Factors Associated with the Use of Pasteurized Donor Milk for Healthy Newborns: Experience from the First Human Milk Bank in Vietnam

Background: Pasteurized donor milk (PDM) is typically prescribed to preterm or low birthweight newborns when their mother’s own milk is unavailable. In surplus, PDM is prescribed to meet the nutritional needs of healthy newborns in the first few days of life. However, its overuse can undermine efforts to promote and support breastfeeding, waste resources, and reduce the availability of PDM for at-risk newborns. We conducted this study to examine factors associated with the prescription and prolonged use (>48 h) of privately purchased PDM to healthy newborns. Methods: Prospective observational study of 2440 mothers of healthy, term, and normal birthweight newborns born at Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children between April and August 2019. In addition to the descriptive analysis, we performed multiple logistic regressions to examine factors associated with the prescription of PDM (n = 2440) and prolonged PDM use among those who used PDM (n = 566). Results: Twenty-three percent (566/2440) of healthy, term, and birthweight ≥2500 g newborns received PDM and were included in the study. The prevalence of PDM use was higher for cesarean births (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.66, 2.55) and among male newborns (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.62), but lower for farmers or workers (vs. other jobs; OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.93), family income <10 million VND (vs. ≥10 million VND; OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.82), and duration of skin-to-skin ≥90 min (vs. <90 min; OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.76). Prolonged PDM use (12.4% of 566 newborns who used PDM) was associated with the mother having a higher socioeconomic status job (professional, small trader or homemaker; OR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.39, 12.5), being a first-time mother (OR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.92, 6.01) or having a cesarean birth (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 4.28). Conclusions: The prescription and prolonged use of privately purchased PDM was associated with non-medical factors unrelated to the ability to breastfeed effectively. The findings suggest the need for improved breastfeeding communication, counseling and support skills for health staff, development, and application of strict criteria on PDM use for healthy newborns and better routine monitoring of PDM use over time.

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Faktor pada perilaku Ibu dalam pemberian MPASI anak 6–24 bulan di Puskesmas Perumnas, Kendari

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) ◽

10.21927/ijnd.2013.1(1).51-57 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Rosnah . ◽

Kristiani . ◽

Endang Pamungkasiwi Pamungkasiwi

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Family Income ◽

Food Selection ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Health Staff ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Family

ABSTRACT Background: The problem of growth among underﬁ ves in Indonesia is related to the number of infants that are given complementary feeding since the age of one month. It inﬂ uenced the prevalence of undernourishment 3.25% and malnutritionat District of Kadia become higher. Those nutrition problem can be affected by inability to provide foods as needed by members of the family, knowledge and behavior of the family in food selection, cook and distribute the food in the family. Another problem is lack of mothers' attention to monitor the child growth and development Objective: To study the factors associated with mothers' behavior in the supply of complementary breastfeeding to infants of 6–24 months at Perumnas Health Center Subdistrict of Kadia Kendari Municipality. Method: This analytical study used a cross sectional design and quantitative and qualitative method. Subject were mothers' of underﬁ ves who fulﬁ lled inclusion criteria at the working area of Perumnas Health Center District of Kadia Kendari Municipality. Samples were taken using simple random sampling technique. Research instruments were questionnaire and indepth interview guide. Data analysis used chi square and double logistic regression test. Qualitative data were analyzed manually and presented in narration. Result: Predisposition factors signiﬁ cantly associated with mothers' behavior in the supply of complementary breastfeeding were mothers' education (p=0.025; OR=3.27), family income (p=0.007; OR=4.65), knowledge of mothers (p=0.05; OR=2.75), and mothers' attitude (p=0.027; OR=2.92). Another supporting factor, i.e. participation of mothers in the integrated service post (posyandu) was signiﬁ cantly associated with behavior in the supply of complementary breastfeeding (p=0.008; OR=3.65). Encouraging factors associated with the behavior of mother in the supply of complementary breastfeeding were support of the health staff (p=0.005; OR=4.21) and the family (p=0.041; OR=4.22). Conclusion: The result of multivariate analysis showed that the factor most dominantly associated with the behavior in the supply of complementary breastfeeding was education of mothers (p=0.012; OR=5,40). KEYWORDS: behavior, complementary breastfeeding, infants of 6 – 24 months ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Masalah gangguan pertumbuhan balita di Indonesia berkaitan dengan banyaknya bayi yang sudah diberi makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI) sejak usia kurang dari atau 1 bulan. Hal ini mengakibatkan prevalensi gizi kurang dan buruk di Kecamatan Kadia cukup tinggi. Masalah gizi ini dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kemampuan menyediakan pangan sesuai dengan kebutuhan anggota keluarga, pengetahuan dan perilaku keluarga dalam memilih, mengolah, dan membagi makanan di tingkat rumah tangga. Permasalahan lain kurangnya perhatian ibu untuk memantau tumbuh kembang balitanya. Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku ibu dalam pemberian MPASI pada anak usia 6-24 bulan di Puskesmas Perumnas Kecamatan Kadia, Kota Kendari. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional, menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Subjek adalah ibu balita yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Perumnas Kecamatan Kadia, Kota Kendari. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 97 subjek. Pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan panduan wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis dengan Chi-Square dan uji regresi logistik berganda. Data kualitatif dianalisis secara manual dan disajikan dalam bentuk narasi. Hasil: Dari faktor-faktor predisposisi, yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan perilaku ibu dalam pemberian MPASI adalah pendidikan ibu (p=0,025; RP = 3,27), pendapatan per kapita keluarga (p=0,007; RP = 4,65), pengetahuan ibu (p= 0,05; RP= 2,75), dan sikap ibu (p = 0,027; RP=2,92) dengan perilaku pemberian MPASI. Dari faktor pendukung, partisipasi ibu ke posyandu mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan perilaku pemberian MPASI (p=0,008; RP=3,65), sedangkan dari faktor pendorong yang berhubungan dengan perilaku ibu dalam pemberian MPASI adalah dukungan petugas kesehatan (p=0,005; RP=4,21) dan dukungan keluarga (p=0,041; RP=4,22). Kesimpulan: Dari hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh hasil bahwa faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pemberian MPASI adalah pendidikan ibu (p=0,015; RP= 5,40). KATA KUNCI: perilaku, pemberian MPASI, anak usia 6-24 bulan.

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Trends and Dynamics in the First Four Years of Operation of the First Human Milk Bank in Vietnam

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1107

Author(s):

Hoang Thi Tran ◽

Tuan Thanh Nguyen ◽

Debbie Barnett ◽

Gillian Weaver ◽

Oanh Thi Xuan Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Electronic Monitoring ◽

Pass Rate ◽

World Health ◽

Middle Income ◽

Donor Milk ◽

Milk Bank ◽

Human Milk Bank ◽

Health Organization

Background: Since 1979, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) have recommended the use of pasteurized human milk from a human milk bank (HMB) to feed low birthweight (LBW) and preterm newborns as the ‘first alternative’ when mothers are unable to provide their own milk. However, they have not issued any guidelines for the safe establishment and operation of an HMB. This gap contributes to the demand for gathering experiences from HMB networks, especially those from lower-middle income countries. To fill this knowledge gap, this study examines the characteristics of donors, donation, pasteurization, and recipients during the first four years of operation in the first HMB in Vietnam. Methods: Data about the donors, donation, pasteurization, and recipients were extracted from the web-based electronic monitoring system of the HMB from 1 February 2017 to 31 January 2021. Results: In the first four years of operation there were 433 donors who donated 7642 L of milk (66% from the community) with an increased trend in the amount of donated milk, donation duration, and average amount of milk donated by a donor. Approximately 98% of the donated milk was pasteurized, and 82% passed both pre- and post-pasteurization tests. Although the pass rate tended to increase with time, a few dips occurred. Of 16,235 newborns who received pasteurized donor milk, two thirds were in the postnatal wards. The main reason for the prescription of pasteurized donor milk was insufficient mothers’ own milk in the first few days after birth. There was a decreased trend in the amount and duration of using pasteurized donor milk in both postnatal wards and the neonatal unit. Conclusions: The HMB has operated efficiently in the previous four years, even during the COVID-19 pandemic, to serve vulnerable newborns. Ongoing evidence-based adjustments helped to improve the operation to recruit suitable donors, to increase the access to and quality of raw donor milk, to improve the pasteurization process, and to meet the need of more newborns.

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Factors associated with the use of fashion braces of the Saudi Arabian Youth: application of the Health Belief Model

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01609-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anwar S. Alhazmi ◽

Dania E. Al Agili ◽

Mohammed S. Aldossary ◽

Shaker M. Hakami ◽

Bashaer Y. Almalki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Family Income ◽

Health Belief ◽

Intention To Use ◽

Perceived Susceptibility ◽

Mean Values ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Mean ◽

Belief Model ◽

The Health Belief Model

Abstract Background In spite of the fact that fashion braces (FBs) have been in the spotlight in recent years among both orthodontists and the general public in several countries, there is still limited evidence regarding FBs. The aim was to identify health-related behaviors in using FBs by considering the Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods A cross-sectional study with a random sampling technique was conducted in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The data was obtained from different middle and high schools students, and first-year students at Jazan University. The questionnaire collected data on demographic characteristics and 27 items to examine the constructs of the HBM. Chi Square test was carried out to establish the factors associated with using, the intention to use, and previous knowledge on the use of fashion braces. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine the factors associated with the use of fashion braces. Results 406 study participants completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 88.3%. Majority of respondents were males (52.2%) and > 19 years old (44.3%). Only 9.9% students had used the FBs. However, 25.7% of students had the intention to use them. The perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits and cues to action constructs scores were fair with the mean values of 15.38 (SD = 9.4), 28.17 (SD = 10.8) and 6.65 (SD = 2.50), respectively. However, the perceived barrier score was high with the mean values of 22.14 (SD = 7.50), and lower score of self-efficacy with mean of 8.73 (SD = 3.30). Gender, age, monthly income (family), and education level were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the use of fashion braces among the study’s participants. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis family income, perceived susceptibility, and risk severity constructs predict the use of fashion braces in the study's sample. Conclusions The current study suggests that the family income, perceived susceptibility, and risk severity of students significantly influence the use of fashion braces. Hence, it is recommended that researchers should investigate effective educational strategies and programs for improving young people’s knowledge about fashion braces and focus more on low family income students so that their using of fashion brace will be decreased.

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Factors associated with cognitive performance in elderly caregivers

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20180101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 76 (10) ◽

pp. 685-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini ◽

Allan Gustavo Brigola ◽

Ana Carolina Ottaviani ◽

Bruna Moretti Luchesi ◽

Érica Nestor Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Family Income ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Attention Memory ◽

Elderly Caregivers ◽

Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

Abstract Objectives: To explore the socioeconomic, demographic and psychosocial factors associated with cognitive performance in elderly caregivers from Brazil. Methods: We evaluated 351 Brazilian elderly caregivers attending primary healthcare services regarding sociodemographic and care variables. Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) domains of orientation/attention, memory, verbal fluency, language and visuospatial were used as dependent variables in the Tobit model. Results: Literacy and family income were positively associated with all ACE-R domains. Age, gender, time of care (days/week) were negatively associated with some cognitive domains. Moreover, receiving emotional help and the level of hope were positively associated with specific domains. Discussion: The results may be useful for planning interventions aimed at elderly caregivers in order to prevent deficits in the different cognitive domains.

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Quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2018-314934 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 134-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Anna Francis ◽

Madeleine S Didsbury ◽

Anita van Zwieten ◽

Kerry Chen ◽

Laura J James ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Family Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Kidney Transplants ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

ObjectiveThe aim was to compare quality of life (QoL) among children and adolescents with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and determine factors associated with changes in QoL.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThe Kids with CKD study involved five of eight paediatric nephrology units in Australia and New Zealand.PatientsThere were 375 children and adolescents (aged 6–18 years) with CKD, on dialysis or transplanted, recruited between 2013 and 2016.Main outcome measuresOverall and domain-specific QoL were measured using the Health Utilities Index 3 score, with a scale from −0.36 (worse than dead) to 1 (perfect health). QoL scores were compared between CKD stages using the Mann-Whitney U test. Factors associated with changes in QoL were assessed using multivariable linear and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsQoL for those with CKD stages 1–2 (n=106, median 0.88, IQR 0.63–0.96) was higher than those on dialysis (n=43, median 0.67, IQR 0.39–0.91, p<0.001), and similar to those with kidney transplants (n=135, median 0.83, IQR 0.59–0.97, p=0.4) or CKD stages 3–5 (n=91, 0.85, IQR 0.60–0.98). Reductions were most frequent in the domains of cognition (50%), pain (42%) and emotion (40%). The risk factors associated with decrements in overall QoL were being on dialysis (decrement of 0.13, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25, p=0.02), lower family income (decrement of 0.10, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.15, p=0.002) and short stature (decrement of 0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16, p=0.02).ConclusionsThe overall QoL and domains such as pain and emotion are substantially worse in children on dialysis compared with earlier stage CKD and those with kidney transplants.

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Saúde Oral - Fatores de Não Adesão aos Cheques-Dentista: Um Estudo de Caso-Controlo

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.9640 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 303

Author(s):

Rita Filipe ◽

Pedro Aguiar

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Expiry Date ◽

Factors Associated ◽

School Year ◽

State Schools ◽

Control Study ◽

Main Factor

Introduction: A dental voucher was created to facilitate the access to oral health care, however the use of these vouchers, by students aged 7, 10 and 13 with dental caries from state schools within the geodemographic area covered by the Community Health Center Group of Western Lisbon and Oeiras, had a low uptake (23%, school year 2014/2015) The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with this non-use.Material and Methods: A case-control study was carried out involving 270 students (135 cases and 135 controls) from 35 state schools who agreed to participate in the study. A descriptive analysis of the reasons for non-adhesion to the voucher, and a study associating the variables and the use/non-use of the dental vouchers using bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis was made adopting a significance of 0.05.Results: The main reasons for non-use (n = 135) were the use of private dentists outside the dental voucher scheme (23.7%) and forgetting to use the vouchers or exceeding the expiry date (21.5%). The main factor associated with the non-use was students having a private dentist (OR adjusted 2.004, p = 0.012; IC 95%: 1.176 – 3.413) and the main factor associated with the use was having information of dentists accepting dental vouchers (OR adjusted 0.096, p = < 0.001; IC 95%: 0.047 – 0.198).Discussion: Our findings highlight the need to improve the accessibility to dental vouchers.Conclusion: It is hoped that the identification of these factors will contribute in the planning of strategies and activities to improve the use of dental vouchers.

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PERANAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN KELUARGA DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SUMBERDAYA PERTANIAN

Jurnal AGRISEP Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.31186/jagrisep.10.1.138-153 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 138-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yudhy Harini Bertham ◽

Dwi Wahyuni Ganefianti ◽

Apri Andani

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Shared Responsibility ◽

Know How ◽

Family Economy ◽

Load Factors ◽

Total Family Income ◽

The Family ◽

Organic Farming Systems

This study aims to find out the reasons women decide to work as a farmer, knowing the understanding of women in the utilization of agricultural resources, and know how big the role of women in the intensification of the family economy. The method to determine the respondent used in this research is census method with numbering 100 persons. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis and qualitative analysis of revenue contribution. The results showed that the reasons women choose to work as farmers because of their desire to help their husbands in contributing family income which is driven by the load factors of family burden. Looking for experiences and shared responsibility are other reasons for women to work in agricultural activities. Their knowledge and understanding of agriculture, women are only know how to grow crops and produce. Stages how sustainable farming, care for the environment with organic farming systems is not yet implemented. This is caused by the lack of knowledge of owmen. Income contribution of women to family incomes is high, with a range of contribution 40% - 59% of total family income. This condition can be a reason for women to participate in decision-making within the household. So the presence of women within the family becomes more important and appreciated.Key words: Women role, farmer, revenue contibution

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RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.04.4952 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (04) ◽

pp. 687-690

Author(s):

MUNIR AKMAL LODHI ◽

GHULAM SHABBIR ◽

NASIR ALI SHAH

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Glucose Estimation

Objectives: Recurrent episodes of neonatal hypoglycemia are strongly associated with long termphysical and neuro-developmental deficits. (1) Moreover in neonates hypoglycemia can be overlooked as it may havenonspecific symptoms only. (2) This study was therefore carried out to analyse the risk factors associated with neonatalhypoglycemia and to evaluate the risk factors which have predictive value in its diagnosis. .Design: Based case controlstudy. Period: Six months from January 2005 to June 2005. Setting CMH Pano Aqil. Material and Methods: 385newborns were studied. Newborns of both civilians as well as military personnel were included in the study. 11newborns were excluded. Out of remaining 347 patients 101 were found to be hypoglycemia. Five risk factors (low birthweight, Birth Asphyxia, Neonatal sepsis, Meconeum aspiration syndrome delayed feeding ) strongly and independentlypredicated the risk of hypoglycemia. Results: The most common associated risk factor was low birth weight (47.47%)followed by delayed feeding (46.29%). Blood sampling for glucose estimation was done at birth / admission at 6 hours,12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours. Test was initially performed by glucometer, the reading which were confirmed bylaboratory testing in border line case. Conclusions: In neonates with associated risk factors it is cost affective to carryout blood glucose levels at the time of birth and follow up readings taken as indicated by clinical progress later on.

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Profilaxia Pré-Exposição para o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana no Currículo Médico em Portugal: Uma Análise Transversal

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.15446 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 35 (13) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Duarte ◽

Nuno Rua ◽

David Gomes ◽

Vasco Ricoca Peixoto ◽

Daniela Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Online Survey ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

School Year ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

Introduction: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has gained relevance as a method of prevention for HIV in certain people and settings. Following the publication of the guideline on PrEP prescribing in Portugal, we aimed to assess the knowledge of Portuguese Medical Students about PrEP.Material and Methods: An online survey was sent to Medical students of Portuguese Medical Schools. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the results and an analytic cross-sectional study to identify factors associated with “knowing about PrEP”, “having had one class about PrEP” and “identifying eligible groups correctly”.Results: Of the 796 students that responded to the survey, 64.6% were aware of what PrEP is. Of these, 34.44% acquired this knowledge during their training. Out of the total amount of respondents, 4.77% could identify correctly and completely the eligible groups for PrEP. As the training years went by, the probability of being aware of PrEP, having had one class about PrEP, and identifying the eligible groups correctly, increased. Of the sixth-year students, 43.48% had had one class about PrEP and among the students that were aware of PrEP, 28% identified what the eligible groups were. After adjusting for the school year, we found differences between Medical Schools regarding the outcomes. The association between the different ways of learning about PrEP and the ability to correctly identify eligible groups for PrEP was not statistically significant.Conclusion: The differences between Medical Schools could be harmonized through changes in the medical curricula that would allow this topic to be addressed more often.

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Factors Associated with Reduction in Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil: An Internet-Based Survey Conducted in June 2020

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11397

Author(s):

Gabriela Togni ◽

Paulo José Puccinelli ◽

Taline Costa ◽

Aldo Seffrin ◽

Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Minimum Wage ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Family Income ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Levels ◽

São Paulo ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The City

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected physical activity levels. This study investigated the factors associated with the change in physical activity level in Brazilians residing in the city of São Paulo. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire, addressing personal data, restriction level, education level, family income, daily working hours, and physical activity level, was answered by 2140 volunteers, of which 1179 were excluded because the answers were either incomplete or the respondents were not from São Paulo. The total number of participants selected was 961 (581 female and 380 male). Results: The physical activity level adopted prior to the pandemic period (p < 0.001) and family income (p = 0.001) correlated significantly with physical activity level reduction during the pandemic. The proportion of people who reduced their physical activity was greater among those who were very active than those who were active (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 0.65 [confidence interval (CI): 0.52–0.80]) or insufficiently active [aPR: 0.39 (0.18–0.82)]. The proportion of people who reduced their physical activity was greater among those who received a salary less than minimum wage (MW) than those who received a salary between three to six times minimum wage [(aPR: 0.50 (CI 0.35–0.70)] or more than 6 MW [(aPR: 0.56 (CI 0.40–0.79)]. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of Brazilians residing in the city of São Paulo reduced their physical activity who had a vigorous level of physical activity prior to the pandemic and who received less than a MW.

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