scholarly journals Adonis amurensis Is a Promising Alternative to Haematococcus as a Resource for Natural Esterified (3S,3′S)-Astaxanthin Production

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Yongfu Li ◽  
Fengying Gong ◽  
Shuju Guo ◽  
Wenjie Yu ◽  
Jianguo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Geometric Isomers ◽  
Geometrical Isomers ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Astaxanthin Production ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Parts

Astaxanthin (AST) characteristics and pigment productivity of Adonis amurensis, one of the few AST-producing higher plants, have not yet been studied extensively. In this study, the geometrical and optical isomers of AST in different parts of the A. amurensis flower were determined in detail, followed by a separation of the all-trans AST using HPLC chromatography. AST extracted from the flower accounted for 1.31% of the dry weight (dw) and mainly existed in the di-esterified form (>86.5%). The highest concentration was found in the upper red part of the petal (3.31% dw). One optical isomer (3S, 3′S) of AST, with five geometrical isomers (all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis, 15-cis, and di-cis) were observed in all parts of the flower. All-trans AST was the predominant geometrical isomer accounting for 72.5% of the total content of geometric isomers in total flower, followed by the 13-cis, and 9-cis isomers. The all-trans AST isomer was also isolated, and then purified by HPLC from the crude oily flower extract, with a 21.5% recovery yield. The cis-AST extracted from the combined androecium and gynoecium gives a very strong absorption in the UVA region due to a high level of cis, especially di-cis, isomers, suggesting a prospective use in the preparation of anti-ultraviolet agents. The production cost of AST from Adonis flowers can be as low as €388–393/kg. These observations together with other factors such as the low technology requirement for plant culturing and harvesting suggest Adonis has great potential as a resource for natural esterified (3S,3′S)-AST production when compared with Haematococcus culturing.

Does Brand Awareness Impact Purchase Decision: A Case of Organic Grocery

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Gunjan Gumber ◽  
Jyoti Rana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Food ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Brand Recall ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Brand Recognition ◽  
National Capital ◽  
High Level ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

In India, the concept of organic food is gaining widespread acceptability. Consumers are becoming more conscious about their health and are looking for food that serves as a promising alternative. Corporates, NGOs, Spiritual leaders and Government are also promoting this food, as it is free from irradiation, chemicals and artificial additives. A number of organic food brands are available in the market. The main objective of this study is to find out the level of brand awareness and its influence on purchase of organic grocery. The data was collected from 150 organic consumers in National Capital Region (Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad and Noida) through a structured questionnaire. Questions related to brand recall, brand recognition and purchase of organic grocery were asked. It was found that in general, there is a low level of brand awareness among consumers, and those who have high level of awareness; they consume organic grocery more often. The study will help corporates to make effective communication and brand-building strategies.

scholarly journals Graph-Based Construction of 3D Korean Giwa House Models

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mankyu Sung
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Texture Image ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Commercial Software ◽  
Spline Curve ◽  
High Level ◽  
Complicated Part ◽  
Different Parts

This paper proposes a graph-based algorithm for constructing 3D Korean traditional houses automatically using a computer graphics technique. In particular, we target designing the most popular traditional house type, a giwa house, whose roof is covered with a set of Korean traditional roof tiles called giwa. In our approach, we divided the whole design processes into two different parts. At a high level, we propose a special data structure called ‘modeling graphs’. A modeling graph consists of a set of nodes and edges. A node represents a particular component of the house and an edge represents the connection between two components with all associated parameters, including an offset vector between components. Users can easily add/ delete nodes and make them connect by an edge through a few mouse clicks. Once a modeling graph is built, then it is interpreted and rendered on a component-by-component basis by traversing nodes in a procedural way. At a low level, we came up with all the required parameters for constructing the components. Among all the components, the most beautiful but complicated part is the gently curved roof structures. In order to represent the sophisticated roof style, we introduce a spline curve-based modeling technique that is able to create curvy silhouettes of three different roof styles. In this process, rather than just applying a simple texture image onto the roof, which is widely used in commercial software, we actually laid out 3D giwa tiles on the roof seamlessly, which generated more realistic looks. Through many experiments, we verified that the proposed algorithm can model and render the giwa house at a real time rate.

scholarly journals Carbonic Anhydrases in Photosynthesizing Cells of C3 Higher Plants

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Ignatova ◽  
Natalia Rudenko ◽  
Elena Zhurikova ◽  
Maria Borisova-Mubarakshina ◽  
Boris Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma ◽  
Different Parts

The review presents data on the location, nature, properties, number, and expression of carbonic anhydrase genes in the photosynthesizing cells of C3 plants. The available data about the presence of carbonic anhydrases in plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast stroma and thylakoids are scrutinized. Special attention was paid to the presence of carbonic anhydrase activities in the different parts of thylakoids, and on collation of sources of these activities with enzymes encoded by the established genes of carbonic anhydrases. The data are presented to show that the consistent incorporation of carbonic anhydrases belonging to different families of these enzymes forms a coherent system of CO2 molecules transport from air to chloroplasts in photosynthesizing cells, where they are included in organic molecules in the carboxylation reaction. It is discussed that the manifestation of the activity of a certain carbonic anhydrase depends on environmental conditions and the stage of ontogenesis.

scholarly journals Physiologically Active Compounds in Four Species of Phellinus

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja ◽  
Anna Maślanka ◽  
Agnieszka Szewczyk ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Indole Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Physiologically Active Compounds

The content of two groups of compounds with biological activity (non-hallucinogenic indole compounds and free phenolic acids) were analyzed in extracts of fruiting bodies of four species of Phellinus: P. igniarius, P. pini, P. pomaceus and P. robustus. The presence of indole compounds in methanolic extracts was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography coupled with densitometric detection. Three metabolites (serotonin, tryptamine, and L-tryptophan) were identified. The contents of individual indole compounds ranged from 1.70 (tryptamine in P. robustus) to 8.32 mg x 100 g1 dry weight (L-tryptophan in P. robustus). Four free phenolic acids were detected in methanolic extracts by the HPLC method. The total content ranged from 9.9 mg x 100 g1 DW (P. igniarius) to 32.5 mg x 100 g1 DW (P. robustus).

scholarly journals Selectable Markers and Reporter Genes for Engineering the Chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lola Esland ◽  
Marco Larrea-Alvarez ◽  
Saul Purton
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Reporter Genes ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Cell Factory ◽  
Expression Platform ◽  
Foreign Genes ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
High Level

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model alga of increasing interest as a cell factory for the production of valuable compounds, including therapeutic proteins and bioactive metabolites. Expression of foreign genes in the chloroplast is particularly advantageous as: (i) accumulation of product in this sub-cellular compartment minimises potential toxicity to the rest of the cell; (ii) genes can integrate at specific loci of the chloroplast genome (plastome) by homologous recombination; (iii) the high ploidy of the plastome and the high-level expression of chloroplast genes can be exploited to achieve levels of recombinant protein as high as 5% total cell protein; (iv) the lack of any gene silencing mechanisms in the chloroplast ensures stable expression of transgenes. However, the generation of C. reinhardtii chloroplast transformants requires efficient methods of selection, and ideally methods for subsequent marker removal. Additionally, the use of reporter genes is critical to achieving a comprehensive understanding of gene expression, thereby informing experimental design for recombinant applications. This review discusses currently available selection and reporter systems for chloroplast engineering in C. reinhardtii, as well as those used for chloroplast engineering in higher plants and other microalgae, and looks to the future in terms of possible new markers and reporters that will further advance the C. reinhardtii chloroplast as an expression platform.

scholarly journals Rust and leaf spot diseases on American elderberry plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kaley Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
High Level

Elderberry rust (Puccinia sambuci Schewin.) Arthur (=P. bolleyana) and leaf spot diseases are frequently found in commercial American elderberry (Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis L.) plantings throughout the growing season in Missouri. Thus, studies were conducted to ascertain if rust infections affect plant growth, fruiting, or berry puree quality. Rust symptoms were observed in early April at 9 to 18[degrees] C, [greater than or equal to] 3 h leaf wetness, and [greater than or equal to] 85% relative humidity. When young, potted elderberry plants averaged 3 to 6 rust pustules/plant, vegetative growth was not adversely affected. However, field-grown elderberry plants heavily infected with rust (137 pustules/cane) lost nearly twice as many leaves as controls during the growing season, indicating rust-induced defoliation. Shoot dry weight of these heavily infected canes was also 32% less than that of controls. First and last harvest dates were advanced by the high level of rust infection on 'Wyldewood' elderberry canes, but not by low pustules numbers ([less than] 6 pustules/plant) on 'Bob Gordon' or 'Ozark' plants. Similarly, berry yields were not significantly different at low infection levels, even though rust-infected 'Bob Gordon' plants had a 31% reduction in yield with an estimated $440/ha loss of income. Heavily-infected 'Wyldewood' canes had a significant loss in berry yield (47%) and potential income ($2,295/ha), assuming a conservative estimate of five canes/plan. In another study, Colletotrichum was isolated from elderberry leaf spot lesions and identified before subsequent re-inoculation of elderberry plants with this pathogen. Three species of Colletotrichum (C. salicis Funkel, C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro Wollenw., and C. aenigma C.M. Tian and Z. Li) were putatively identified as being casual agents of leaf spot indicating the diversity of species within this genus on elderberry plants.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF LEAVES OF THREE SPECIES OF ARTEMISIA L. GROWING IN THE ELTON REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Галина Табаленкова
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Level

The results of studies of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids (AAs) in the leaves of three plant species of the genus Artemisia, widespread in the Elton region, were presented. Protein AAs were determined on an AAA T-339 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) after hydrolysis of a sample in 6N HCl at 105 °C for 24 h, free AAs – on an AAA-400 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) in a lithium buffer system. The protein AAs amount varied from 66 mg / g in A. lerchiana to 113 mg / g dry weight in A. santonica. 17 AAs were found in composition of these species, aspartic and glutamic acids were dominant. The content of free AAs varied from 4.4 mg / g in A. santonica to 8.3 mg / g dry weight in A. pauciflora. 14 AAs have been identified, among them proline was the predominant free AA. The share of proline was 75-81% of the total free AAs. Among the minor components, 3-4 compounds with a content above 2% dominated. The free AAs contain 3 non-proteinogenic ones (ornithine, citruline, and γ-aminobutyric acid). A. lerchiana and A. pauciflora species were similar in protein and free amino acids, probably due to the same growing conditions. A high level of free proline, together with a complex of biologically active substances in Artemisia species, which grow abundantly in the Elton region, allow to consider the possibility of their use as a medicinal raw material.

scholarly journals TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES IN CALLUS OF KAEMPFERIA PARVIFLORA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Zuraida Ab Rahman ◽  
Ayu Nazreena Othman ◽  
Chandradevan A/L Machap ◽  
Amirah Balqis Amir Amran ◽  
Nur Najwa Arifah Basiron
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Kaempferia Parviflora ◽  
Growth Optimization ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Different Parts

Black ginger or is one useful medicinal plant that urges the need to be cultivated widely. This plant has some previous studies about their rhizomes and callus growth optimization, but their total content and antioxidant activities are not very . This study aims to study the total content and antioxidant activities of callus of K.. This study is to determine the type and concentration of hormone that give the best effect on the growth of callus in culture from different parts (, and basal part) of K.. Different concentrations were tested with medium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and acid (NAA) in callus cultivation. The highest total content tested in callus is one with 10.00 mg/L 2,4-D from the part of the plant. The highest antioxidant activity is from the part of the plant with 5.00 mg/L 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Levels of reactive nitrogen in surface and ground water samples obtained from different parts of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Anowar K Parvez ◽  
Mahfuza Marzan ◽  
Syeda Moriam Liza ◽  
Zia Uddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
High Level ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Different Parts

A total of 114 water samples collected from different parts of Bangladesh were analyzed for the level of reactive nitrogen species NO3 and NH3. Nitrate was determined in 20 surface water, 28 motorized deep tube well and 66 hand operated tube well samples. Ammonia was determined in 18 surface water, 14 deep tube well and 49 hand operated tube well samples. These sites were randomly selected. Nitrate levels were found to be generally low (below 3 mg/l) in 112 of the 114 samples tested, which is much below permissible level of 10 mg/l of drinking water in Bangladesh. Ammonia concentration was, however, found to be about 4 mg/l in majority of the samples tested which is higher than maximum permissible limit of 0.5 mg/l in drinking water. Possible reasons for low level of nitrate and relatively high level of ammonia in surface and ground water samples in Bangladesh is discussed DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v38i1.20214 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 1, 75-82, 2014

Combating Corruption through e-Governance in India

2013 ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durga Shanker Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Business Process Reengineering ◽  
Process Reengineering ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
High Level ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Different Parts

Studies have shown a prevalence of high level of corruption in the Indian Administrative System, which adversely affects the day-to-day lives of common citizens. This chapter examines the role of e-governance in combating corruption in delivering public services. Through a literature review assessing the outcomes of a few e-governance initiatives related to improving service delivery in different parts of India, this chapter argues that even though technology assists in instituting a transparent, accountable, consistent, reliable, and efficient system for delivery services, it cannot overcome corruption by itself. It will require political will, focused administrative strategy, business process reengineering for simplifying and opening up the system, and persistent efforts to ensure that corruption entrepreneurs do not subvert the gains of the technology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document