scholarly journals Modeling Carbon Balance and Sugar Content of Vitis vinifera under Two Different Trellis Systems

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1675
Author(s):  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Francesca Paoli ◽  
Maddalena Fucile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Berry Composition

Environmental factors might influence the carbon balance and sugar content in grapevine. In this two-year research, the STELLA software was employed to predict dry matter accumulation in Sangiovese vines, comparing the traditional vertical shoot positioning (VSP) and the single high wire (SHW) trellis systems. Every week, vegetative, eco-physiological and grape quality parameters were collected for 15 tagged vines per trellis system to set up the software. Significant differences in photosynthesis were recorded in 2014, with higher values in VSP (23–25% more). Shoot growth was significantly higher in VSP (20–25% more), whereas higher dry matter (30%) and yield (9–11% more) were detected for SHW. At harvest, berry composition suggested a slower ripening in SHW compared to VSP, which was linked to the shading of clusters in SHW. Finally, for the first time, linear regressions were found between measured berry sugar content and STELLA-estimated dry matter (R2 = 0.96 in VSP; R2 = 0.95 in SHW). This latter evidence allowed the estimation of berry sugar content, showing this software to be a practical tool to support winegrowers in decision making. Other studies are already underway to calibrate and validate the model for other varieties, training systems and environments.

scholarly journals The role of meteorological variables of blossoming and ripening within the tendency of qualitative indexes of sour cherry

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakatos ◽  
T. Szabó ◽  
Z. Sun ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Night And Day

We analyzed the relationship to sour cherry quality parameters of average temperature, maximum temperature, minimumtemperature, night and day-time temperature, precipitation and climatic water balance variables. Three cultivars of sour cherry were includedin the selection: “Debreceni bôtermô”, “Kántorjánosi”, and “Újfehértói fürtös”.We conducted regression analyzes on the three varieties, butpresent only those that proved to be the best fit.We couldn’t find any significant differences in the weather tolerance of the varieties. The database of sour cherry quality parameters covers the 1998 to 2008 intervals. The researched parameters were the following: dry matter content(%), sugar content (%), C-vitamin (mg), total acid content (%). Maximum temperature, the difference of night and day-time temperature andminimum temperature all have a significant correlation with the investigated quality parameters of sour cherry. Minimum temperature showsa quadratic relationship with sugar content, while night and day-time temperature differences show the same with dry matter content. Theother weather parameters had a linear correlation with the quality parameters of sour cherry. The research results show that an increasingamount of precipitation causes decreasing tendency in total acid content of sour cherry, so that increasing temperature has a positive influenceon total acid content. Big differences in night and day-time temperature also has positive effects on the dry matter and sugar content of sourcherry while the amount of precipitation has a negative effect. High minimum temperatures cause decreasing sugar content respiratory energylosses are significant if dawn temperatures do not drop considerably.A more favourable climatic water balance has a positive effect on vitaminC content in cases of a large negative water balance, vitamin C content is generally low.

DRY WEIGHT, SOLUBLE SUGAR CONTENT, AND STARCH CONTENT OF MAIZE KERNELS DURING THE EARLY POSTSILKING PERIOD

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Maize Kernels

Kernel development was studied in the maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids United-H106 and Funk’s G-4444, grown in a controlled-environment growth room. A method was employed in which husks were excised, and kernels were removed from the same set of ears at several subsequent sampling dates. This method did not affect the dry matter accumulation of the remaining kernels. Basal kernels (kernel numbers 6–15 in the row) and tip kernels (kernel numbers 31–40) were removed at 2-day intervals during the period from 10 to 20 days postsilking. Dry weight, ethanol-soluble sugar content, and starch content were determined for each sample. Accumulation of dry matter in the tip kernels ceased in a fraction of the United-H106 ears at the onset of the period of linear tip-kernel dry matter accumulation. Only small differences were observed in sugar content between growing and non-growing tip kernels of ears of United-H106. Starch appeared to continue to accumulate in kernels in which dry matter had ceased to accumulate. Except for a delay of approximately 2 days, the pattern of development of tip kernels in Funk’s G-4444 was similar to that of kernels at the base.

scholarly journals Effect of night and day temperature on the cover colour and quality parameters of apple

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Lakatos ◽  
Małgorzata Biniak-Pieróg ◽  
Andrzej Żyromski
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Or Low Temperature

Abstract The colour of fruits is considered to be an important quality indicator. Sale ability greatly depends on how well covered the colour is of the specific type of fruits. We used a visual colour scale (0-100 percent) for evaluation of colorization. We distinguished the yellow, green and red cultivars. In the following studies we show those results which consider the red type apples only. Cover colour is one of the phenometric variables and it is a well-known fact that significant differences can be experienced year by year. The experienced oscillation can be the cause of inappropriate water- and nutriment supply; however it can be the result of some kind of plant disease, extremely high or low temperature, setting rate above the average and outstanding fruit density. In the present examination it is postulated that the degree of cover colour is mostly influenced by day and night temperature. Therefore, our study aims to find out whether it is true or not. Cover colour belongs to those phenometric characteristic features, only the final value of which is taken into consideration; due to their nature of establishment or forming time it seems useless to follow closely the change in the time of vegetation. We analysed the ripening groups of apple varieties separately. We have found that at winter ripening cultivars has bigger importance of genetic properties whilst at summer and autumnal ripening ones the weather effects have bigger importance. The research results shows that the day and night temperature has an important role on fruit quality parameters as sugar content, vitamin C content and on acidity also. Because we can modify the canopy temperature by using evaporative cooling system we have a chance to set up an optimal value of day and night temperature difference in the orchards.

scholarly journals Comparison of fruit morphology and nutrition metabolism in different cultivars of kiwifruit across developmental stages

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11538
Author(s):  
Yu-fei Li ◽  
Weijia Jiang ◽  
Chunhong Liu ◽  
Yuqi Fu ◽  
Ziyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Shape Pattern

Kiwifruit (Actinidia) is becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to its favorable flavour and high vitamin C content. However, quality parameters vary among cultivars. To determine the differences in quality and metabolic parameters of kiwifruit, we monitored the growth processes of ‘Kuilv’ (Actinidia arguta), ‘Hongyang’ (Actinidia chinensis) and ‘Hayward’ (Actinidia deliciosa). We found that ‘Kuilv’ required the shortest time for fruit development, while ‘Hayward’ needed the longest time to mature. The fruit size of ‘Hayward’ was the largest and that of ‘Kuilv’ was the smallest. Furthermore, ‘Hongyang’ showed a double-S shape of dry matter accumulation, whereas ‘Kuilv’ and ‘Hayward’ showed a linear or single-S shape pattern of dry matter accumulation during development. The three cultivars demonstrated the same trend for total soluble solids accumulation, which did not rise rapidly until 90–120 days after anthesis. However, the accumulation of organic acids and soluble sugars varied among the cultivars. During later fruit development, the content of glucose, fructose and quinic acid in ‘Kuilv’ fruit was far lower than that in ‘Hongyang’ and ‘Hayward’. On the contrary, ‘Kuilv’ had the highest sucrose content among the three cultivars. At maturity, the antioxidative enzymatic systems were significantly different among the three kiwifruit cultivars. ‘Hongyang’ showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase than the other cultivars, while the catalase content of ‘Hayward’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Hongyang’ and ‘Kuilv’. These results provided knowledge that could be implemented for the marketing, handling and post-harvest technologies of the different kiwifruit cultivars.

scholarly journals Влияние сортовых особенностей винограда на качество и состав летучих веществ молодых коньячных дистиллятов

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Olga Chursina ◽  
Ludmila Legasheva ◽  
Victor Zagorouiko ◽  
Lyudmila Solovyova ◽  
Alexander Solovyov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Higher Alcohols ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Grapevine Cultivar ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Volatile Impurities

В статье представлены результаты исследования состава летучих веществ виноматериалов для производства коньяков и молодых коньячных дистиллятов, выработанных из интродуцированных сортов винограда, сортов селекции Института «Магарач» и аборигенного сорта Крыма. Выявлены основные критерии оценки качества винограда для коньячного производства и установлена их тесная связь с содержанием летучих примесей в коньячных виноматериалах и молодых дистиллятах. Установлено, что наиболее значимыми из исследуемых показателей качества винограда являются массовая концентрация сахаров, титруемых кислот, фенольных соединений сусла, технологический запас фенольных веществ в винограде, величина рН сусла и монофенолмонооксигеназная активность. Выведены уравнения регрессии, устанавливающие зависимость содержания летучих примесей виноматериалов и молодых коньячных дистиллятов от показателей качества винограда. Проведена оценка влияния сорта винограда на качество коньячных виноматериалов и дистиллятов. Показано, что образцы, полученные из интродуцированных сортов винограда, характеризуется высокими значениями соотношения средних эфиров и высших спиртов, что свидетельствует о высоком их качестве. Особенностью состава коньячных виноматериалов и дистиллятов из селекционных сортов является высокая доля высших спиртов и сравнительно низкая - средних эфиров. Повышению критерия способствует переработка винограда при сахаристости не ниже 160 г/дм.The article presents study findings on the volatile composition of wine materials for the production of brandies and young brandy distillates produced from introduced grapevine cultivars, cultivars of the Institute Magarach breeding and native Crimean varieties. The main quality assessment criteria to determine suitability of grapes for brandy production have been identified. Their close relationship was established with the volatile impurities content in brandy wine materials and young distillates. Mass concentration of sugars, titrated acids, must phenolic compounds, technological reserve of phenolic compounds in grapes, must pH, and monophenolmonooxygenase activity were determined to be the most significant of the studied quality parameters of grapes. The regression equations were derived to determine the correlation between the volatile impurities content of the base wines and young brandy distillates and grape quality indicators. The effect of grapevine cultivar on the quality of wine and brandy distillates was assessed. It was demonstrated that samples obtained from introduced grapevine cultivars were characterized by high values of the medium esters and higher alcohols ratio indicating their high quality. A high proportion of higher alcohols and a relatively low proportion of medium esters is a notable feature of the composition of brandy base wines and distillates made of selection cultivars. Processing of grapes when sugar content is at least 160 g/dm helps to improve the criterion.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Atmospheric Conditions and Grape Berry Quality Parameters in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Costa ◽  
António Graça ◽  
Natacha Fontes ◽  
Marta Teixeira ◽  
Hernâni Gerós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Berry Composition

The atmospheric conditions are a strong modulator of grape berry composition, but further research is required to better understand this relationship, which is particularly pertinent under the context of climate change. The present study assesses the relationship between interannual variability in atmospheric conditions (mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures and precipitation totals) on grape berry quality attributes in three main Portuguese wine regions—Douro, Dão and Alentejo—and targets two major varieties growing in Portugal (cv. Touriga Nacional and cv. Aragonez/Tempranillo). Berry weight, titratable acidity (TA), pH, potential alcohol (PA), anthocyanins and total phenols index (TPI) data, collected two to three weeks after the end of the veraison until technological maturity, since 1999 in Douro, 2004 in Alentejo and 2008 in Dão, were selected. Meteorological data were obtained from both automatic weather stations and a climatic database defined at a very-high-resolution grid (<1 km) (PTHRES). The influence of daily mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures (November–October) and precipitation totals (April to June and July to September) on the above-mentioned berry quality parameters were first explored to identify the months/periods more influential to grape berry composition. Different statistical approaches were subsequently carried out to explore in greater detail these relationships. At technological maturity, temperature was negatively correlated to berry weight, titratable acidity, anthocyanins and TPI, but was positively correlated to pH and potential alcohol. Moreover, lowest levels of berry weight and TA (and highest levels of pH) were more frequent in warmer regions, while the opposite was seen in the cooler regions. PA, TPI and anthocyanins at maturity did not show a clear trend across regions. In addition, the maturation parameters of each site were grouped into two clusters—years where the maturation parameter is higher (cluster 1) and years where it is lower (cluster 2)—and significant differences in monthly mean temperatures between clusters were found. Overall, temperatures at veraison and maturation periods (June–August) were more influential in determining grape berry composition at harvest. The influence of precipitation was dependent on location and variety. The results also suggested that berry composition in Alentejo is more sensitive to atmospheric variability, while Aragonez seems more resilient than Touriga Nacional. These outcomes are based on a systematized and unprecedentedly large grape berry quality database in Portugal and provided the grounds for the development of grape quality forecast models, either to be used operationally in each vintage or for assessing potential modifications in berry composition in response to changing climates.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological development of Tabeluia serratifolia Vahl Nich. seeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Marcela Carlota Nery ◽  
Luciana Magda de Oliveira ◽  
Henk W. M. Hilhorst ◽  
Renato Mendes Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Heat Resistant

Tabebuia serratifolia is used for the reforestation of degraded areas. Despite protection by law for permanent preservation, the species is in danger of extinction due to improper exploitation. With the objective to aid preservation and long term storage of the species we evaluated morphophysiological alterations of T. serratifolia seeds during the maturation process in order to identify markers that can be used for harvesting and storage. Fruits were collected at anthesis and seven developmental stages from trees growing in Lavras, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. At each harvest, fruits and seeds were evaluated for color and size, moisture content, dry matter, internal morphology (by X-ray analysis), germination parameters (in vitro and ex vitro), as well as sugar and polyphenol content and heat resistant proteins. During the maturation process the initially green fruits changed to a brownish color and grew from a length of 7 to 18 cm; cracks appeared at the beginning of seed dispersal. The seed color varied from leaf-green to brownish and the length from 1 to 3 cm. The first indicatior of physiological maturity should be observed at 39 days post-anthesis, when variations the color and size of both fruits and seeds were observed. Increase in the moisture content, dry matter and germination, percentage of seeds and embryos in vitro, as well as a reduction in sugar content and LEA proteins were also observed. The physiological maturity of T. serratifolia seeds was reached 53 days after anthesis, coinciding with a maximum of dry matter accumulation and germination (and index of germination speed ex vitro), decrease in phenol levels, higher intensity of heat-resistant protein bands and the beginning of fruit opening.

CROPSIM — WHEAT: A model describing the growth and development of wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Hunt ◽  
S. Pararajasingham
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Set Up

Crop simulation models consolidate mathematical representations of the various physiological processes underlying crop growth and development into an entity that can be used to predict the outcome of various crop, soil and weather scenarios. For wheat, a number of simulation models are already available, but most of these do not appear to be set-up to facilitate easy comparison of model outputs with experimental data, to allow easy modification for new cultivars, and to facilitate the addition of disease routines, an aspect necessary for models to be useful in the general field situation. Cropsim-wheat was developed to help overcome some of these deficiencies.The model assumes that a crop consists of a collection of uniform plants, and performs calculations on a daily basis. It is driven by daily weather data dealing with solar radiation receipt, maximum and minimum temperatures, and precipitation. Water and nitrogen balance subroutines are included, and the rate of various crop processes is modulated through the use of multipliers that reflect the water and nitrogen states of the crop. Developmental processes are simulated using the concept of "biological days", a time measure that equates to chronological days under optimum conditions. The phases into which the life-cycle is broken relate closely to those in the widely used "Zadoks" scale. Dry matter accumulation is calculated from intercepted radiation, and distributed largely on the basis of demand. A minimum fraction of daily assimilate, however, is reserved for root growth. Leaf area is computed on the basis of potential leaf size and available dry matter, whereas stem and spike areas are calculated from the stem and spike weights. Both leaf and stem area are used in calculating radiation interception. Critical stresses, water saturation during early seedling growth and low temperature during the winter period, can result in plant death. Low temperatures, when they occur around heading, can also result in sterility and reduced grain number.The model performance has been compared with datasets from North America and Europe, and results of these comparisons will be conveyed in companion publications. The model has been set-up, however, on the premise that model development should be a continuing process as new datasets become available and new applications are contemplated. With this in mind, it has been built to use file structures that facilitate the handling and storage of field data, and the easy comparison of field and simulated data. It should thus be useable by experimenters as a tool to help in the analysis of field studies. Key words: Wheat, simulation, nitrogen, water, development, growth

scholarly journals Effect of varied planting time and dehaulming on the yield potential, processing quality and economic benefit in potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
MS Alam ◽  
N Islam ◽  
MJ Hossain ◽  
MSR Bhuiyan ◽  
MI Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Yield And Quality

A field experiment was conducted for producing higher processing grade tuber yield and quality by evaluating in relation to different planting times (31 October, 15 and 30 November) and dehaulming dates (80, 90 and 100 days after planting) during 2012-13 potato growing season at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. Results revealed that different growth parameters like plant height, leaves number per hill and foliage coverage were significantly influenced by planting times. Processing and non processing grade tuber number and yield were significantly affected by all the treatments and their interaction. Significantly higher yield of processing grade tuber were recorded in November 15 planting in combination with all the dehaulming dates, ranged from 20.67 to 21.50 t/ha. Processing quality parameters like specific gravity, dry matter, reducing sugar content were significantly varied by planting times, dehaulming dates and their interaction. Whereas the potato chips colour score were not affected by the planting time and dehaulming but all the processing quality parameters were remained in acceptable range. The highest net return (Tk 1,68,404/ha) with a BCR of 1.93 was obtained in November 15 planting with dehaulming at 90 days after plantingBangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(2): 273-288, June 2017

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