scholarly journals Bentonite and Biochar Mitigate Pb Toxicity in Pisum sativum by Reducing Plant Oxidative Stress and Pb Translocation

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulqurnain Haider ◽  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Pia Muhammad Adnan Ramzani ◽  
Mutahar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Pb Toxicity ◽  
Chl A

Lead (Pb)-polluted soils pose a serious threat to human health, particularly by transmitting this heavy metal to the food chain via the crops grown on them. The application of novel amendments in Pb-polluted soils can significantly reduce this problem. In this research, we report the effects of various organic and inorganic amendments i.e., bentonite (BN), biochar (BR), lignin (LN), magnesium potassium phosphate cement (CM) and iron hydroxyl phosphate (FeHP), on the Pb bioavailability in Pb-polluted soil, upon Pb distribution in shoots, roots, grain, the translocation factor (TF) and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Pb in pea (Pisum sativum L.) grain. Furthermore, effects of the said amendments on the plant parameters, as well as grain biochemistry and nutritional quality, were also assessed. Lead pollution significantly elevated Pb concentrations in roots, shoots and grain, as well as the grain TF and BCF of Pb, while reducing the nutritional quality and biochemistry of grain, plant height, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll contents (chl a and chl b) and the dry weight (DW) of shoot, root and grain. The lowest Pb distribution in shoots, roots and grain were found with BN, FeHP and CM, compared to our control. Likewise, the BN, FeHP and CM significantly lowered the TF and BCF values of Pb in the order FeHP > CM > BN. Similarly, the highest increase in plant height, shoot, root and grain DW, RWC, chl a and chl b contents, grain biochemistry and the micronutrient concentrations, were recorded with BR amendment. Biochar also reduced grain polyphenols as well as plant oxidative stress. Given that the BR and BN amendments gave the best results, we propose to explore their potential synergistic effect to reduce Pb toxicity by using them together in future research.

scholarly journals Citric Acid Enhances Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, and Phytoextraction of Lead by Alleviating the Oxidative Stress in Castor Beans

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Imran Mallhi ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Asim Mansha ◽  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Sadia Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Pb Toxicity ◽  
Pb Stress

Lead (Pb) toxicity has a great impact in terms of toxicity towards living organisms as it severely affects crop growth, yield, and food security; thus, warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Pb polluted soils. Phytoextraction of heavy metals (HMs) using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention. Thus, this study examines the possible influence of citric acid (CA) on unveiling the potential phytoextraction of Pb by using castor beans. For this purpose, different levels of Pb (0, 300, 600 mg kg−1 of soil) and CA (0, 2.5, and 5 mM) were supplied alone and in all possible combinations. The results indicate that elevated levels of Pb (especially 600 mg kg−1 soil) induce oxidative stress, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malanodialdehyde (MDA) production in plants. The Pb stress reduces the photosynthetic traits (chlorophyll and gas exchange parameters) in the tissues of plants (leaves and roots), which ultimately lead to a reduction in growth as well as biomass. Enzyme activities such as guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase are also linearly increased in a dose-dependent manner under Pb stress. The exogenous application of CA reduced the Pb toxicity in plants by improving photosynthesis and, ultimately, plant growth. The upsurge in antioxidants against oxidative stress shows the potential of CA-treated castor beans plants to counteract stress injuries by lowering H2O2 and MDA levels. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that CA treatments play a promising role in increasing the uptake of Pb and reducing its phytotoxicity. These outcomes recommend that CA application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Pb from polluted soils by growing castor beans.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Microglia to Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4676
Author(s):  
Katja Badanjak ◽  
Sonja Fixemer ◽  
Semra Smajić ◽  
Alexander Skupin ◽  
Anne Grünewald
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Great Evidence

With the world’s population ageing, the incidence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is on the rise. In recent years, inflammatory processes have emerged as prominent contributors to the pathology of PD. There is great evidence that microglia have a significant neuroprotective role, and that impaired and over activated microglial phenotypes are present in brains of PD patients. Thereby, PD progression is potentially driven by a vicious cycle between dying neurons and microglia through the instigation of oxidative stress, mitophagy and autophagy dysfunctions, a-synuclein accumulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Hence, investigating the involvement of microglia is of great importance for future research and treatment of PD. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent findings concerning the microglia-neuronal interplay in PD with a focus on human postmortem immunohistochemistry and single-cell studies, their relation to animal and iPSC-derived models, newly emerging technologies, and the resulting potential of new anti-inflammatory therapies for PD.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: a dynamic duo in multiple myeloma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Xiong ◽  
Wee-Joo Chng ◽  
Jianbiao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractUnder physiological and pathological conditions, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to deal with the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy arising from immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. MM cells are subject to continual ER stress and highly dependent on the UPR signaling activation due to overproduction of paraproteins. Mounting evidence suggests the close linkage between ER stress and oxidative stress, demonstrated by overlapping signaling pathways and inter-organelle communication pivotal to cell fate decision. Imbalance of intracellular homeostasis can lead to deranged control of cellular functions and engage apoptosis due to mutual activation between ER stress and reactive oxygen species generation through a self-perpetuating cycle. Here, we present accumulating evidence showing the interactive roles of redox homeostasis and proteostasis in MM pathogenesis and drug resistance, which would be helpful in elucidating the still underdefined molecular pathways linking ER stress and oxidative stress in MM. Lastly, we highlight future research directions in the development of anti-myeloma therapy, focusing particularly on targeting redox signaling and ER stress responses.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7806
Author(s):  
Patricia Tomás-Simó ◽  
Luis D’Marco ◽  
María Romero-Parra ◽  
Mari Carmen Tormos-Muñoz ◽  
Guillermo Sáez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Molecular Lines

Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality at any stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, the high rate of cardiovascular mortality observed in these patients is associated with an accelerated atherosclerosis process that likely starts at the early stages of CKD. Thus, traditional and non-traditional or uremic-related factors represent a link between CKD and cardiovascular risk. Among non-conventional risk factors, particular focus has been placed on anaemia, mineral and bone disorders, inflammation, malnutrition and oxidative stress and, in this regard, connections have been reported between oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Methods: We evaluated the oxidation process in different molecular lines (proteins, lipids and genetic material) in 155 non-dialysis patients at different stages of CKD and 45 healthy controls. To assess oxidative stress status, we analyzed oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH) and other oxidation indicators, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). Results: An active grade of oxidative stress was found from the early stages of CKD onwards, which affected all of the molecular lines studied. We observed a heightened oxidative state (indicated by a higher level of oxidized molecules together with decreased levels of antioxidant molecules) as kidney function declined. Furthermore, oxidative stress-related alterations were significantly greater in CKD patients than in the control group. Conclusions: CKD patients exhibit significantly higher oxidative stress than healthy individuals, and these alterations intensify as eGFR declines, showing significant differences between CKD stages. Thus, future research is warranted to provide clearer results in this area.

scholarly journals Developmental Origins of Kidney Disease: Why Oxidative Stress Matters?

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Chien-Ning Hsu ◽  
You-Lin Tain
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Developing Kidney

The “developmental origins of health and disease” theory indicates that many adult-onset diseases can originate in the earliest stages of life. The developing kidney has emerged as being particularly vulnerable to adverse in utero conditions leading to morphological and functional changes, namely renal programming. Emerging evidence indicates oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antioxidant systems, plays a pathogenetic role in the developmental programming of kidney disease. Conversely, perinatal use of antioxidants has been implemented to reverse programming processes and prevent adult-onset diseases. We have termed this reprogramming. The focus of this review is twofold: (1) To summarize the current knowledge on oxidative stress implicated in renal programming and kidney disease of developmental origins; and (2) to provide an overview of reprogramming effects of perinatal antioxidant therapy on renal programming and how this may prevent adult-onset kidney disease. Although early-life oxidative stress is implicated in mediating renal programming and adverse offspring renal outcomes, and animal models provide promising results to allow perinatal antioxidants applied as potential reprogramming interventions, it is still awaiting clinical translation. This presents exciting new challenges and areas for future research.

scholarly journals Behavior of Eucalyptus grandis and E. cloeziana seedlings grown in arsenic-contaminated soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseli Freire Melo ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Dias ◽  
Jaime Wilson Vargas de Mello ◽  
Juraci Alves Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Interveinal Chlorosis ◽  
Apical Bud

Arsenic has been considered the most poisonous inorganic soil pollutant to living creatures. For this reason, the interest in phytoremediation species has been increasing in the last years. Particularly for the State of Minas Gerais, where areas of former mining activities are prone to the occurrence of acid drainage, the demand is great for suitable species to be used in the revegetation and "cleaning" of As-polluted areas. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis (Hill) Maiden and E. cloeziana F. Muell, for phytoremediation of As-polluted soils. Soil samples were incubated for a period of 15 days with different As (Na2HAsO4) doses (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg dm-3). After 30 days of exposure the basal leaves of E. cloeziana plants exhibited purple spots with interveinal chlorosis, followed by necrosis and death of the apical bud at the 400 mg dm-3 dose. Increasing As doses in the soil reduced root and shoot dry matter, plant height and diameter in both species, although the reduction was more pronounced in E. cloeziana plants. In both species, As concentrations were highest in the root system; the highest root concentration was found in E. cloeziana plants (305.7 mg kg-1) resulting from a dose of 400 mg dm-3. The highest As accumulation was observed in E. grandis plants, which was confirmed as a species with potential for As phytoextraction, tending to accumulate As in the root system and stem.

Assessment of the nutritional quality of raw and extruded Pisum sativum L. var. laguna seeds

LWT ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1303-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Frias ◽  
S. Giacomino ◽  
E. Peñas ◽  
N. Pellegrino ◽  
V. Ferreyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

scholarly journals Diquat Determines a Deregulation of lncRNA and mRNA Expression in the Liver of Postweaned Piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Zhi-xin Li ◽  
Dan-dan Yang ◽  
Pei-qi Liu ◽  
Zhi-qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Go Terms ◽  
Porcine Hepatocytes

Oxidative stress is detrimental to animals and can depress the growth performance and regulate the gene expression of animals. However, it remains unclear how oxidative stress regulates the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to explore the profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the liver of piglets under oxidative stress. Here, we constructed a piglet oxidative stress model induced by diquat and evaluated the effects of oxidative stress on the growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activity of piglets. We also used RNA-Seq to examine the global expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in piglets under oxidative stress. The targets of lncRNAs and mRNAs were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms and signaling pathways. The results show that the growth performance and activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased in piglets under oxidative stress. Moreover, eight lncRNAs (6 upregulated and 2 downregulated) and 30 mRNAs (8 upregulated and 22 downregulated) were differentially expressed in the oxidative stress group of piglets compared to the negative control group. According to biological processes in enriched GO terms, the oxoacid metabolic process, intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, and oxidation-reduction process play important roles in oxidative stress. Pathway analysis showed that the signaling pathways involved in insulin and glucose metabolism had a close relationship with oxidative stress. Furtherin vitroexperiments showed that the expression of the upregulated geneGNMTwas significantly increased in primary porcine hepatocytes after diquat stimulation. In contrast, the level of the downregulated geneGCKwas significantly decreased at 12 h in primary porcine hepatocytes after diquat stimulation. Our results expand our knowledge of the lncRNAs and mRNAs transcribed in the livers of piglets under oxidative stress and provide a basis for future research on the molecular mechanisms mediating oxidative stress and tissue damage.

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