scholarly journals Plant-Based, Antioxidant-Rich Snacks Elevate Plasma Antioxidant Ability and Alter Gut Bacterial Composition in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3872
Author(s):  
Jing-Yao Zhang ◽  
Hui-Chen Lo ◽  
Feili Lo Yang ◽  
Yi-Fang Liu ◽  
Wen-Mein Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant

Plant-rich diets alleviate oxidative stress and gut dysbiosis and are negatively linked to age-associated chronic disorders. This study examined the effects of consuming plant-based, antioxidant-rich smoothies and sesame seed snacks (PBASS) on antioxidant ability and gut microbial composition in older adults. Healthy and sub-healthy older adults (n = 42, 79.7 ± 8.6 years old) in two senior living facilities were given PBASS for 4 months. Blood and fecal samples were collected from these individuals at the baseline and after 2 and 4 months of PBASS consumption. After 2 months, serum levels of albumin and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) had increased significantly and erythrocytic glutathione, GSH/GSSG and superoxide dismutase activity had decreased significantly compared with baseline levels (p < 0.05). After 4 months, red blood cells, hematocrit, serum blood urea nitrogen and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity had decreased significantly, whereas plasma and erythrocyte protein-bound sulfhydryl groups had increased significantly. Furthermore, plasma glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were significantly greater after 2 months and increased further after 4 months of PBASS consumption. The results of next generation sequencing showed that PBASS consumption prompted significant decreases in observed bacterial species, their richness, and the abundance of Actinobacteria and Patescibacteria and increases in Bacteroidetes in feces. Our results suggest that texture-modified, plant-based snacks are useful nutrition support to benefit healthy ageing via the elevation of antioxidant ability and alteration of gut microbiota.

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and development of prehypertension

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
В.В. Шерстнев ◽  
М.А. Грудень ◽  
В.П. Карлина ◽  
В.М. Рыжов ◽  
А.В. Кузнецова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Optimal Blood Pressure

Цель - исследование взаимосвязи факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и развития предгипертонии. Методика. Проведен сравнительный и корреляционный анализы показателей модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у обследованных лиц в возрасте 30-60 лет с «оптимальным» артериальным давлением, (n = 63, АД <120/80 мм рт.ст.) и лиц с предгипертонией (n = 52, АД = 120-139/80-89 мм рт.ст.). Результаты. Показано, что лица с предгипертонией по сравнению с группой лиц, имеющих «оптимальное» артериальное давление характеризуются статистически значимо повышенным содержанием холестерина и холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности, а также значимыми сочетаниями факторов риска: повышенный уровень холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности с интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; повышенное содержание креатинина с уровнем триглициридов; наследственная отягощенность по заболеваниям почек и интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; наследственная отягощенность по сахарному диабету и гипертрофия левого желудочка сердца. У лиц с предгипертонией документированы перестройки структуры взаимосвязи (количество, направленность и сила корреляций) между показателями факторов риска в сравнении с лицами, имеющими «оптимальное» артериальное давление. Заключение. Выявленные особенности взаимосвязей факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при предгипертонии рассматриваются как проявление начальной стадии дизрегуляционной патологии и нарушения регуляции физиологических систем поддержания оптимального уровня артериального давления. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and development of prehypertension. Methods. Comparative and correlation analyses of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease were performed in subjects aged 30-60 with «optimal» blood pressure (n = 63, BP <120/80 mm Hg) and prehypertension (n = 52, BP = 120-139 / 80-89 mm Hg). Results. The group with prehypertension compared with the «optimal» blood pressure group had significantly increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, sedentary/intellectual type of occupation, and significant combinations of risk factors. The risk factor combinations included an increased level of LDL cholesterol and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; increased serum levels of creatinine and triglycerides; hereditary burden of kidney disease and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; hereditary burden of diabetes mellitus and cardiac left ventricular hypotrophy. In subjects with prehypertension compared to subjects with «optimal» blood pressure, changes in correlations (correlation number, direction, and strength) between parameters of risk factors were documented. Conclusion. The features of interrelationships between risk factors for cardiovascular disease observed in prehypertension are considered a manifestation of early dysregulation pathology and disordered regulation of physiological systems, which maintain optimal blood pressure.

Association between Vitamins and Minerals with Antioxidant Effects and Coronary Artery Calcification in Adults and Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2474-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Diego Machado ◽  
Gustavo Rosa Gentil Andrade ◽  
Jéssica Levy ◽  
Sara Silva Ferreira ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Background: Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) is considered an important cardiovascular risk factor. There is evidence that CAC is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, coronary events and cardiovascular mortality. Inflammation is one of the factors associated with CAC and despite the interest in antioxidant compounds that can prevent CAC, its association with antioxidants remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the association between vitamins and minerals with antioxidant effects and CAC in adults and older adults. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using PubMed for articles published until October 2018. We included studies conducted in subjects aged 18 years and older with no previous cardiovascular disease. Studies involving animal or in vitro experiments and the ones that did not use reference methods to assess the CAC, dietary intake or serum levels of vitamin or mineral were excluded. Results: The search yielded 390 articles. After removal of duplicates, articles not related to the review, review articles, editorials, hypothesis articles and application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 articles remained. The results of the studies included in this systematic review suggest that magnesium is inversely associated with CAC and results on the association between CAC and vitamin E have been conflicting. Conclusion: Additional prospective studies are needed to elucidate the role of these micronutrients on CAC.

Antidyslipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz.in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Amssayef ◽  
Bouchra Azzaou ◽  
Mohammed Ajebli ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Matricaria pubescens. Background: Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz belongs to Asteraceae family and it is commonly used traditionally for handling diabetes mellitus. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz and its effect on lipid and lipoprotein profile in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The effect of repeated (7 days of treatment) oral administration of the aqueous extract of aerial part of Matricaria pubescens (MPAE) at a dose of 40 mg/kg on lipid and lipoprotein profile was examined in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, a preliminary phytochemical screening and the quantification of phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents as well as the antioxidant activity using two methods (FRAP and ABTS) were carried out. Results: MPAE demonstrated a potent antidyslipidemic effect in diabetic rats by reducing serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In addition, the results showed that the extract is rich in several phytochemical compounds and revealed an important antioxidant activity. Conclusion: In summary, this study proved that Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz. has a favorable effect on diabetic dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Daily Time Use by Activity of Community-Dwelling Older Koreans: Focus on Health Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1688
Author(s):  
Hana Ko
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Senior Center ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Time

This study aimed to examine the daily time use by activity and identified factors related to health management time (HMT) use among 195 older adults (mean age = 77.5, SD = 6.28 years; 70.8% women) attending a Korean senior center. Descriptive statistics were analyzed and gamma regression analyses were performed. Participants used the most time on rest, followed by leisure, health management, daily living activities, and work. The mean duration of HMT was 205.38 min/day. The mean score for the subjective evaluation of health management (SEHM) was 13.62 and the importance score for SEHM was 4.72. Factors influencing HMT included exercise, number of chronic conditions, fasting blood sugar level, low density lipoprotein level, and cognitive function. HMT and frailty significantly predicted SEHM. HMT interventions focus on promoting exercise and acquiring health information to improve health outcomes among older adults in senior centers.

scholarly journals Age- and Gender-Related Differences in LDL-Cholesterol Management in Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Russo ◽  
Basilio Pintaudi ◽  
Carlo Giorda ◽  
Giuseppe Lucisano ◽  
Antonio Nicolucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
And Gender

Background. Dyslipidemia contribute to the excess of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk observed in women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is the major target for CHD prevention, and T2DM women seem to reach LDL-C targets less frequently than men.Aim. To explore age- and gender-related differences in LDL-C management in a large sample of outpatients with T2DM.Results. Overall, 415.294 patients (45.3% women) from 236 diabetes centers in Italy were included. Women were older and more obese, with longer diabetes duration, higher total-cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C serum levels compared to men (P<0.0001). Lipid profile was monitored in ~75% of subjects, women being monitored less frequently than men, irrespective of age. More women did not reach the LDL-C target as compared to men, particularly in the subgroup treated with lipid-lowering medications. The between-genders gap in reaching LDL-C targets increased with age and diabetes duration, favouring men in all groups.Conclusions. LDL-C management is worst in women with T2DM, who are monitored and reach targets less frequently than T2DM men. Similarly to men, they do not receive medications despite high LDL-C. These gender discrepancies increase with age and diabetes duration, exposing older women to higher CHD risk.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acidogenesis products’ effect on biogas production performed with metagenomics and isotopic approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Detman ◽  
Michał Bucha ◽  
Laura Treu ◽  
Aleksandra Chojnacka ◽  
Łukasz Pleśniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Specific Species

Abstract Background During the acetogenic step of anaerobic digestion, the products of acidogenesis are oxidized to substrates for methanogenesis: hydrogen, carbon dioxide and acetate. Acetogenesis and methanogenesis are highly interconnected processes due to the syntrophic associations between acetogenic bacteria and hydrogenotrophic methanogens, allowing the whole process to become thermodynamically favorable. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the dominant acidic products on the metabolic pathways of methane formation and to find a core microbiome and substrate-specific species in a mixed biogas-producing system. Results Four methane-producing microbial communities were fed with artificial media having one dominant component, respectively, lactate, butyrate, propionate and acetate, for 896 days in 3.5-L Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactors. All the microbial communities showed moderately different methane production and utilization of the substrates. Analyses of stable carbon isotope composition of the fermentation gas and the substrates showed differences in average values of δ13C(CH4) and δ13C(CO2) revealing that acetate and lactate strongly favored the acetotrophic pathway, while butyrate and propionate favored the hydrogenotrophic pathway of methane formation. Genome-centric metagenomic analysis recovered 234 Metagenome Assembled Genomes (MAGs), including 31 archaeal and 203 bacterial species, mostly unknown and uncultivable. MAGs accounted for 54%–67% of the entire microbial community (depending on the bioreactor) and evidenced that the microbiome is extremely complex in terms of the number of species. The core microbiome was composed of Methanothrix soehngenii (the most abundant), Methanoculleus sp., unknown Bacteroidales and Spirochaetaceae. Relative abundance analysis of all the samples revealed microbes having substrate preferences. Substrate-specific species were mostly unknown and not predominant in the microbial communities. Conclusions In this experimental system, the dominant fermentation products subjected to methanogenesis moderately modified the final effect of bioreactor performance. At the molecular level, a different contribution of acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic pathways for methane production, a very high level of new species recovered, and a moderate variability in microbial composition depending on substrate availability were evidenced. Propionate was not a factor ceasing methane production. All these findings are relevant because lactate, acetate, propionate and butyrate are the universal products of acidogenesis, regardless of feedstock.

α-Tocopherol, lipids and lipoproteins in knee-joint synovial fluid and serum from patients with inflammatory joint disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fairburn ◽  
M. Grootveld ◽  
R. J. Ward ◽  
C. Abiuka ◽  
M. Kus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Inflammatory Synovial Fluid

1. We have determined the antioxidant status of synovial fluid and serum of patients with inflammatory joint disease in terms of the biologically active lipid-soluble antioxidant, α-tocopherol. Synovial fluid concentrations of α-tocopherol were significantly lower relative to those of paired serum samples (P<0.001). Serum levels of α-tocopherol in these patients did not differ significantly from those in control serum. 2. Lower concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein were also observed in patients' synovial fluid compared with matched serum samples. However, multiple regression analysis of the data indicated that there remained a significant depletion of α-tocopherol, which was largely independent of these co-variables, in inflammatory synovial fluid. These findings are consistent with the consumption of α-tocopherol within the inflamed joint via its role in terminating the process of lipid peroxidation. 3. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of matched inflammatory synovial fluid and serum confirmed lower concentrations of triacylglycerol in synovial fluid together with evidence of a shortened mean triacylglycerol chain length. The latter metabolic difference suggests an increased utilization of triacylglycerols for energy within the inflamed joint.

scholarly journals The Combination of Berberine, Tocotrienols and Coffee Extracts Improves Metabolic Profile and Liver Steatosis by the Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Hepatic miR-122 and miR-34a Expression in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
Valentina Cossiga ◽  
Vincenzo Lembo ◽  
Cecilia Nigro ◽  
Paola Mirra ◽  
Claudia Miele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Non-alcoholic-fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is spreading worldwide. Specific drugs for NAFLD are not yet available, even if some plant extracts show beneficial properties. We evaluated the effects of a combination, composed by Berberis Aristata, Elaeis Guineensis and Coffea Canephora, on the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, insulin-resistance and on the modulation of hepatic microRNAs (miRNA) levels and microbiota composition in a mouse model of liver damage. C57BL/6 mice were fed with standard diet (SD, n = 8), high fat diet (HFD, n = 8) or HFD plus plant extracts (HFD+E, n = 8) for 24 weeks. Liver expression of miR-122 and miR-34a was evaluated by quantitativePCR. Microbiome analysis was performed on cecal content by 16S rRNA sequencing. HFD+E-mice showed lower body weight (p < 0.01), amelioration of insulin-sensitivity (p = 0.021), total cholesterol (p = 0.014), low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (p < 0.001), alanine-aminotransferase (p = 0.038) and hepatic steatosis compared to HFD-mice. While a decrease of hepatic miR-122 and increase of miR-34a were observed in HFD-mice compared to SD-mice, both these miRNAs had similar levels to SD-mice in HFD+E-mice. Moreover, a different microbial composition was found between SD- and HFD-mice, with a partial rescue of dysbiosis in HFD+E-mice. This combination of plant extracts had a beneficial effect on HFD-induced NAFLD by the modulation of miR-122, miR-34a and gut microbiome.

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