar level were measured. After sacrifice, changes in the treated group’s liver weight, fat weight, serum biochemical parameters, hormone levels, and enzyme levels were measured. For histological analysis, tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Oil Red-O. Results: Our results showed that the herbal complex ameliorated body weight and liver weight gain, and decreased total body fat in HFD-fed animals. Post prandial blood glucose (PBG) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were lower in the herbal complex-treated group than in the HFD control group. Additionally, herbal formulation treatment significantly increased HDL levels in serum and decreased TC, TG, AST, ALT, deposition of fat droplets in the liver, and intima media thickness (IMT) in the aorta. Herbal complex increased serum adiponectin and decreased serum leptin. Herbal complex also increased carnitine palmityl transferase (CPT) activity and significantly decreased enzyme activity of beta-hydroxy beta methyl glutamyl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the herbal complex is an effective herbal formulation in the attenuation of obesity and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction including NAFLD in HFD-induced mouse model.

scholarly journals High-fat diet-induced obesity and impairment of brain neurotransmitter pool

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Ranyah Shaker M. Labban ◽  
Hanan Alfawaz ◽  
Ahmed T. Almnaizel ◽  
Wail M. Hassan ◽  
Ramesa Shafi Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brain Neurotransmitter ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lean Group

AbstractObesity and the brain are linked since the brain can control the weight of the body through its neurotransmitters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain functioning through the measurement of brain glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin metabolic pools. In the present study, two groups of rats served as subjects. Group 1 was fed a normal diet and named as the lean group. Group 2 was fed an HFD for 4 weeks and named as the obese group. Markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, and vitamin C), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-12), and leptin along with a lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels) were measured in the serum. Neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate were measured in brain tissue. Fecal samples were collected for observing changes in gut flora. In brain tissue, significantly high levels of dopamine and glutamate as well as significantly low levels of serotonin were found in the obese group compared to those in the lean group (P > 0.001) and were discussed in relation to the biochemical profile in the serum. It was also noted that the HFD affected bacterial gut composition in comparison to the control group with gram-positive cocci dominance in the control group compared to obese. The results of the present study confirm that obesity is linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemic processes, and altered brain neurotransmitter levels that can cause obesity-related neuropsychiatric complications.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles Associated with High-Fat Diet in Mice

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwon Jo ◽  
Seung-Ho Seo ◽  
Seong-Eun Park ◽  
Hyun-Woo Kim ◽  
Eun-Ju Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Obesity can be caused by microbes producing metabolites; it is thus important to determine the correlation between gut microbes and metabolites. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota-metabolomic signatures that change with a high-fat diet and understand the underlying mechanisms. To investigate the profiles of the gut microbiota and metabolites that changed after a 60% fat diet for 8 weeks, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic analyses were performed. Mice belonging to the HFD group showed a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes but an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes compared to the control group. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, such as Lactococcus, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Oscillibacter, Ruminiclostridium, Harryflintia, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, and Erysipelatoclostridium, was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the control group. The increased relative abundance of Firmicutes in the HFD group was positively correlated with fecal ribose, hypoxanthine, fructose, glycolic acid, ornithine, serum inositol, tyrosine, and glycine. Metabolic pathways affected by a high fat diet on serum were involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and trypto-phan biosynthesis. This study provides insight into the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites altered by HFD and may help to understand the mechanisms underlying obesity mediated by gut microbiota.

scholarly journals The effect of calorie intake, fasting, and dietary composition on metabolic health and gut microbiota in mice

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
Yuh Jiun Loh ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Chenhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background Calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) can promote metabolic health through a process that is partially mediated by gut microbiota modulation. To compare the effects of CR and IF with different dietary structures on metabolic health and the gut microbiota, we performed an experiment in which mice were subjected to a CR or IF regimen and an additional IF control (IFCtrl) group whose total energy intake was not different from that of the CR group was included. Each regimen was included for normal chow and high-fat diet. Results We showed that in normal-chow mice, the IFCtrl regimen had similar positive effects on glucose and lipid metabolism as the CR regimen, but the IF regimen showed almost no influence compared to the outcomes observed in the ad libitum group. IF also resulted in improvements, but the effects were less marked than those associate with CR and IFCtrl when the mice were fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, CR created a stable and unique gut microbial community, while the gut microbiota shaped by IF exhibited dynamic changes in fasting-refeeding cycles. At the end of each cycle, the gut microbiota of the IFCtrl mice was similar to that of the CR mice, and the gut microbiota of the IF mice was similar to that of the ad libitum group. When the abundance of Lactobacillus murinus OTU2 was high, the corresponding metabolic phenotype was improved regardless of eating pattern and dietary structure, which might be one of the key bacterial groups in the gut microbiota that is positively correlated with metabolic amelioration. Conclusion There are interactions among the amount of food intake, the diet structure, and the fasting time on metabolic health. The structure and composition of gut microbiota modified by dietary regimens might contribute to the beneficial effects on the host metabolism.

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