Comparison of Silicon-Evoked Responses on Arsenic Stress between Different Dular Rice Genotypes

Arsenic is one of the most hazardous metalloids in nature, and due to its high water solubility, it is one of the most important causes of pollution. However, silicon reduces the uptake and transport of arsenic in rice. This study investigates the interaction of different arsenic and silicon levels on dry weight, protein content, and concentrations of arsenic and silicon in two different rice shoots and roots of Dular wild-type (DU-WT) and Dular Lsi1-overexpressed (DU-OE) rice. It should be noted that all seedlings were subjected to four different treatments. For RNA-seq and qPCR, the DU-WT genotype was selected as the control and DU-OE as the treatment. With the addition of silicone treatment, dry weight and protein content in the shoots and roots of both rice lines were increased, while the concentration of arsenic in these two organs was decreased. When seedlings were exposed to arsenic treatments, protein content, silicon concentration, and dry weight were decreased in both roots and shoots, while arsenic concentration was increased in both rice genotypes. The RNA-seq in DU-OE showed 5823 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 2604 were up-regulated and 3219 down-regulated. Treatment of rice by arsenic and silicon has changed the expression of genes encoding cytokinin-responsive GATA transcription factor 1, protein IN2-1 homolog B, calcium-binding EGF domain-containing protein, Os01g0369700 protein, probable glutathione S-transferase GSTU1, glutathione S-transferase protein, Os09g0367700 protein, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP), and Os08g0522400 protein in the root of DU-OE. The present study’s findings showed that in the presence of silicon, the transgenic genotype is much more resistant to arsenic than the wild genotype of Dular rice.

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EFFECT OF SALINITY ON GROWTH AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF RICE GENOTYPES

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v7i2.6205 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1057-1063

Author(s):

K. M. Masum Billah ◽

M. M. Mehedi Hasan ◽

Dr. Dilruba Easmin Jharna

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Protein Rich ◽

Traditional Rice

Rice, the highest producing cereal crops in Bangladesh. Saline induced changes in growth was screened at germination to find out the salt tolerant traditional rice genotypes and chemical tests were carried out to detect the protein-content of rice genotypes. Four traditional rice genotypes (Kalijira, Sakkor khana, Chinigura, Ghoto balam) with one improved variety BRRI dhan28 were used in this experiment. The germination experiment was conducted in petri dish at 0, 8, 12, 16 dS/m salinity with three replications each. Based on the data obtained, the genotypes were scored and categorized as highly tolerant (score 1), tolerant (score 3), moderately tolerant (score 5), susceptible (score 7), and highly susceptible (score 9) to salinity. Salinity caused reduction in germination and declines of shoot length, root length, shoot wet weight and shoot dry weight. Mean salinity tolerance score (MSTS) was computed. Based on MSTS, two genotypes named Kalijira and Chinigura were selected as tolerant, two genotypes named Sakkor khana and BRRI dhan28 as susceptible, and the rest one genotype named Ghoto balam as highly susceptible to salinity in germination stage. Total protein content of rice genotypes were determined by Kjeldahl method. Among 5 varieties studied, Chinigura contains the highest amount of protein (8.855%). The overall data estimated that, Chinigura is more salt tolerant and highly protein rich genotype than other rice genotypes.

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Silicon Modulates Molecular and Physiological Activities in Lsi1 Transgenic and Wild Rice Seedlings under Arsenic Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1532

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Boorboori ◽

Wenxiong Lin ◽

Yanyang Jiao ◽

Changxun Fang

Keyword(s):

Calcium Binding ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Silicon Concentration ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Wild Type ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Rnai Line ◽

Overexpression Line ◽

Arsenic Stress ◽

Hydroponic Conditions

Arsenic is one of the most dangerous metalloids, and silicon is a helpful element supporting plants to withstand stress. In this study, three factors were considered, including rice accessions with three different lines, including Lsi1-RNAi line (LE-R), Lsi1 overexpression line (LE-OE), and their wild type (LE-WT), and silicon and arsenic treatments with two different levels. Analysis of variance in dry weight biomass, protein content, arsenic, and silicon concentration has shown a significant interaction between three factors. Further analysis showed that the silicon concentration of all rice seedlings under silicon treatments increased significantly. The LE-OE line has shown a higher ability to absorb silicon in hydroponic conditions than the wild type, and when the seedlings were exposed to arsenic, the concentration of arsenic in all lines increased significantly. Adding silicon to over-expressed rice lines with the Lsi1 gene creates better arsenic resistance than their wild type. These findings confirmed antagonism between silicon and arsenic, and seedlings exposed to arsenic showed a reduction in silicon concentration in all rice lines. RNA-seq analysis showed 106 differentially expressed genes in the LE-OE line, including 75 up-regulated genes and 31 down-regulated genes. DEGs in the LE-R line were 449 genes, including 190 up-regulated and 259 down-regulated genes. Adding treatment has changed the expression of Calcium-binding EGF domain-containing, Os10g0530500, Os05g0240200 in both LE-OE and LE-R roots. They showed that transgenic cultivars were more resistant to arsenic than wild-type, especially when silicon was added to the culture medium.

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Potency of Catfish (Clarias sp.) Protein Hydrolysates as Candidates Matrices for Microbiology Reference Material

SQUALEN Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology ◽

10.15578/squalen.v14i3.404 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

Eti Kurniawati ◽

Bustami Ibrahim ◽

Desniar Desniar

Keyword(s):

Reference Material ◽

Protein Content ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Skim Milk ◽

High Water ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Carbohydrate Levels

Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) is a derivative product of fish proteins containing smaller peptides and amino acids. FPH products have high water solubility, good emulsion capacity, and large expanding ability. With its functional properties, it allows FPH to be used as a raw material in the manufacturing of secondary microbiological reference materials. This study was intended to characterize catfish (Clarias sp.) FPH as a candidate for the matrix of microbial secondary reference. The FPH was prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis, freeze-drying and milling. The hydrolysis processes were carried out using 5% (w/w) papain, 55 °C for 5 hours, then the papain activity was stopped by increasing the temperature to 80 °C for 20 minutes.The FPH was combined with gelatine, sodium glutamate, glucose solution, and was spiked with Salmonella enteritica sv Enteritidis and freeze-dried. Results showed that catfish FPH was yellowish-white powder with a FPH yield of 11.05%. The proximate analysis of FPH revealed the moisture content of 3.77 ± 0.12%, ash content of 7.26 ± 0.03%, protein content of 86.09 ± 0.17%, and fat content of 1.38 ± 0.07%. The protein content of the FPH was greater than skim milk (33.42%). Carbohydrate levels of catfish FPH and skim milk were 1.56% and 57.46%, respectively. The best concentration of catfish FPH to perform as a microbiological reference material was 14%, obtained from highest viability of Salmonella bacteria and homogeny. The candidate for reference material were stable at storage temperatures of -20 oC.

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ANALISIS FISIKA KIMIA DARI KERANG DARA (Anadara granosa) YANG BERASAL DARI KAYUTANYO KAB. BANGGAI The Analysis of physical chemical from dara shells (Anadara granosa) origin from Kayutanyo, Kab.Banggai

JURNAL PENDIDIKAN GLASSER ◽

10.32529/glasser.v2i2.20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

SULASMI ANGGO

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Water Content ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Gravimetric Method ◽

Fat Content ◽

Carbohydrate Content ◽

Dust Content ◽

Total Dust ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Anadara Granosa

The Analysis of physical chemical from dara shells (Anadara granosa) origin from Kayutanyo, kab. Banggai, has been conducted.Dara shell meat is sleaned and dried and after that powered with blender. Determine % rendement, water bonding capacity and index water solubility with Anderson method, coarse fat content with gravimetric method and carbohydrate method with “bye difference” decrease method.The result of analysis showed rendement value is 24,35%, water bonding capacity is 1,6248 gram/ml, index water solubility is 0,202 gram/ml, water content is 79,0045%, total dust content is 1,072%, coarse protein content is 2,25%, coarse fat content is 8,47%, carbohydrate content is 9,2035%. Keyword : Dara shells, (Anadara granosa), analysis physical chemical

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The assembled and annotated genome of the pigeon louse Columbicola columbae, a model ectoparasite

G3 Genes|Genome|Genetics ◽

10.1093/g3journal/jkab009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

James G Baldwin-Brown ◽

Scott M Villa ◽

Anna I Vickrey ◽

Kevin P Johnson ◽

Sarah E Bush ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Single Copy ◽

Odorant Receptors ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Pediculus Humanus ◽

Final Assembly ◽

Oxford Nanopore ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Host Parasite ◽

G Protein Coupled

Abstract The pigeon louse Columbicola columbae is a longstanding and important model for studies of ectoparasitism and host-parasite coevolution. However, a deeper understanding of its evolution and capacity for rapid adaptation is limited by a lack of genomic resources. Here, we present a high-quality draft assembly of the C. columbae genome, produced using a combination of Oxford Nanopore, Illumina, and Hi-C technologies. The final assembly is 208 Mb in length, with 12 chromosome-size scaffolds representing 98.1% of the assembly. For gene model prediction, we used a novel clustering method (wavy_choose) for Oxford Nanopore RNA-seq reads to feed into the MAKER annotation pipeline. High recovery of conserved single-copy orthologs (BUSCOs) suggests that our assembly and annotation are both highly complete and highly accurate. Consistent with the results of the only other assembled louse genome, Pediculus humanus, we find that C. columbae has a relatively low density of repetitive elements, the majority of which are DNA transposons. Also similar to P. humanus, we find a reduced number of genes encoding opsins, G protein-coupled receptors, odorant receptors, insulin signaling pathway components, and detoxification proteins in the C. columbae genome, relative to other insects. We propose that such losses might characterize the genomes of obligate, permanent ectoparasites with predictable habitats, limited foraging complexity, and simple dietary regimes. The sequencing and analysis for this genome were relatively low cost, and took advantage of a new clustering technique for Oxford Nanopore RNAseq reads that will be useful to future genome projects.

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Analysis of saponins detoxification genes in Ilyonectria mors-panacis G3B inducing root rot of Panax notoginseng by RNA-Seq

Archives of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00203-021-02502-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guohong Zeng ◽

Jin Li ◽

Yuxiu Ma ◽

Qian Pu ◽

Tian Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Panax Notoginseng ◽

Glycoside Hydrolases ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Host Interaction ◽

Excellent Starting Point ◽

Starting Point ◽

Genes Encoding

AbstractSaponins are kinds of antifungal compounds produced by Panax notoginseng to resist invasion by pathogens. Ilyonectria mors-panacis G3B was the dominant pathogen inducing root rot of P. notoginseng, and the abilities to detoxify saponins were the key to infect P. notoginseng successfully. To research the molecular mechanisms of detoxifying saponins in I. mors-panacis G3B, we used high-throughput RNA-Seq to identify 557 and 1519 differential expression genes (DEGs) in I. mors-panacis G3B with saponins treatments for 4H (Hours) and 12H (Hours) compared with no saponins treatments, respectively. Among these DEGs, we found 93 genes which were simultaneously highly expressed in I. mors-panacis G3B with saponins treatments for 4H and 12H, they mainly belong to genes encoding transporters, glycoside hydrolases, oxidation–reduction enzymes, transcription factors and so on. In addition, there were 21 putative PHI (Pathogen–Host Interaction) genes out of those 93 up-regulated genes. In this report, we analyzed virulence-associated genes in I. mors-panacis G3B which may be related to detoxifying saponins to infect P. notoginseng successfully. They provided an excellent starting point for in-depth study on pathogenicity of I. mors-panacis G3B and developed appropriate root rot disease management strategies in the future.

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Biochemical effects of glyphosate based herbicide, Excel Mera 71 on enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and protein content on teleostean fishes

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 120-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Palas Samanta ◽

Sandipan Pal ◽

Aloke Kumar Mukherjee ◽

Apurba Ratan Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Protein Content ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Biochemical Effects ◽

Excel Mera 71

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An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7030038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Naji K. Al-Mefleh ◽

Yahia A. Othman ◽

Maher J. Tadros ◽

Amani Al-Assaf ◽

Samer Talozi

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Weight ◽

World Health ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Albizia Lebbeck ◽

Forage Production ◽

Water Control ◽

Significant Difference

This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

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